Freeze-fracture study of the lateral-line canal organ of the Japanese sea eel,Lincozymba nystromi

Summary Specializations of apical surfaces of hair cells, supporting cells and marginal cells in the lateral-line canal organ of Japanese sea eel, Lincozymba nystromi, were examined with a freeze-fracture technique. Apical surfaces of hair cells have a lower density of intramembrane particles (IMP) than those of the surrounding supporting cells. Density of IMP on the streocilia is almost the same as that on the apical surface of hair cells. Junctions between hair and supporting cells were tighter than those between two supporting cells; those between supporting and marginal cells were tighter than those between hair and supporting cells, and those between two marginal cells were the tightest in the lateral-line canal organ.     

北柴胡分泌道的超微结构及其挥发油分泌的研究

利用透射电子显微镜技术研究了北柴胡营养器官中分泌道的发育以及挥发油的积累.并重点探讨了挥发油的分泌机制.结果显示.分泌道细胞的质体、细胞基质以及线粒体参与挥发油或其前体物质的合成,而内质网参与挥发油向分泌道腔隙的转运.在分泌道发育的后期,大量小泡与分泌细胞相邻壁的质膜融合,并将其内的物质释放入此部分细胞壁中,与此同时,此部分壁在靠近腔隙的位置结构变得松散.然后围绕腔隙的壁在相邻两分泌细胞相接的位置面向腔隙外突形成许多小泡,并将小泡释放入腔隙中.由此可见.北柴胡分泌道中挥发油主要以胞吐方式被排入分泌道的腔隙中.     

The digestive tube of Piaractus brachypomus: gross morphology,histology/histochemistry of the mucosal layer and the effects of parasitism by Neoechinorhynchus sp.

The objective of the present study was to describe the histology and histochemistry of the mucosal layer of the digestive tube of Piaractus brachypomus, and the histopathology associated with parasitism by Neoechinorhynchus sp. The digestive tube of P. brachypomus consists of three macroscopically distinct portions: short, rectilinear and elastic-walled ooesophagus, J-shaped siphon stomach and a long intestine with rectilinear and curved portions, defined by patterns of villi as foregut, midgut, and hindgut. Histological and histochemical differences were observed in the mucosal layers of the different digestive tube regions, such as intense production of neutral and acidic mucous substances in the pseudostratified mucosal epithelium of the oesophagus; positive periodic acid Schiff reagent (PAS)reactions at the apex of the columnar epithelial cells of the stomach and increased intensity of histochemical reactions in the hindgut region. Neoechinorhynchus sp. was present in 85.7% of specimens examined, with a mean intensity of 7.4 ± 6.2 (±) and abundance of 6.33. Good health of the fish indicated by high relative condition factor values ( _Kn) and occurrence of only mild to moderate alteration in the mucosal layer indicated that Neoechinorhynchus sp. exhibits low pathogenicity towards P. brachypomus hosts in farming environments, with low levels of infection.     

河南济源人工引水渠隧道蝙蝠冬眠生态学特征

2017-2020年期间,每年1月份对河南省济源市邵原镇布袋沟水库人工引水渠隧道内蝙蝠进行冬眠生态学特征调查,共发现2科5属7种蝙蝠在此冬眠,包括马铁菊头蝠（Rhinolophus ferrumequinum）、小菊头蝠（R.pusillus）、华南水鼠耳蝠（Myotis laniger）、白腹管鼻蝠（Murina leucogaster）、金管鼻蝠（Mu.aurata）、奥氏长耳蝠（Plecotus ognevi）和亚洲宽耳蝠（Barbastella leucomelas）。马铁菊头蝠是优势种（约52%-73%的冬眠个体）,其次是小菊头蝠（约19%-37%）、华南水鼠耳蝠（约5%-8%）,其余蝙蝠物种数量不足3%。2017-2020年冬眠蝙蝠个体总数呈增长趋势,但仍少于早期报道的数量。有42个隧道每年均有蝙蝠冬眠,而且不同年度冬眠数量也不尽相同。通过多元线性回归分析发现,隧道长度可能是影响蝙蝠冬眠栖息场所选择的主要影响因子（Adjusted R²=0.208,P=0.001）。每个隧道内,蝙蝠具有不同的冬眠栖点位置,约4/5的蝙蝠选择温暖且环境相对稳定的隧道深处（> 30 m）作为冬眠栖点,超过95%的个体选择长度> 60 m的隧道冬眠。蝙蝠具有不同的冬眠方式,绝大多数个体采用独栖方式进行冬眠（> 90%）,少数采用聚集方式。不同的冬眠栖点和冬眠方式可能有利于冬眠成本优化。此外,栖点温度与蝙蝠体温之间呈显著正相关（R²=0.98,P < 0.001）,而且蝙蝠冬眠期间的栖点温度具有种内和种间差异。研究结果为我国蝙蝠种群保护和冬眠场所管理提供科学依据。     

