早期糖尿病肾病大鼠模型磁共振弥散加权成像的初步研究

目的:探讨早期糖尿病肾病(Diabetic nephropathy,DN)模型大鼠磁共振弥散加权成像(Diffusion Weight Imaging,DWI)肾实质ADC值变化规律。方法:将20只清洁级雄性SD大鼠随机分成两组,糖尿病肾病组(DN组)12只,正常对照组(NC组)8只;DN组给予60 mg/kg链尿佐菌素腹腔注射诱导糖尿病肾病模型,NC组按照相同方法、相同剂量柠檬酸缓冲液腹腔注射;并对最终糖尿病模型造模成功并且存活的8只DN大鼠、8只NC大鼠进行MRI扫描,包括常规轴位T1WI、T2WI扫描及DWI扫描;扫描结束后收集血液送血肌酐及双肾组织进行病理检查。并测量每只大鼠双肾皮、髓质的ADC值。结果:造模后,DN组大鼠血糖明显升高、尿量明显增加、体重明显减低,DN组大鼠肾脏出现不同程度病理损伤,符合早期DN病理改变。DN组大鼠肾脏皮、髓质ADC值分别为1.522±0.913×10^-3 mm^2/s、1.268±0.388×10^-3 mm^2/s,较NC组肾脏皮、髓质ADC值1.276±0.341×10^-3 mm^2/s、1.011±0.217×10^-3 mm^2/s增高,两组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:DWI成像ADC值可能反映早期糖尿病肾病肾脏功能的变化。     

Comparing the plant virus spread patterns of non-persistently transmitted virus and persistently transmitted virus using an individual-based model

To compare the spread patterns between two types of plant viruses, non-persistent virus (NPV) and persistent virus (PV), we developed a spatially-explicit individual-based model. Our probability-based model is driven by the actions of insect vectors that are affected by interactions with host plants and plant viruses, considering both biological and behavioral components of their relationship. As a model system, we used potato virus y and potato leafroll virus, respectively for NPV and PV, potato for host plant, and Myzus persicae for the insect vector; empirical results from previous studies were acquired and adjusted to be used as our parameter values. Our simulation results showed that initial infection of PV in the field resulted in over 1.3 times greater number of insect vectors while causing approximately 7 times greater number of virus-infected plants compared to NPV by the end of simulation. Furthermore, spatial analysis showed that PV-infected plants showed greater aggregation in the field, forming larger patches compared to NPV-infected plants. Our results demonstrated the importance of host plant and insect vector manipulation by plant viruses as well as biological properties such as infectious period in the insect on the difference in overall spread pattern.     

Evaluation of oil dispersion formulation of nematophagus fungus,Pochonia chlamydosporia against root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne incognita in cucumber

Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita is considered as one of the major non-insect pests of crops. The management of these root feeders becomes highly challenging due to a strong host-parasitic relationship. Pochonia chlamydosporia is a nematophagus fungus that colonizes eggs of nematodes. This study aimed to test the efficacy of P. chlamydosporia (NAIMCC-SF0039) against M. incognita. An oil dispersion formulation of P. chlamydosporia was prepared using emulsifiers and vegetable oil. This formulation had a shelf-life of 90 days (3.3 × 10⁸ CFU/mL) at room temperature (28 ± 1 °C). The inhibitory effect of oil formulation was tested against M. incognita by inoculating it on the egg mass. We found that colonization of the gelatinous matrix occurred on the third day of inoculation followed by complete egg parasitization on the seventh day. A greenhouse trial was laid out to evaluate the biocontrol potential of P. chlamydosporia in cucumber (Cucumis sativus). The results showed that the application of talc formulation of P. chlamydosporia at the rate of 1 kg per acre during planting, followed by delivery of 1 L of oil dispersion formulation through drip lines at 30-day intervals caused the highest reduction of nematode infestation. This treatment recorded 67.9 and 57.5% reduction in egg masses and soil nematode population respectively than that of control.     

An ex-situ and in vitro approach towards the bioremediation of carcinogenic hexavalent chromium

Abstract

Chromium, ranking the second most among toxic heavy metal pollutants in the world, causing respiratory, cardiovascular and renal problems in human beings is under study herein. We examined the biological remediation of the carcinogenic Cr (VI) polluted soils by indigenous yeast isolates. The total element analysis of the treated sample was determined by Energy Dispersion X-ray Micro Analysis (EDXMA). The sample under study was observed to have a high concentration of 458.29 mgKg^?1 Cr (VI), determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and DPC analysis. The most tolerant isolate designated as CSR was used for in vitro and ex-situ bioremediation studies of Cr (VI). The isolate achieved significant bioremediation of 86% in vitro and 75.12% in ex-situ method. The optimal conditions for in vitro bioremediation were found to be 28?°C and a pH of 6. The ITS1, 5.8S rRNA and D1, D2 domain of LSU rRNA gene characterization of the isolate CSR illustrated that it belongs to Ustilago genera. The isolate was deposited in NCBI GenBank as Ustilago sp. CSR (KY284846). Although, Ustilago is generally a pathogenic fungus, our study opens up the scope of using Ustilago spp. for bioremediation of the carcinogenic heavy metal Chromium.     

