绣球菌生物学特性若干问题的研究

绣球菌菌丝在蛋白胨培养基中生长最佳,硫酸铵、尿素、复合肥对菌丝生长有抑制作用。选用基础培养基或在基础培养基中添加0.3%蛋白胨作为绣球菌母种培养基较为合适。栽培料中添加淀粉可促进绣球菌的生长,接种50d后观察发现,添加新鲜去皮马铃薯块比马铃薯淀粉效果好,前者100%菌袋出现原基,后者只有50%菌袋出现原基,且原基正处在胶质片时期。添加大米淀粉,小麦淀粉效果与马铃薯块接近,甘薯淀粉与马铃薯淀粉效果接近。     

A high-yielding serum-free, suspension cell culture process to manufacture recombinant adenoviral vectors for gene therapy

We have developed an efficient, reproducible, and scaleable cell culture process for a recombinant adenoviral vector expressing therapeutic transgenes for clinical trials. HEK 293 cells – which support the propagation of E1 deficient adenovirus – were first adapted to serum free media and suspension growth. Subsequent studies focused on the infection, virus production and harvest from suspension culture bioreactors. Future studies are planned to address the kinetics of adenovirus production in HEK 293 as well as in other cell lines. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Design of an efficient fermentation process for the production of Metarhizium acridum blastospores

Using a sequential approach, we described efficient blastospore production in a stirred tank bioreactor (3?L capacity). We used the response surface methodology to optimise the media ingredients and fermentation parameters to obtain the maximum production of blastospores by a locally collected isolate of Metarhizium acridum (Ascomycota: Hypocreales). The results showed that a liquid culture medium supplemented with monopotassium phosphate (15.17?g/L), corn steep liquor (69.25?g/L), and casamino acids (80.68?g/L) in a stirred tank bioreactor under operating conditions constant at 635?rpm, a temperature of 26°C, and pH 3.3 produced 1.25?×?10⁸?blastospores (bls)/ml, with 93% viability after 120?h of fermentation. This bioreactor yield compares favourably with the yields obtained by shake flask production and confirms the suitability of the media and production parameters for the potential scale-up fermentation production of M. acridum.     

藏酋猴精液深低温冻存的研究──不同的冷冻程序、冷冻稀释保存液冻存效果的比较

以存活率（ＳＲ）、复苏运动度（ＲＭ）、ＳＰＡ为精子活力检测指标，对四种冷冻程序ＰＳＦ、Ｈ３Ｐ、ＬＰ、ＭＤＰ和卵黄的、无卵黄的冷冻稀释保存液进行了藏酋猴（Ｍａｃａｃａ ｔｈｉｂｅｔａｎａ）精液冻存比较研究。 ＰＳＦ的ＳＲ为９０．１±１．９％，ＲＭ为６３．８±２．８％，显著高于其他三种冷冻程序（Ｐ＜０．０１）。卵黄冷冻稀释保存液（ＭＤＭ）的ＳＲ（９５． ４±１．３％）和ＲＭ（８８．０±１０．２％）显著高于无卵黄防冻液（ＦＣＳ－Ｇ／ＴＨ）的ＳＲ（９０．１±１．９％）和ＲＭ（６３．６±２．８％），但前者在复苏一小时后，ＲＭ（１２．５±１．６％）明显低于后者的ＲＭ（５４． ７±２． ２％）。用 ＦＣＳ～Ｇ／ＴＨ冻存的精液经 ＳＰＡ检测，其穿透率为新鲜精子的 ５１． ９％。结果提示：１）慢速降温冷冻程序适于藏酋猴精液冻存；２）卵黄冷冻稀释保存液能较好地保存藏酋猴精液的活动度；而无卵黄防冻液则有利于延长其冷冻精子的运动寿命。这可能与两者的稀释液及所含的脂蛋白不同有关。     

Glycated albumin and diabetes mellitus

Background

Diabetes is a growing worldwide problem that is strongly associated with atherosclerosis. Screening and intervention for diabetes in the earliest stages are advocated for the prevention of diabetic complications and cardiovascular disease.

Scope of review

This review gives a background of and discusses the potential clinical utility of glycated albumin (GA) in diabetes.

Major conclusions

GA is a ketoamine formed via a non-enzymatic glycation reaction of serum albumin and it reflects mean glycemia over two to three weeks. GA can be used for patients with anemia or hemoglobinopathies for whom the clinically measured hemoglobin A1c level may be inaccurate. Because both serum and plasma samples can be used, GA can be analyzed from the same samples as common biological markers. GA is a useful marker for the screening of diabetes in a medical evaluation. It can be also used to determine the effectiveness of treatment before initiating or changing medications for diabetic patients. GA is potentially an atherogenic protein in the development of diabetic atherosclerosis.

General significance

GA measurement is useful as part of a routine examination to screen for both diabetes and atherosclerosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Serum Albumin.     

