Synthesis of a Highly Potent Antitumor Saponin OSW-1 and its Analogues

Twelve years ago a group of cholestane glycosides was isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae, a species of the lily family without any medicinal folklore background. Similar glycosides were recently isolated from Galtonia candicans. The major component of the mixture of saponins, OSW-1, exhibited sub-nanomolar antineoplastic activity. While OSW-1 is exceptionally cytotoxic against various tumor cells, it shows little toxicity with normal human pulmonary cells. In this review article the synthetic efforts towards OSW-1 and related cholestane glycosides, as well as the preliminary results of the structure–activity relationship study are presented.     

Triterpenoid saponins and phenylethanoid glycosides from stem of Akebia trifoliata var. australis

A detailed phytochemical study on the 70% aqueous ethanol extract of stems of Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. var. australis (Diels) Rehd led to isolation of five compounds, together with 12 known triterpenoid saponins and three known phenylethanoid glycosides. The structures of the five compounds were elucidated on the basis of analysis of spectroscopic data and physicochemical properties as: 2alpha, 3beta, 23-trihydroxy-30-norolean-12-en-28-oic acid beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (1), 2alpha, 3beta, 23-trihydroxy-30-norolean-12-en-28-oic acid beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O-alpha-D-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (2), 2alpha, 3beta, 23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (3), 3-beta-[(beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-23-hydroxy-30-norolean-12-en-28-oic acid alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (4) and 3-beta-[(alpha-L-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-30-norolean-12-en-28-oic acid alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (5), named mutongsaponin A, B, C, D and E, respectively.     

大孔吸附树脂纯化山茱萸总皂苷的动态吸附条件研究

为了研究大孔吸附树脂纯化山茱萸总皂苷的动态吸附工艺,运用静态吸附与解吸试验对大孔吸附树脂进行筛选,然后通过单因素试验、正交试验和方差分析确定了大孔吸附树脂吸附山茱萸总皂苷的最佳操作条件.结果表明,HPD-300树脂对山茱萸总皂苷的吸附和解吸性能较好.确定的最佳吸附条件为料液浓度3.5 m g.mL-1,上柱速度3.5 BV.h-1,pH值为7.0.HPD-300大孔吸附树脂可较好地纯化山茱萸总皂苷.     

三七地下部分皂甙成分的HPLC比较研究

应用HPLC定量分析方法,对三七(Panax notoginseng)地下部位的皂甙成分进行分析,通过比较人参皂甙Rg1,Rb1,Re,Rd和三七皂甙R1等5种主要皂甙成分和总皂甙的含量变化,探讨不同部位和组织中皂甙成分的分布规律。结果表明在三七药材的不同商品等级中,人参皂甙Rg1和Rb1的含量以主根60头为最高,5个主要皂甙的总含量也明显高于其他的等级;根茎的生物产量只为全根的18%,皂甙含量占25%以上;主根和根茎中韧皮部的生物产量和总皂甙的含量均高于木质部;二年生三七的生物产量及皂甙含量均较三年生三七低得多。不同表型三七的皂甙组成也有区别。     

Distribution of steroidal saponins in Tribulus terrestris from different geographical regions

The steroidal saponins of Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllaceae) are considered to be the factor responsible for biological activity of products derived from this plant. The activity depends on the concentration and the composition of active saponins, which in turn is influenced by the geographical origin of plant material. Samples of T. terrestris collected in Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia, Macedonia, Turkey, Georgia, Iran, Vietnam and India were analyzed by LC-ESI/MS/MS for the presence and the concentration of protodioscin (1), prototribestin (2), pseudoprotodioscin (3), dioscin (4), tribestin (5) and tribulosin (6). The flavonoid rutin (7) was also included in the comparison. The results revealed distinct differences in the content of these compounds depending on region of sample collection, plant part studied and stage of plant development. The samples from Bulgaria, Turkey, Greece, Serbia, Macedonia, Georgia and Iran exhibited similar chemical profile and only some quantitative difference in the content of 1-7 with protodioscin (1) and prototribestin (2) as main components. The Vietnamese and Indian samples exhibit totally different chemical profile. They lack 2 and 5, while tribulosin (6) is present in high amounts. Compounds different from 1 to 7 are dominating in these 3 samples. The presented results suggested the existence of one chemotype common to the East South European and West Asian regions. Most probably, the Vietnamese and Indian samples belong to other chemotypes which are still to be studied and characterized. No clear correlation between the burrs morphology and the chemical composition of the samples has been found.     