患子宫内膜炎母猪产道致病菌谱分析及卟啉单胞菌的分离鉴定

【背景】子宫内膜炎是规模化养殖场母猪常患的生殖道疾病之一,对养殖业造成的经济损失较大,细菌感染是常见的病因之一,但具体病原及致病机制尚未完全明确。【目的】探究产道菌群对母猪子宫内膜炎的影响。【方法】采用第三代细菌16S rRNA基因全长高通量测序技术进行对比,研究健康和患有子宫内膜炎母猪产道菌群差异,并依据菌群分析结果对子宫内膜炎母猪产道分泌物进行细菌分离。建立荧光定量PCR计数方法测定母猪产道样品中的卟啉单胞菌数。【结果】健康和患子宫内膜炎母猪产道菌群的丰富度和多样性差异显著;与健康组母猪相比,患子宫内膜炎母猪产道菌群变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门相对丰度显著增加(P<0.05)。在属分类水平上,健康母猪产道的主要优势菌属为金黄杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、毛螺菌属等,这些优势属在患子宫内膜炎母猪产道丰度降低,患子宫内膜炎母猪产道丰度最高的菌属为埃希氏菌属(Escherichia)、Rodentibacter和卟啉单胞菌属(Porphyromonas)。在种水平上,Porphyromonas somerae是患子宫内膜炎母猪产道的主要条件性致病菌。依据菌群分析结果,本研究从子宫内膜炎母猪产道分泌物中分离到一株卟啉单胞菌,经鉴定该菌16S rRNA基因与Porphyromonas somerae DSM 23386 strain JCM 13867(NR_113090.1)相似性达99.04%。荧光定量PCR计数方法测定,子宫内膜炎母猪产道卟啉单胞菌数量显著高于健康母猪(P<0.05),推测卟啉单胞菌与该批次母猪子宫内膜炎病因有关。【结论】本研究为子宫内膜炎母猪的病因和发病机制奠定基础,并为其治疗提供理论依据。     

一次性根管治疗联合清胃散口服对牙髓炎的治疗效果及对疼痛程度影响

摘要 目的：探讨一次性根管治疗联合清胃散口服对牙髓炎的治疗效果及对疼痛程度影响。方法：选取我院2021年1月到2022年12月收治的120例牙髓炎患者,分为观察组与对照组,各60例。对照组患者应用一次性根管治疗,观察组患者应用一次性根管联合清胃散口服治疗,对比两组患者的临床治疗效果,治疗前后咀嚼功能与疼痛程度,白细胞计数（WBC）、降钙素原（PCT）、C反应蛋白（CRP）相关炎症因子水平,并对比两组患者的菌斑指数（PLI）,龈沟出血指数（SBI）、龈沟探诊深度（SPD）、牙龈指数（GI）相关牙周健康指标水平。结果：观察组总有效率为93.33%明显高于对照组总有效率80.00%（P<0.05）;两组患者治疗前咀嚼功能评分与视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分对比无差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后咀嚼功能评分均升高,观察组较对照组高,VAS评分降低,观察组较对照组低（P＜0.05）;两组患者治疗前WBC、PCT、CRP水平对比无差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后均降低,观察组较对照组低（P＜0.05）;两组患者治疗前GI、SPD、SBI、PLI水平对比无差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后均降低,观察组较对照组低（P＜0.05）。结论：一次性根管治疗联合清胃散口服能够改善牙髓炎的临床疗效,提升患者咀嚼功能,减轻疼痛程度,降低机体炎症因子水平,同时能够进一步改善患者牙周健康程度,值得临床应用推广。     

