973项目与国家重点实验室互动模式探讨

本文着重阐述了国家重点基础研究项目(973项目)与国家重点实验室互动的专业特性和管理特性,并通过以国家973创伤项目与创伤烧伤与复合伤国家重点实验室在人才、实验设备、科技资源共享方面的运行模式,初步总结其管理、合作、互动的有利建设经验,有望更好地提高国家资源的整体整合,并为适应新世纪学科发展,对加强群体创新和组织管理创新进行了有益的思考。     

Changes in the binding of copper in the plasma of molybdenum supplemented rats

After incubating plasma of Mo-supplemented rats (Mo-plasma) with ⁶⁴Cu only part of it could be removed by dialysis against EDTA or histidine or by treatment with dithiocarbamate; this nondialyzable Cu was shown to be bound to albumin. The maximal amount of ⁶⁴Cu bound this way equaled the Mo-induced increase in total plasma Cu. After addition of stable Cu dialysis of Mo-plasma against a histidine solution showed that no extra Cu became tightly bound, suggesting that the ⁶⁴Cu binding was due to an exchange between added ⁶⁴Cu and stable Cu already present. Incubating Mo-plasma with Hg compounds prevented ⁶⁴Cu binding and released stable Cu, indicating that Cu in Mo-plasma was sulfhydryl bound. Part of the Mo in Mo-plasma was freely dialyzable. The remaining part was shown to be SH bound as well. The estimated atomic ratio of SH-bound Cu and Mo was unity. Molybdenum increased the number of SH groups in plasma, and for each Cu atom at least one SH group was calculated to be present.     

Kinetic study of reduction of [Tc(V)OBr5]2− in concentrated HBr

Pertechnetate is rapidly reduced in concentrated (8.7 M) HBr to Tc(V). Subsequently reduction to give TcBr₆^2? is a slow process. The kinetics of this last process have been investigated. They indicated a combination of first and zero order reactions in the presence of the high HBr concentration. The first order rate constant was 4.8 × 10^?2 h^?1, and the zero order process constant was 6.0 × 10^?6 mol l^?1 h^?1.     

Molecular regulation of cognitive functions and developmental plasticity: impact of GABAA receptors

By controlling spike timing and sculpting neuronal rhythms, inhibitory interneurons play a key role in regulating neuronal circuits and behavior. The pronounced diversity of GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acid) interneurons is paralleled by an extensive diversity of GABAA receptor subtypes. The region- and domain-specific location of these receptor subtypes offers the opportunity to gain functional insights into the role of defined neuronal circuits. These developments are reviewed with regard to the regulation of sleep, anxiety, memory, sensorimotor processing and post-natal developmental plasticity.     

Mice lacking alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase IX demonstrate disappearance of Lewis x structure in brain and increased anxiety-like behaviors

The 3-fucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine [Lewis x (Le(x)), CD15, SSEA-1] carbohydrate structure is expressed on several glycolipids, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans of the nervous system and has been implicated in cell-cell recognition, neurite outgrowth, and neuronal migration during development. To characterize the functional role of Le(x) carbohydrate structure in vivo, we have generated mutant mice that lack alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase IX (Fut9(-/-)). Fut9(-/-) mice were unable to synthesize the Le(x) structure carried on glycoproteins and glycolipids in embryonic and adult brain. However, no obvious pathological differences between wild-type and Fut9(-/-) mice were found in brain. In behavioral tests, Fut9(-/-) mice exhibited increased anxiety-like responses in dark-light preference and in elevated plus maze tests. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the number of calbindin-positive neurons was decreased in the basolateral amygdala in Fut9(-/-) mice. These observations indicated that the carbohydrates synthesized by Fut9 play critical roles in functional regulations of interneurons in the amygdalar subdivisions and suggested a role for the Le(x) structure in some aspects of emotional behavior in mice.     