Steroidal saponins and pseudoalkaloid oligoglycoside from Brazilian natural medicine, "fruta do lobo" (fruit of Solanum lycocarpum)

Steroidal saponins, lyconosides Ia, Ib, II, III, and IV and a steroidal pseudoalkaloid oligoglycoside, lobofrutoside, were isolated from a Brazilian natural medicine, "fruta do lobo" (the fruit of Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil.). The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of analysis of chemical and physicochemical evidence.     

A triterpenoidal saponin and sphingolipids from Pteleopsis hylodendron

From the stem bark of Pteleopsis hylodendron, a triterpenoidal saponin bellericagenin [B 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside] (1) (Pteleopsoside)] and two sphingolipids, hylodendroside-I (2), and hylodendroside-II (3) were isolated, along with a synthetically known compound, [2alpha, 3beta, 23-triacetoxy-19alpha-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (4)]. Other known compounds, friedelin (5), beta-carotene (6), lupeol (7), sitosterol (8), and stigmasterol (9), were also obtained. Their structures were deduced with the help of detailed spectroscopic studies.     

三七总皂苷对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后脑内NGF和bFGF表达的影响

目的:观察三七总皂苷(PNS)对局灶性脑缺血再灌注后脑组织神经生长因子(NGF)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)蛋白表达的影响.方法:采用线栓法建立大鼠大脑中动脉栓塞局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型.实验动物随机分为假手术组、脑缺血再灌注模型组、模型 PNS治疗组和模型 尼莫地平治疗组.用免疫组织化学方法检测脑内皮质、海马等区域NGF和bFGF蛋白表达.结果:缺血2h再灌注46h后,脑内海马和皮质区的NGF表达降低,PNS能显著上调海马、皮质区及丘脑区域NGF的表达.缺血2h再灌注46h后,bFGF的表达各脑区无明显差异;但PNS能显著上调缺血再灌注损伤后胼胝体区域内bFGF的表达.结论:局灶性脑缺血再灌注后,PNS能上调缺血脑组织内NGF和bFGF表达,尤其是促进了NGF的表达,这可能是PNS对脑缺血后损伤神经元的保护机制之一.     

Three New Triterpenoid Saponins from Notoginseng Medicinal Fungal Substance

Three new triterpenoid saponins, named ginsenoside‐Rh₂₃ ( 1 ), ginsenoside‐Rh₂₄ ( 2 ), and ginsenoside‐Rh₂₅ ( 3 ), were isolated from notoginseng medicinal fungal substance. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, MS and chemical analysis. Compounds 1  –  3 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity against MCF‐7 and NCI‐H460 cancer cell lines.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel steroidal 5α,8α-epidioxyandrost-6-ene-3β-ol-17-(O-phenylacetamide)oxime derivatives as potential anticancer agents

Inspired by the significant anti-cancer activity of our previously screened natural ergosterol peroxide (EP, 1), we synthesized and characterized a series of novel 5α,8α-epidioxyandrost-3β-ol-17-(O-phenylacetamide)oxime derivatives (9a–o). The anti-proliferative activity of the synthesized compounds against human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2, Sk-Hep1) and human breast cancer cells (MCF-7, MDA-MB231) were investigated. Compounds 9d, 9f, 9h, 9j and 9m displayed good anti-proliferative activity (most IC₅₀ < 20 μM) in vitro. Furthermore, fluorescence imaging showed that the designed coumarin-9d conjugate (12) localized mainly in mitochondria, leading to enhanced anticancer activities over the parent structure.