Detrimental effect on availability of buserelin acetate administered in seminal doses in rabbits

The study evaluated a seminal effect on the ability to induce ovulation of a synthetic GnRH analogue, buserelin acetate, administered by vaginal mucosa in rabbit does. In a first experiment, 751 receptive nulliparous and multiparous non-lactating does were randomly assigned to groups of different seminal doses (6, 12, 24, 50, and 100 million total sperm in 0.5 mL). All seminal doses contained 5μg of buserelin acetate to induce ovulation by vaginal mucosa absorption. Two hundred and six does from 751 were laparoscopized at 12^th days of gestation to evaluate ovulation induction, ovulation rate and implanted embryos, while pregnancy rate and total and live born were noted in all females. Results showed that the pregnancy rate was significantly affected by the seminal dose used (0.82 vs 0.72, 0.50, and 0.45, for 6, 24, 50, and 100 million of spermatozoa, respectively). Data from laparoscopized does showed significant differences between the group of 6 and 50 million sperm dose in the ovulation induction and consequently in the pregnancy rate (0.79 vs 0.52, 0.79 vs 0.48, respectively). Does from all groups had similar implanted embryos and litter sizes irrespective of seminal dose used. In a second experiment, inseminations were done without spermatozoa, 0.5 mL of two dilutions of seminal plasma (1/4 and 1/20) with 5μg of buserelin acetate were introduced into vagina from 71 receptive females and its results were compared to a control group (35 does) induced to ovulate with 1μg of buserelin acetate administered intramuscularly. Only 40% of females from 1/4 plasma dilution group became to ovulate. Consequently, the dilution rate of seminal plasma may reduce the availability rate of the GnRH analogue and the concentration needed to provoke the ovulation induction.     

Glucagon receptor expression and glucagon stimulation of ghrelin secretion in rat stomach

The present study was performed to evaluate the role of glucagon in the regulation of ghrelin secretion from the rat stomach. mRNA for ghrelin and glucagon receptor was expressed predominantly in the lower body and pylorus of stomach, but little or not in the upper body and cardia. Ghrelin- and glucagon receptor-immunoreactive cells were detected in lamina propria mucosae of stomach and some cells expressed both. Intravenous administration of glucagon caused transient increases in both acyl- and desacyl-ghrelin levels in the gastric vein within 10 min, which was followed by gradual increases in desacyl-ghrelin levels until 60 min. Steady state levels of ghrelin mRNA in the stomach were increased by 1.9-fold 20 min after glucagon administration, but not at 5 or 120 min. These results suggest that glucagon stimulates acute release of both forms of ghrelin and thereafter upregulates synthesis and release of desacyl-ghrelin in the rat stomach.     

洗胃法与剖胃法在四种蛙食性分析中的对比

在动物的食性研究中,剖胃法因要杀死动物,会产生一系列的生态学影响和伦理学问题,在国际上招致了越来越多的反对,而在我国仍广泛使用。尽管洗胃法已用于食性研究,它的效果却从来没有研究过。我们应用洗胃法研究了浙江宁波郭巨镇四种蛙(黑斑蛙、泽蛙、金线蛙和中华蟾蜍)的食性,并与剖胃法所获得的食性结果进行比较。结果显示:尽管洗胃法在四种蛙胃内食物量的总洗出率(在94.50%以上)和食物个体数的洗出率上(均大于93.46%)略低于剖胃法,但胃内未洗出的与洗出的平均食物个体大小间无差异(所有P>0.3061),两种方法获得的四种蛙的平均食物量和食物个体数也无差异(对食物量所有P>0.8680,对食物个体数所有P>0.7923)。结果表明,洗胃法是比较精确的,在动物的食性研究中,应广泛地推广洗胃法,摒弃剖胃法     

Prevalence and clinicopathologic characteristics of gastric cardia cancer in South Korea

