上海市临床医师对基因技术与生命伦理的认知

上海市公立医院临床医师对基因技术与生命伦理的认知调查显示,临床医师对基因技术的优势与风险有一定的认知,但认知差异较大,需要对临床医师加强生命伦理的培训,加强基因相关法规的建设。     

基于SPAC系统干旱区水分循环和水分来源研究方法综述

土壤-植物-大气连续体(SPAC)是研究植物水分利用与循环的核心,研究其水分传输过程对于旱区植被恢复具有重要指导意义.本文从土壤水分和植物蒸腾两个方面进行阐述,对土壤水分的研究主要涉及热惯量法、中子仪法和时域反射仪法,植物蒸腾则从枝叶尺度、单木尺度、林分尺度和区域尺度4个层面分类总结;并重点介绍了稳定同位素方法在研究植物不同水分来源中的应用.     

马尾松松针挥发油提取工艺研究

本文研究水蒸气蒸馏法提取马尾松松针挥发油的工艺。通过单因素试验考察液固比、提取时间、松针长度、浸泡时间4个因素对马尾松松针挥发油得率的影响,运用L9(34)正交试验探索最佳工艺条件。结果表明,浸泡时间对挥发油提取有显著影响(P=0.045),最佳时间为7 h;液固比、提取时间、松针长度无显著影响(P>0.05)。最佳工艺条件为液固比9∶1、提取时间3 h、松针长度5 mm、浸泡时间7 h,通过验证实验验证此工艺稳定可行。     

正交试验法优选复方四参颗粒剂的提取工艺

本文研究复方四参颗粒剂的提取工艺,采用正交试验法,以丹酚酸B提取率和干膏得率为指标,考察加水量、煎煮时间和煎煮次数对提取效果的影响,确立了复方四参颗粒剂的最佳提取工艺为:加8倍量水,提取2次,第一次时间为2 h,第二次为1 h。在最佳提取工艺条件下,干膏得率为16.58%,丹酚酸B的平均量为22.42mg。与正交试验的结果相符,说明该提取方法合理、稳定、可行。     

酒精发酵过程中酿酒酵母耐受环境胁迫的研究进展

提高酿酒酵母细胞耐受环境胁迫（高渗透压、高浓度酒精和高温）的能力对酒精工业生产具有重要的意义。对提高酿酒酵母耐受性的研究方法和策略的发展历程进行了综述。基因组学、转录组学和蛋白质组学等现代组学技术在这一领域的研究获得了广泛的应用。这些技术将提供期待的信息,去理性改造并获得更加耐受胁迫的工业酵母菌株。     

x线断层容积成像技术在肺动脉畸形中的应用

目的：通过与常规x线胸片比较,探讨胸部x线断层容积成像技术在肺动脉畸形中的应用价值。方法：对20例临床及x线平片怀疑肺动脉畸形者,进一步进行胸部x线断层容积成像检查。其中11例被明确诊断为肺动脉畸形。以CT或超声心动结果为标准,对比两种图像对肺动脉畸形的明确诊断率,分析对比该11例患者的胸部x线断层容积成像图片和普通x线胸片,评价两种方法所获得的图像质量和图片优秀率。结果：20例疑似患者中,11例被CT或超声心动确诊为肺动脉畸形,其x线断层容积成像图片和普通x线胸片经主管技师和副主任医师双盲判读,x线断层容积成像11例均获明确诊断（100％）,普通x线胸片明确诊断2例（18％）,诊断准确率有明显差异（P=0．O001）。容积断层成像优质图像为10例,占总数的90．91％;良好1例,差为0例。11例x片中优秀7例,占总数的63．63％,其中良好3例,差1例。两种图像优秀率比较差异有统计学意义（P=0．0001）。结论：x线断层容积成像技术对肺动脉畸形的图像优秀率和诊断准确率均高于x线平片,对病变的显示更加清晰、立体,提高诊断准确率和客观性,具有重要的临床诊断价值。     

A novel cell-based duplex high-throughput screening assay combining fluorescent Ca measurement with homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence technology

Cell-based assays for G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation applied in high-throughput screening (HTS) monitor various readouts for second messengers or intracellular effectors. Recently, our understanding of diverging signaling pathways downstream of receptor activation and the capability of small molecules to selectively modulate signaling routes has increased substantially, underlining the importance of selecting appropriate readouts in cellular functional screens. To minimize the rate of false negatives in large-scale screening campaigns, it is crucial to maximize the chance of a ligand being detected, and generally applicable methods for detecting multiple analytes from a single well might serve this purpose. The few assays developed so far based on multiplexed GPCR readouts are limited to only certain applications and usually rely on genetic manipulations hindering screening in native or native-like cellular systems. Here we describe a more generally applicable and HTS-compatible homogeneous assay based on the combination of fluorometric detection of [Ca²⁺] with subsequent homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) cAMP readout in the same well. Besides describing development and validation of the assay, using a cell line recombinantly expressing the human PTH1 receptor screening of a small library is also presented, demonstrating the robustness and HTS compatibility of the novel paradigm.     

汉族和维吾尔族乙型肝炎病毒耐药基因的相关临床研究

目的:利用基因芯片技术研究伊犁地区汉、维两个民族乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)耐药基因的差异性。方法:收集2014年1月-2015年12月我院收治的汉族及维吾尔族(以下简称"维族")慢性HBV感染患者各50例,患者均经基因芯片技术筛选确诊存在天然HBV耐药基因(耐核苷酸类药物),观察HBV耐药基因分型特点及对核苷酸类药物的耐药突变位点的情况。结果:汉族HBV感染患者的耐药基因型集中于B、C型,且以C型为主,而维族以D型为主,两组各基因型比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。汉族患者在rt204位点变异明显,而维族在rtn236t、rta181v/t+rtn236t位点变异明显,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:在新疆伊犁地区天然HBV病毒耐药基因患者中,汉族及维族耐药基因分型及耐药基因突变位点均存在显著差异,临床可通过基因芯片技术筛选变异靶点,选择合适的敏感药物。     

L.S. Vygotsky and the Theater

The article presents the analysis of L.S. Vygotsky's works dedicated to the theater arts and is organized according Vygotsky's different life and work stages. Meanwhile special attention is paid to the Gomel period during which a large number of reviews were written by Vygotsky and published in “Nash ponedel'nik” and “Polesskaia pravda” newspapers. Biographical facts are widely used in this analysis and help to clarify Vygotsky's interest in art. It is shown that even at the beginning of his oeuvre, he was interested not only in a range of problems in art, but also psychological problems related to art perception and creativeness. Vygotsky's usage of structural concept ideas about the peculiar properties of literary text composition are also explored. Vygotsky analyzes the socio-psychological mechanisms of theatrical art effect. Furthermore, those areas which are widely used by Vygotsky in determining the characteristics of cast reincarnation are examined. Special emphasis is placed on the different elements of the actor techniques (speech, movement, emotional expression, acting personality and etc.). Materials are widely used in this study and help identify the socio-cultural context that defined Vygotsky's values at different stages of his work, related to his drama criticism and his formation as a professional psychologist.