Disgust: the disease-avoidance emotion and its dysfunctions

This review analyses the accumulating evidence from psychological, psychophysiological, neurobiological and cognitive studies suggesting that the disease-avoidance emotion of disgust is a predominant emotion experienced in a number of psychopathologies. Current evidence suggests that disgust is significantly related to small animal phobias (particularly spider phobia), blood-injection-injury phobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder contamination fears, and these are all disorders that have primary disgust elicitors as a significant component of their psychopathology. Disgust propensity and sensitivity are also significantly associated with measures of a number of other psychopathologies, including eating disorders, sexual dysfunctions, hypochondriasis, height phobia, claustrophobia, separation anxiety, agoraphobia and symptoms of schizophrenia--even though many of these psychopathologies do not share the disease-avoidance functionality that characterizes disgust. There is accumulating evidence that disgust does represent an important vulnerability factor for many of these psychopathologies, but when disgust-relevant psychopathologies do meet the criteria required for clinical diagnosis, they are characterized by significant levels of both disgust and fear/anxiety. Finally, it has been argued that disgust may also facilitate anxiety and distress across a broad range of psychopathologies through its involvement in more complex human emotions such as shame and guilt, and through its effect as a negative affect emotion generating threat-interpretation biases.     

比较MoCA和MMSE在卒中后认知功能筛查中的应用

目的：比较蒙特利尔认知评估量表（Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA）和简易智能量表（mini-mental state examination,MMSE）在急性缺血性脑卒中后认知损害筛查中的应用。方法：对65例缺血性脑卒中患者在发病14天内应用简易精神状态检查量表（Mini-mental State Examination,MMSE）和MoCA进行神经心理评估。其中12例患者在发病3-6个月后应用MMSE、MoCA和神经心理成套测验进行神经心理评估。以MMSE〈23分、MoCA〈21为分界值,受教育年限小于12年加1分,文盲加2分。结果：MMSE的平均分值为25.2±4.3,MoCA的平均分值为18.6±5.7。37例患者MoCA评分显示有认知损害,但其中19例患者（29%）MMSE评分显示正常。28例MoCA评估显示认知正常的患者的MMSE评分均显示认知正常。视空间与执行功能、注意和语言重复测试受损最常见,定向和命名受损较少。在3-6个月的随访期内,12例患者中1例诊断为血管性痴呆患者的MoCA的分值上升1分,MMSE分值无变化;5例认知正常患者、3例轻度认知损害无痴呆的患者和3例中度认知损害无痴呆的患者MMSE和MoCA平均分值均有不同程度的上升,视空间与执行功能平均得分值在2次检测中无明显变化。结论：MoCA较MMSE检出血管性认知功能障碍患者敏感性更高,对认知变化更为敏感。     

拔除阻生智齿患者牙科焦虑的调查及分析

目的:了解综合医院口腔科拔除阻生智齿患者牙科焦虑的患病情况并进行相关因素分析。方法:采用牙科焦虑一般因素调查表、改良牙科焦虑量表(MDAS)及状态焦虑量表(S-AI)对300例口腔颌面外科门诊的拔除阻生智齿患者进行调查及评定,同时对引起牙科焦虑的相关因素进行分析。结果:拔除阻生智齿患者牙科焦虑的发生率为56.00%,有6项因素对牙科焦虑症的患病率有影响,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中5项因素对MDAS得分影响较大。结论:牙科焦虑在拔除阻生智齿的患者中较普遍,有多种因素影响患者牙科焦虑的程度。     

Design of delay-dependent state estimator for discrete-time recurrent neural networks with interval discrete and infinite-distributed time-varying delays

The state estimation problem for discrete-time recurrent neural networks with both interval discrete and infinite-distributed time-varying delays is studied in this paper, where interval discrete time-varying delay is in a given range. The activation functions are assumed to be globally Lipschitz continuous. A delay-dependent condition for the existence of state estimators is proposed based on new bounding techniques. Via solutions to certain linear matrix inequalities, general full-order state estimators are designed that ensure globally asymptotic stability. The significant feature is that no inequality is needed for seeking upper bounds for the inner product between two vectors, which can reduce the conservatism of the criterion by employing the new bounding techniques. Two illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approach.