Background and Aim: Western reports have suggested that the prevalence of gastric cardia cancer (GCC) has been increasing, and indicated some differences between GCC and gastric noncardia cancer (GNCC). However, few studies have been conducted in Asia. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of GCC and to evaluate differences of clinicopathologic characteristics between GCC and GNCC in South Korea. Methods: This study was single‐center case–control study. A total of 829 patients with gastric cancer and 270 controls were enrolled between 2003 and 2011. Baseline characteristics, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection status, and histologic characteristics were compared among three groups (GCC, GNCC, and control). Results: Sixty cases (7.2%) of gastric cancer were located in cardia. Multivariate analysis showed that male odds ratio (OR, 5.72; 95% CI, 1.72–19.07; p = .005) and cigarette smoking (OR, 5.38; 95% CI, 1.39–20.90; p = .015) were risk factors of GCC in comparison with control group, but H. pylori infection rate was not significant. In the case of GNCC, cigarette smoking (OR, 3.87; 95% CI, 1.81–8.29; p < .001), past alcohol intake (OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.28–6.20; p = .010), intestinal metaplasia (OR, 3.22; 95% CI, 2.00–5.17; p < .001), and H. pylori infection (OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.90–4.93; p < .001) were risk factors of GNCC. Gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms were higher in the GNCC (21.2%) than control group (13.5%) (p = .008). However, in the case of GCC, they were similar between the GCC (12.7%) and control group (p = .872). According to multivariate analysis, history of H. pylori eradication (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.19–0.61; p < .001) was associated with a protective effect on GNCC. GCC showed higher depth of invasion (p = .038) and frequent distant metastasis (p = .012) than GNCC. Conclusion: In this referral center based study, the prevalence of GCC was 7.2% in South Korea. Risk factors and clinicopathologic characteristics for GCC and GNCC were different, supporting that the pathophysiology is different in the development of GCC and GNCC.     

37 例老年胃癌合并胰腺受侵围手术期的临床治疗分析

目的:探讨老年胃癌合并胰腺受侵患者围手术期合并症及并发症发生率与其他老年胃癌患者间的差异,优化老年胃癌合并胰腺受侵患者围手术期临床治疗护理策略。方法:收集2005年2月至2009年10月前来我院治疗的37名年龄>65岁的老年胃癌合并胰腺受侵患者作为研究对象,设置相同年龄胃癌无胰腺受侵患者37例作为对照,收集详细临床资料,对两组间围手术期合并症发生情况进行卡方(x2)检验,通过采取不同临床治疗护理手段进一步施行干预(包括不同的手术方式及临床监测管理模式),再次采用x2检验比较两组术后并发症发生率,最后通过随访实现Kaplan-Meier生存分析。结果:老年胃癌合并胰腺受侵组(组Ⅰ)与老年胃癌无胰腺受侵组(组Ⅱ)术前总体合并症发生率并无显著统计学差异(P>0.05);各项合并症中仅有血红蛋白降低(<100g/L)、白蛋白降低(<35g/L)以及合并糖尿病的患病人数存有统计学意义(P=0.020,P=0.032,P=0.013);根据两组患病情况不同采取不同手术方式,两组死亡人数未见统计学意义(P>0.05);组Ⅰ术后并发症发生率为70.27%,低于组Ⅱ的86.49%,但两组未见明显统计学差异(P>0.05);比较两组功能性、心血管类并发症,两者间存在显著统计学差异(P=0.036,P=0.013);两组术后5年生存率比较无统计学差异(P=0.8308)。结论:需加强对老年晚期胃癌合并胰腺患者围手术期的临床治疗护理策略,采取适宜的手术治疗方式,可减少术后并发症及死亡的发生,提高患者生活质量。     

Meteorological influence on the occurrence of gastric dilatation-volvulus in military working dogs in Texas

Gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) is a life-threatening condition in dogs and other species in which the stomach dilates and rotates on itself. The etiology of the disease is multi-factorial, but explicit precipitating causes are unknown. This study sought to determine if there was a significant association between changes in hourly-measured temperature and/or atmospheric pressure and the occurrence of GDV in the population of high-risk working dogs in Texas. The odds of a day being a GDV day, given certain temperature and atmospheric pressure conditions for that day or the day before, was estimated using logistic regression models. There were 57 days in which GDV(s) occurred, representing 2.60% of the days in the 6-year study period. The months of November, December, and January collectively accounted for almost half (47%) of all cases. Disease risk was negatively associated with daily maximum temperature. An increased risk of GDV was weakly associated with the occurrence of large hourly drops in temperature that day and of higher minimum barometric pressure that day and the day before GDV occurrence, but extreme changes were not predictive of the disease.     

