烟台海防林黑松种群胸径与种实性状关系

为明确黑松海防林种群种子生产动态,以胸径作为年龄和个体大小的度量,对烟台黑松海防林种群胸径与种实性状的关系进行了研究。根据结实黑松的胸径大小及分布比例,将黑松海防林种群分为5个径级（3.5～6.5、6.5～9.5、9.5～12.5、12.5～15.5、15.5～19 cm）, 并分别以5、8、11、14和17 cm作为代表值,对各径级黑松种实性状进行多重比较及回归分析。结果表明：胸径大小对黑松种子生产有显著影响,随胸径增大,其生育力逐渐升高,达到17 cm径级时开始略有下降;种子大小和百粒质量随胸径增大有下降趋势,种翅大小则有所上升,这是黑松种子生产中的一种权衡,种子减小的同时传播能力增强;各径级黑松均以可育种鳞数为预测球果产生种子数量和质量的最有效指标,但可育种鳞数并不能由球果的其他性状(如球果长、宽、干质量以及总鳞片数等)进行很好的预测,说明黑松种子生产为多因素控制过程。     

腈菌唑导致的细胞膜穿孔对斜纹夜蛾SL细胞膜通透性的影响

研究了腈菌唑导致的细胞膜穿孔对离体培养斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura卵巢细胞(SL细胞)膜通透性的影响。结果表明: 腈菌唑可使不能穿过SL细胞膜的大分子物质荧光染料PI大量穿过细胞膜进入胞内,20和40 μg/mL腈菌唑处理后12 h,SL细胞荧光强度增加率分别为11.95%和25.80%;处理后24 h,SL细胞荧光强度增加率分别为27.77%和57.49%。腈菌唑也可明显提高SL细胞内大分子物质乳酸脱氢酶的漏出率,20和40 μg/mL腈菌唑处理SL细胞24 h后,胞内乳酸脱氢酶漏出率分别为30.66%和43.93%;处理后48 h,漏出率分别为41.22%和57.91%。腈菌唑可以明显提高SL细胞胞内钙离子含量,20和40 μg/mL腈菌唑处理SL细胞24和48 h,胞内钙荧光强度与对照差异显著。处理后24 h,腈菌唑对SL细胞的LC₅₀值为35.84 μg/mL,明显高于典型细胞毒剂鱼藤酮的活性。当质量比为1∶1和2∶1时,腈菌唑与鱼藤酮联用对SL细胞处理后24 h的LC₅₀值为43.92和26.09 μg/mL,共毒系数分别为137.60和188.49,增效作用显著,随着腈菌唑的含量增加,增效作用增加。腈菌唑对SL细胞具有良好的抑制作用,可以打通限制物质穿透的细胞膜屏障,提高农药活性成分的有效利用率。     

甜菜夜蛾对氯氟氰菊酯抗性的表皮穿透机理

用三种方法测定了采自南京江浦的甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua对氯氟氰菊酯的抗性。结果表明,抗性水平的次序为3龄幼虫点滴法（5 499.5倍）和5龄幼虫点滴法（3 973.2倍）＞3龄幼虫浸叶法（1 041.6倍）＞5龄幼虫叶片夹毒法（24.7倍）,因此该品系触杀毒力的抗性水平至少为胃毒毒力LD50的160倍。用¹⁴C标记氯氟氰菊酯测定甜菜夜蛾抗性和敏感品系5龄幼虫表皮穿透率结果表明,处理后8h,抗性品系5龄幼虫的表皮穿透率仅为敏感品系幼虫表皮穿透率的55.5%。证实表皮穿透率的降低是产生抗性的一个重要机理。     

苏云金杆菌对甜菜夜蛾毒性的筛选

测定了 10 0株野生型苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株对夜蛾科甜菜夜蛾幼虫的毒力活性 ,经回归分析 ,2 3株对甜菜夜蛾初孵幼虫的毒力与浓度有高相关性 (R >0 .90 ) ,按LC50 计算 ,CN73活性最强 ,LC50 达 2 .393微升培养液 /克饲料 ( μL/g) ;另有 2 3株进行了不同浓度下校正死亡率的比较 ,得到高毒株 13株 ,CN33在 5μL/g浓度下校正死亡率达到 10 0 %。该结果为进一步研究奠定了基础。     

灰翅夜蛾属昆虫的性信息素研究概况

本文从雌蛾性信息素组分鉴定、雄蛾对性信息素的行为反应和性信息素的应用３个方面,综述了灰翅夜蛾属昆虫性信息的研究进展,并展望了此属昆虫性信息素的研究前景。     

草地贪夜蛾幼虫耐饥力及饥饿对其生长发育和繁殖的影响

本文旨在明确草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)幼虫耐饥力及饥饿处理对其生长发育、繁殖力的影响.选取初孵幼虫(幼虫孵化1 h内)、2、4、6、8和10日龄的幼虫进行饥饿处理,测定存活率和存活时间分析其耐饥力;进一步选取8日龄幼虫分别饥饿1、2、3和4d后再复食,分别统计和分析饥饿胁...     