日本血吸虫中国大陆株抱雌沟蛋白编码基因的克隆和表达

根据曼氏血吸虫抱雌沟蛋白SmGcp序列和日本血吸虫编码抱雌沟蛋白保守区的基因片段jGcp1分别设计三对引物,以日本血吸虫中国大陆株成虫mRNA为模板 ,用RT－PCR法扩增出大小为1949bp的基因片段。经序列分析推断该基因片段含编码日本血吸虫抱雌沟蛋白基因的阅读框,与SmGcp碱基一致性为85％,其理论推测氨基酸组成与曼氏血吸虫抱雌沟蛋白的一致性为83．7％。将上述扩增的基因片段克隆到表达载体pET28c( )中,在大肠杆菌BL21中获得表达,融合表达产物分子量约为80kD。利用日本血吸虫成虫抗原免疫血清对该表达产物进行Western印迹检测,在预测位置出现了明显的识别条带,说明该编码日本血吸虫中国大陆株抱雌沟蛋白基因的表达产物具有抗原性。     

Ultrastruktur der Liquorkontaktneurone des Zentralkanals des Rückenmarkes vom Karpfen (Cyprinus carpio)

Zusammenfassung Zwischen und unter den Ependymzellen des Zentralkanals des Rückenmarkes vonCyprinus carpio kommen bipolare Nervenzellen vor. Der eine Fortsatz der Neurone (Liquorkontaktneurone) verläuft zwischen den Ependymzellen hindurch, tritt in den Canalis centralis ein und bildet im Liquor cerebrospinalis eine charakteristische Nervenendigung (Liquorkontakt-Nervenendigung). Diese besteht aus einem zentralen Körper und davon radiär ausstrahlenden zahlreichen Stereozilien, sowie einer Kinozilie. Ein direkter Kontakt zwischen den Liquorkontakt-Nervenendigungen und dem Reissnerschen Faden wurde nicht beobachtet. Der ependymofugale Fortsatz der Neurone hat Axonnatur. Im Perikaryon der Nervenzellen findet man endoplasmatisches Retikulum mit glatter und rauher Oberfläche, freie Ribosomen, Golgi-Areale, sowie Mitochondrien und granulierte Vesikel (Durchmesser 700–1000 Å). Axone, die synaptische und granulierte Bläschen (Durchmesser 700–1000 Å) enthalten, bilden mit den Perikaryen und den zum Zentralkanal verlaufenden Nervenfortsätzen Synapsen. Auf den Ependymzellen konnten stellenweise atypische Zilien beobachtet werden. Der Vergleich der bisher untersuchten Tierarten zeigt, daß die Struktur der spinalen Liquorkontaktneurone von den Fischen bis zu den Säugern prinzipiell gleichartig ist.

---

Ultrastructure of the CSF contacting neurons of the central canal of the spinal cord in the carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Summary Bipolar nerve cells are situated between and below the ependymal cells of the central canal of the spinal cord ofCyprinus carpio. One of the processes of the neurons (CSF contacting neurons) passes by between the ependymal cells into the central canal and forms there a characteristic nerve ending in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF contacting nerve ending). These terminals consist of a central body with numerous stereocilia and one kinocilium. We could not observe any direct contact between the CSF contacting nerve endings and Reissner's fibre. The ependymofugal process of the nerve cells is axon-like. In the perikarya of the CSF contacting neurons, dense-core vesicles (diameter 700–1000 Å) are found besides of smooth and rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, Golgi areas and mitochondria. Axons containing synaptic and granulated vesicles (diameter 700–1000 Å), form synapses with the perikarya and the CSF contacting nerve processes. On the surface of single ependymal cells, atypical cilia could be observed. The comparison of the species studied up to now, shows that the structure of the spinal CSF contacting neurons is principally similar from fishes up to mammals.

     

Structure of Trichomonads as Revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy*†

SYNOPSIS.
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) study of Hypotrichomonas acosta (Moskowitz), Trichomonas vaginalis Donné. Pentatrichomonas hominis (Davaine), and Tritrichomonas foetus (Riedmüller) provided new information about the structure of the periflagellar canal: emergence of the flagella from the cell body; structure of the undulating membrane; and position, shape, and size of the pelta. Of special interest were the spatial relationships of the attached part of the recurrent flagellum and the accessory filament in Hypotrichomonas and in the members of Trichomonadinae, i.e. Trichomonas and Pentatrichomonas.