大熊猫与同域动物在海拔分布上的生态位分化

大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）是中国的特有物种,其成功放归可能受放归地气候、栖息地、同域动物等多种因素的影响。本研究在野外调查的基础上,基于生态位理论等方法,探讨了栗子坪国家级自然保护区大熊猫与其大中型同域动物的空间关系。调查结果表明,该保护区内大熊猫同域动物共20种,分别属于2纲5目,其中东洋型分布物种占优势（30%）。大熊猫同域动物分布海拔显著低于大熊猫的分布海拔（P＜0.05）,大熊猫分别与灵长目等5个目的动物在海拔分布上均存在显著的生态位分化（P＜0.001）。灵长目动物在空间分布上与大熊猫分布相异,而其他目的动物与大熊猫空间分布类似。偶蹄目动物痕迹数量占比最高（54.14 %）,而食肉目的小熊猫与大熊猫样线共同遇见率达到了43.75%。本研究结果表明,该地大熊猫同域动物较为丰富,在海拔分布上与大熊猫存在生态位分化。该研究可为圈养大熊猫的放归提供参考依据。     

野化培训大熊猫的生境利用和空间格局

了解动物栖息地和空间利用模式是开展野生动物放归自然的重要前提。为明确野化培训大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）在野外环境中生境利用特征和空间格局,本文以2只野化培训大熊猫为研究对象,基于其野外GPS项圈数据,通过数字高程模型（DEM）、动物移动模块等工具分析其在野外环境中栖息地利用状况。结果表明：随着在野外环境时间的增加,2只大熊猫由低海拔西南坡的阔叶林逐渐向高海拔南坡针阔混交林区域移动,且坡度利用也存在明显的差异,但均偏向在17°~20°的平缓区域活动。在野外环境的最初一个月,2只大熊猫平均日移动距离较大,之后逐渐减小并趋于稳定。2只野化培训大熊猫在野外环境初期,活动区域大小随时间的变化而呈现出无规律的变化趋势,活动区域主要集中在3~4个栖息地斑块,且斑块间面积和距离各异。因此,认为野化培训大熊猫在野外栖息地环境初期属于不稳定的随机选择模式。     

神经节苷脂钠对缺血性脑卒中小鼠空间学习记忆能力的影响

摘要 目的：探讨神经节苷脂钠对缺血性脑卒中小鼠空间学习记忆能力的影响。方法：缺血性脑卒中小鼠模型(n=42)随机分为三组-模型组、氟西汀组与神经节苷脂钠组,每组14只小鼠。氟西汀组、神经节苷脂钠组、对照组分别给予10 mg/kg氟西汀与10 mg/kg神经节苷脂钠、等剂量生理盐水腹腔注射,1次/d,持续28 d。结果：氟西汀组、神经节苷脂钠组给药第7 d、14 d、28 d的逃避潜伏期、改良神经损伤严重程度评分(Modified neurological severity score,mNSS)低于模型组(P<0.05),穿越平台次数高于模型组(P<0.05),神经节苷脂钠组与氟西汀组对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。氟西汀组、神经节苷脂钠组给药第28 d的海马组织B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)蛋白相对表达水平高于模型组(P<0.05),BCL2-Associated X(Bax)蛋白相对表达水平、脑卒中相对面积低于模型组(P<0.05),神经节苷脂钠组与氟西汀组对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：神经节苷脂钠在缺血性脑卒中小鼠的应用能促进恢复空间学习记忆能力,缓解神经损伤,抑制海马组织神经元细胞的凋亡,降低脑卒中面积。     

花苜蓿小尺度空间遗传结构研究

以花苜蓿（Medicago ruthenica Trautv.）为材料,在内蒙古克什克腾旗建立两个25 m×50 m的样方（山谷YF1和山坡YF2）,采集该范围内的所有个体,利用8对SSR分子标记对其遗传变异特性进行分析。结果显示,克什克腾旗花苜蓿居群遗传多样性较高。两个居群个体的空间自相关分析结果表明,9 m内的个体间为非随机邻近交配,且在同距离范围内,山谷居群的个体间遗传相似性更低,推测此区域可能是历史和地理因素塑造了花苜蓿丰富的遗传多样性,两个小尺度空间格局的个体间基因流模式主要受地形影响。     

Azione della Cinetina sulla Degradazione della Clorofilla in Foglie di Orzo Irradiate

Abstract

The effects of kinetin on chlorophyll breakdown in irradiated barley leaves. — Kinetin is shown to inhibit the breakdown of chlorophyll in isolated barley leaves. Moreover the kinetin is shown to inhibit, even if with lower effect, the chlorophyll breakdown in irradiated barley leaves. This possible correlation of these observations, with kinetin promoted protein synthesis is suggested.