不同营养条件下甜菜夜蛾幼虫感染核型多角体病毒的敏感性及取食趋性

为探讨不同营养条件下甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua对甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒(Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus,SeMNPV)的敏感性及取食行为响应,本研究通过改变甜菜夜蛾人工饲料配方建立高蛋白低糖(简称高蛋白)、中蛋白中糖(简称中蛋白)、低蛋白高...     

Persistence and Effects of Parasitic Genotypes in a Mixed Population of the Spodoptera exigua Nucleopolyhedrovirus

Spod-X, a commercialized bioinsecticide for the control of the pest Spodoptera exigua, is based on a nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) of S. exigua (SeMNPV) isolated in Florida (US2wt). This field isolate is made up of at least seven genotypic variants, of which two (US2C and US2E) have defective genomes and act as parasites, reducing the pathogenicity of the viral population. Upon co-infection of US2wt and a Spanish field isolate of the same virus (SP2wt), persistence of the defective variants (US2C, US2E) in the viral progeny was observed. This persistence diluted the presence of intact, self-infectious genotypes in the progeny, decreasing the pathogenicity of these viral inocula. Further passages of viral occlusion bodies produced after the co-infection revealed that the parasite US2C continued replicating and constituted up to 30% of the viral progeny in some samples. In addition, the presence of US2C within SP2wt significantly decreased the pathogenicity of contaminated inocula by 3.6-fold. The use of foreign virus field isolates containing defective genomes and their possible impact on the biological activity of native NPV populations may be a cause for concern where these viruses are used as agents for biological control.     

草地贪夜蛾核型多角体病毒对我国草地贪夜蛾不同地理种群毒力的比较分析

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith)入侵我国多个地区,逐渐形成地理种群。在草地贪夜蛾核型多角体病毒Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus(SfMNPV)生物农药的生产过程中发现,不同地理来源的宿主对SfMNPV的敏感性和产量存在明显差异,显著影响了SfMNPV的生产效率。为解析其敏感性差异及其产生的原因,本研究首先对云南德宏、广东广州、广西钦州、西藏林芝4个地区草地贪夜蛾种群基因型进行了鉴定,采用生物测定法测试SfMNPV对4龄幼虫的口服毒力,然后,通过向幼虫体内注射草地贪夜蛾核多角体病毒出芽型病毒粒子(budded virions, BVs)的方式,越过口服感染中肠的过程,分析敏感性差异发生的阶段。最后比较了高敏感和低敏感种群中肠肠液pH,并基于16S rDNA测序测定了肠道菌群组成。结果表明,广西种群属于纯合玉米型,其余种群为带有水稻型COI标记的杂合玉米型。广西种群对SfMNPV的口服敏感性最低,西藏种群的敏感性最高,但两者注射BV后死亡率差异无统计学意义,暗示病毒敏感性差异...     

Interactions of allelochemicals with dietary constituents: effects on deterrency

Abstract. That variation in the water and nutrient content of plant tissues affects allelochemical toxicity to insects is well established. However, little is known about how these dietary constituents influence allelochemical deterrency. In vertebrates, deterrency of particular allelochemicals increases with dietary water, and decreases with an increase in dietary nutrients. We determined if these findings were relevant to phytophagous insects through an experimental design that allowed us to vary independently the content of water (70–90% fresh mass, fm, with nutrient level at 10% fm) and nutrients (10–30% fm with water level at 70% or 80% fm) in an artificial diet through use of alphacel, a non-nutritive cellulose fibre. We examined the effect of these dietary manipulations on allelochemical deterrency by comparing larval feeding responses of two noctuid species, the oligophagous Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner and the polyphagous Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), to a control diet and an allelochemical-treated diet in two consecutive, no-choice tests. These tests were restricted to 3 min to minimize post-ingestive influences. From an initial twelve compounds tested, all but two were excluded for the following reasons: (i) failure to elicit an intermediate level of deterrency at <1% fm (i.e. albizziin, amygdalin, hordenine, ouabain, pipecolic acid, salicin, sinigrin and umbelliferone); (ii) an apparently rapid toxic effect (nicotine hydrogen tartrate); and (iii) adsorption to alphacel (quinine hydrochloride), which may have reduced deterrency. The deterrency of caffeine and linamarin increased with dietary water but was unaffected by nutrient content for both species. The similar results for an alkaloid and a cyanogenic glycoside, with two species differing considerably in feeding habits, suggest that dietary water is likely to influence the defensive efficacy of a broader range of deterrent allelochemicals to a variety of plant-feeding insects.