大果榕茎的化学成分(英文)

运用硅胶柱色谱和Sephadex LH-20柱色谱,以及制备薄层色谱等方法从大果榕茎的95%乙醇提取物中分离得到11个化合物,通过理化性质和波谱数据鉴定为:染料木黄酮(1),wighteone(2),5,7,4’,trihydroxy-6-(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-butenyl)isoflavone(3),5,7,4’-trihydroxy-3’-(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-butenyl)isoflavone(4),alpin-umisoflavone(5),derrone(6),(3R)-5-formylmellein(7),3β-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-7-hydroxy-1-isobenzofuranone(8),反式对羟基肉桂酸乙酯(9),β-谷甾醇(10),β-胡萝卜苷(11)。化合物4,7,8,9为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物1-10为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

White adipose tissue genome wide-expression profiling and adipocyte metabolic functions after soy protein consumption in rats

Obesity is associated with an increase in adipose tissue mass due to an imbalance between high dietary energy intake and low physical activity; however, the type of dietary protein may contribute to its development. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of soy protein versus casein on white adipose tissue genome profiling, and the metabolic functions of adipocytes in rats with diet-induced obesity. The results showed that rats fed a Soy Protein High-Fat (Soy HF) diet gained less weight and had lower serum leptin concentration than rats fed a Casein High-Fat (Cas HF) diet, despite similar energy intake. Histological studies indicated that rats fed the Soy HF diet had significantly smaller adipocytes than those fed the Cas HF diet, and this was associated with a lower triglyceride/DNA content. Fatty acid synthesis in isolated adipocytes was reduced by the amount of fat consumed but not by the type of protein ingested. Expression of genes of fatty acid oxidation increased in adipose tissue of rats fed Soy diets; microarray analysis revealed that Soy protein consumption modified the expression of 90 genes involved in metabolic functions and inflammatory response in adipose tissue. Network analysis showed that the expression of leptin was regulated by the type of dietary protein and it was identified as a central regulator of the expression of lipid metabolism genes in adipose tissue. Thus, soy maintains the size and metabolic functions of adipose tissue through biochemical adaptations, adipokine secretion, and global changes in gene expression.     

Effect of soy skim from soybean aqueous processing on the performance of corn ethanol fermentation

The feasibility of using soy skim, a co-product of the aqueous processing of soybeans, in ethanol production from corn was evaluated. Specific growth rates were compared when Saccharomyces cerevisiae was grown in soy skim and peptone-yeast extract media supplemented with glucose. Such soy skim was proved to be a good nitrogen source for yeast growth. Next, fermentation of dry-ground corn to ethanol using soy skim as the media was simulated on 1.5-L scale. Replacing water with soy skim increased the initial ethanol production rates by 4-32% while final ethanol yield was about 39 g/100 g dry corn, similar to the result when water was used. Solid and protein contents in the finished beer increased with the addition of soy skim. Thus, replacing water in corn-ethanol fermentation with soy skim is feasible, and may improve the economics of both aqueous soybean processing and corn ethanol fermentation.     

Development of reproducible assays for polygalacturonase and pectinase

Polygalacturonase and pectinase activities reported in the literature were measured by several different procedures. These procedures do not give comparable results, partly owing to the complexity of the substrates involved. This work was aimed at developing consistent and efficient assays for polygalacturonase and pectinase activities, using polygalacturonic acid and citrus pectin, respectively, as the substrate. Different enzyme mixtures produced by Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei with different inducing carbon sources were used for the method development. A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the incubation time, substrate concentration, and enzyme dilution. Accordingly, for both assays the recommended (optimal) hydrolysis time is 30 min and substrate concentration is 5 g/L. For polygalacturonase, the sample should be adjusted to have 0.3–0.8 U/mL polygalacturonase activity, because in this range the assay outcomes were consistent (independent of dilution factors). Such a range did not exist for the pectinase assay. The recommended procedure is to assay the sample at multiple (at least 2) dilution factors and determine, by linear interpolation, the dilution factor that would release reducing sugar equivalent to 0.4 g/L d-galacturonic acid, and then calculate the activity of the sample accordingly (dilution factor × 0.687 U/mL). Validation experiments showed consistent results using these assays. Effects of substrate preparation methods were also examined.     

Growth of the salt-tolerant yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii in microtiter plates: effects of NaCl,pH and temperature on growth and fusel alcohol production from branched-chain amino acids

Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, a salt-tolerant yeast isolated from the soy sauce process, produces fusel alcohols (isoamyl alcohol, active amyl alcohol and isobutyl alcohol) from branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine, respectively) via the Ehrlich pathway. Using a high-throughput screening approach in microtiter plates, we have studied the effects of pH, temperature and salt concentration on growth of Z. rouxii and formation of fusel alcohols from branched-chain amino acids. Application of minor variations in pH (range 3-7) and NaCl concentrations (range 0-20%) per microtiter plate well allowed a rapid and detailed evaluation of fermentation conditions for optimal growth and metabolite production. Conditions yielding the highest cell densities were not optimal for fusel alcohol production. Maximal fusel alcohol production occurred at low pH (3.0-4.0) and low NaCl concentrations (0-4%) at 25 degrees C. At pH 4.0-6.0 and 0-18% NaCl, considerable amounts of alpha-keto acids, the deaminated products from the branched-chain amino acids, accumulated extracellularly. The highest cell densities were obtained in plates incubated at 30 degrees C. The results obtained under various incubation conditions with (deep-well) microtiter plates were validated in Erlenmeyer shake-flask cultures.     