在患CyHV-2病的异育银鲫肠道黏膜中胆固醇、胆汁酸代谢通路基因的差异表达

为了探讨CyHV-2疾病条件下异育银鲫胆汁酸肠肝循环代谢途径主要基因表达活性的变化, 以患CyHV-2病的、正常的异育银鲫肠道黏膜为材料, 提取总RNA, 采用RNA-Seq测序、对单一基因进行注释, 并进行KEGG富集分析、单一基因差异表达分析。结果显示, 肠道黏膜组织有7770个基因显著性差异表达, 其中, 差异表达上调基因数为3335个、差异表达下调的基因数为4435个, 表明CyHV-2病的发生对肠道黏膜组织基因表达产生了重大的影响。病鱼胆固醇、胆汁酸生物合成代谢途径的酶、蛋白质的基因显著性差异表达, 显示肠道黏膜胆固醇、胆汁酸合成代谢受到显著性影响。参与胆固醇、胆汁酸合成代谢调节作用, 以及胆固醇、胆汁酸分泌、吸收、转运等生理过程的蛋白质、酶的基因也是差异表达下调, 胆汁酸肠肝循环有出现代谢障碍的趋势。结果表明, CyHV-2病的发生对肠道黏膜组织基因表达产生了严重影响, 对胆固醇、胆汁酸的合成代谢途径、胆汁酸肠肝循环途径的基因表达产生了严重影响, 将导致病鱼体内胆固醇、胆汁酸量的不足。患CyHV-2病病鱼血清胆汁酸含量下降了99%、胆固醇含量下降了10%, 证实了上述基因差异表达的趋势。     

普通大鵟胃容物和食茧分析

对青海省玛多县境内的普通大鵟(Buteo hemilasius)的14个胃容物和118个食茧中的猎物逐个分析鉴定,共分为3种类型：①高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae),②青海田鼠(Lasiopodomys fuscus）,③小型鸟类,分别计算各类猎物出现率(Pi)和生物量比率(bi)。高原鼠免、青海田鼠、小型鸟类在胃容物中,pi分别为0．28、0．68和0．04;bi则分别为0．59、0．40和0．02;食茧中,pi分别为0．70、0．27和0．02,bi则分别为0．89、0．10和0．01。χ^2检验表明取食个体数和生物量在胃容物和食茧之间差异显著,但均说明高原鼠兔和青海田鼠等小型哺乳类是普通大鵟的主要食物来源。     

滴鼻免疫有效的诱导粘膜及系统免疫反应

为了探讨粘膜疫苗滴鼻免疫对小鼠不同粘膜部位和系统免疫部位的影响,将BALB/c小鼠随机分为三组,每组15只,FSM-2117或FS-5416 4×107cfu/只经滴鼻途径免疫小鼠,间隔两周,4次免后7天活杀,收集鼻咽、肺、肠、生殖道冲洗液和血清,ELISA法检测其中特异性抗福氏、宋内氏LPSIg和AIgG;分离NALT、鼻通道、脾、小肠PP淋巴细胞,细胞中加入全菌破碎抗原共培养,于不同时间取出细胞,提取RNA做RT-PCR.两株菌苗经鼻内免疫均诱发了鼻咽、肺、胃肠道和生殖道等不同粘膜部位及血清中特异性抗福氏、宋内氏LPSIgA、IgG的显著增加(P＜0.01);免疫动物的NALT、NP、PP结淋巴细胞在体外经抗原刺激后均在不同时间出现IFN-γ和IL-4mRNA的表达,而TGF-β mRNA的表达在免疫前后无明显变化.疫苗经鼻粘膜免疫可诱导不同粘膜部位及系统免疫反应的发生,鼻粘膜是一个安全有效的免疫途径.     

Orexin-A通路对胃运动的调控研究

目的:探讨下丘脑外侧核(LHA)-伏隔核(NAcc)orexin-A神经和功能通路构成及该通路对胃运动的影响及潜在机制。方法:将健康成年雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为逆行追踪组和胃运动组:逆行追踪组大鼠采用逆行追踪技术结合免疫荧光组织化学染色法,观察下丘脑外侧核-伏隔核间是否存在orexin-A神经通路;胃运动组大鼠通过在体胃运动研究,观察伏隔核内微量注射不同浓度orexin-A对大鼠胃运动幅度和频率的影响,以及电刺激下丘脑外侧核后,大鼠胃运动的变化及机制。结果:荧光逆行追踪结合荧光免疫组织化学染色结果显示:下丘脑外侧核内有荧光金和orexin-A双重标记的神经元。胃运动研究结果显示:伏隔核内微量注射orexin-A,大鼠胃运动幅度和频率显著增加,并呈现显著剂量依赖关系(P0.05),伏隔核预先微量注射SB-334867,可反转该效应(P0.05)。电刺激下丘脑外侧核,大鼠胃运动幅度和频率显著增强(P0.05)。同样,伏隔核内微量注射SB-334867,再电刺激下丘脑外侧核,电刺激导致的胃运动增强效应显著减弱(P0.05)。结论:下丘脑外侧核-伏隔核存在orexin-A神经和功能通路,该通路可能通过orexin-A受体介导参与胃动力和能量代谢调控。