Catalysis by Laccase (From Coriolus uersicolor) in Microheterogeneous Media of the Water/Organic Solvent/Surfactant Type

Catalysis by laccase from Coriolus uersicolor solubilized in the ternary systems of surfactant/water/organic solvent type, namely, Aerosol OT/water/octane, Brij 56/water/cyclohexane and egg lecithin/water/octane + pentanol + methanol mixture, has been studied. The laccase activity is found to depend, in principle, not only on the water/surfactant molar ratio, but on the surfactant concentration (with its hydration degree being constant) as well. The following inferences should be emphasized. Firstly, in all the systems under study, the catalytic activity (k_cat) of laccase entrapped into surfactant reversed micelles increases more than 50 times (when the surfactant concentration is extrapolated to zero) compared with the k_cat value in aqueous solution. Secondly, the catalytic activity (k_cat) of laccase entrapped in hydrated Aerosol OT aggregates, having lamellar, reversed cylindrical (hexagonal) and reversed micellar structure, depends greatly on the aggregate type. In other words, the phase transitions, i.e. an alteration in the packing of hydrated Aerosol OT molecules, evokes a sharp reversible change in the enzymatic activity. Thirdly, in the same phase, the catalytic activity of the solubilized enzyme depends on the linear dimensions of water cavities inside the surfactant aggregates (i.e. on the water content in the system under study). All these effects, regulating enzymatic activity, are probably caused by an alteration of the conformational mobility of laccase molecules incorporated into the inner polar cavities inside the surfactant aggregates.     

中国石竹科一新属

本文发表了石竹科一新属,假卷耳属ＰｓｅｕｄｏｃｅｒａｓｔｉｕｍＣ．Ｙ．Ｗｕ,Ｘ．Ｈ．ＧｕｏｅｔＸ．Ｐ．Ｚｈａｎｇ。该属模式种为假卷耳ＰｓｅｕｄｏｃｅｒａｓｔｉｕｍｓｔｅｌｌａｒｉｏｉｄｅｓＸ．Ｈ．ＧｕｏｅｔＸ．Ｐ．Ｚｈａｎｇ,近于卷耳属,繁缕属和鹅肠菜属。另报道一个中国地理分新分布种,异型花缕ＳｔｅｌｌａｒｉａｄｉｖｅｒｉｓｆｌｏｒａＭａｘｉｍ．。     

Distal NF-kB binding motif functions as an enhancer for nontypeable H. influenzae-induced DEFB4 regulation in epithelial cells

Among the antimicrobial molecules produced by epithelial cells, DEFB4 is inducible in response to proinflammatory signals such as cytokines and bacterial molecules. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is an important human pathogen that exacerbates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adult and causes otitis media and sinusitis in children. Previously, we have demonstrated that DEFB4 effectively kills NTHi and is induced by NTHi via TLR2 signaling. The 5′-flanking region of DEFB4 contains several NF-κB binding motifs, but their NTHi-specific activity remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate molecular mechanism involved in DEFB4 regulation, focusing on the role of the distal NF-κB binding motif of DEFB4 responding to NTHi. Here, we show that the human middle ear epithelial cells up-regulate DEFB4 expression in response to NTHi via NF-κB activation mediated by IκKα/β−IκBα signaling. Deletion of the distal NF-κB binding motif led to a significant reduction in NTHi-induced DEFB4 up-regulation. A heterologous construct containing the distal NF-κB binding motif was found to increase the promoter activity in response to NTHi, indicating a NTHi-responding enhancer activity of the distal NF-κB binding motif. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that the p65 domain of NF-κB binds to the distal NF-κB binding motif in response to NTHi. Taken together, our results suggest that NTHi-induced binding of p65 NF-κB to the distal NF-κB binding motif of DEFB4 enhances NTHi-induced DEFB4 regulation in epithelial cells.     

非水介质中脂肪酶催化的手性拆分研究进展

脂肪酶催化的外消旋体动力学拆分是不对称催化领域中极具吸引力且发展非常迅速的重要技术。对这一领域的最新研究进展进行了调研,并将注意力集中于脂肪酶在非水溶剂中的应用。引用最近五年中的一些文献案例,说明了脂肪酶作为立体选择性生物催化剂在外消旋体拆分中的多样化功能和应用。     

十七种虫草的子实体培育研究

在过去的12年间,分离得到20余种虫草无性型,对其中十七种虫草无性型进行了人工诱发虫草子座的试验,结果表明:蜂头虫草Cordycepssphecocephala、亚黄蜂虫草C.oxycephala、蚂蚁草C.myrmecophila、蛹虫草C.militaris、拟细虫草C.gracilioides和布氏虫草C.brongniatii等6种人工培养的虫草观察到了成熟的子囊壳并弹射了子囊孢子;古尼虫草小孢变种C.gunniivar.minor、球孢虫草C.bassiana、戴氏虫草C.taii、蚁虫草C.formicarum、蝽虫草C.nutans、长座虫草C.longissima、台湾虫草C.formosana和双梭孢虫草近似种C.bifusisporaaff.长出了许多的未成熟的子座或孢梗束;而冬虫夏草C.sinensis、沫蝉虫草C.tricentri和细虫草C.gracilis未能培育出子实体。其中蚁虫草和亚黄蜂虫草的人工成功培育子实体为首次报道。