染料木素体外抑制人低密度脂蛋白氧化修饰作用

为探讨染料木素对人低密度脂蛋白(LDL)氧化修饰的影响,采用铜离子(10 umol/L)体外氧化LDL的方法,观察大豆异黄酮主要成分染料木素(genistein)对LDL氧化过程中脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量和维生素E(VitE)水平的影响。结果:10 umol/LCuSO4与100 mg/L LDL共同孵育18 h,MDA含量明显升高,VitE含量明显降低,染料木素(0.25、1.25、2.5、12.5、25、50、125、250 umol/L)能显著降低MDA含量,升高VitE含量(P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.02),且呈剂量依赖性。提示一定浓度范围的染料木素体外有抗LDL氧化修饰作用。     

高产大豆异黄酮糖苷水解酶菌株的发酵工艺研究*

Absidia sp．R是从酒曲中分离出的一株产大豆异黄酮糖苷水解酶活性较高的菌株。该菌最佳产酶条件为：2．5％的麦麸为碳源,1％的硝酸钠为氮源,培养基起始pH为7．0,瓶装量为40mL/250mL,接种量8％,培养温度为30℃,转数为160r／min,培养时间为84h,其酶活力可达到82U／mL。除Cu^2 对该菌产酶有较强的抑制作用外,金属离子对产酶影响不大。     

酱醪细菌菌株的分离及功能分析

【目的】分离获得来源于酱醪的细菌,考察菌株与酱油品质相关的特性,初步评价其应用于酱油发酵的潜力。【方法】从日式酱油发酵的酱醪体系中分离和筛选优势或特征细菌菌株,比较它们的耐盐性及其在高盐条件下产蛋白酶、有机酸、挥发性物质和氨基酸等的能力。【结果】从日式酱油酱醪中共分离得到9株细菌,分别属于魏斯氏菌(Weissella)、乳酸足球菌(Pediococcus)、乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus)、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)、四联球菌(Tetragenococcus)和葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus)属。其中耐盐的细菌有类肠膜魏斯氏菌(Weissella paramesenteroides)CQ03、嗜酸乳酸足球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)JY07、戊糖乳酸足球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus)JY08、葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus sp.)JY09和嗜盐四联球菌(Tetragenococcus halophilus)MRS1。在高盐条件下,对它们的特性分析表明:解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)B2产蛋白酶和糖化酶的能力较强,W.paramesenteroides CQ03可水解原料产生较多鲜味氨基酸,T.halophilus MRS1产有机酸能力较强,它和S.sp.JY09代谢产生的挥发性物质较多。【结论】筛选得到9株在促进原料水解和提高风味物质合成方面有潜力的菌株,如果应用到酱油工业生产中,将有利于缩短发酵周期,提高酱油品质。     

食用真菌发酵豆浆过程中对豆浆中几种生物活性物质的影响

本实验以灵芝、金耳以及冬虫夏草作为发酵菌种,选用豆浆为基本原料配制培养基,在发酵过程中定时取样并测定其中几种生物活性物质的含量,分析各生物活性物质在发酵过程中的变化。研究结果表明,三种食用真菌发酵豆浆的发酵液中总游离型大豆异黄酮含量在发酵过程中均缓慢上升并分别在发酵72 h、24 h和36 h达到最高,与发酵初期相比分别增加了31.81μg/m L、19.05μg/m L和15.71μg/m L;三种食用真菌发酵液中蛋白质含量随着发酵时间的推移而降低的同时氨基酸含量均有增加,且发酵液中的肽主要是分子量范围在300 Da~1 500 Da之间的具有较高生物活性的小分子肽,发酵液中的必需氨基酸含量以及占总氨基酸含量的比值均有增加。本实验探究了食用真菌发酵豆浆过程中生物活性物质的变化,为日后的富集游离型大豆异黄酮、多肽以及氨基酸等生物活性物质实验提供依据,并为工业化生产提供实践基础。     

Efficacy of bi-valent whole cell inactivated bacterial vaccine against Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) in cultured catfishes (Heteropneustes fossilis,Clarias batrachus and pangasius pangasius) in Bangladesh

The Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) is an important disease of cultured catfishes (Heteropneustes fossilis, Clarias batrachus and Pangasius pangasius), caused by different species of Aeromonas bacteria which have been documented to be higher death rates (≤70%) in Bangladesh since 2016. Present study was conducted to develop bi-valent vaccine using A. hydrophila and A. veronii, and to validate their efficacy via intra-muscular (IM) and oral-routes of immunization in selected species of fishes. Brood fishes of the three species were immunized with three doses of inactivated vaccine (10⁷ CFU /2.3 mg/ml). Hematological parameters of brood fishes and antibody levels (IgM) of broods, their larvae and eggs were determined by ELISA. Additionally, Relative Percent Survivability (RPS) and the IgM levels of the larvae after challenge with virulent A. hydrophila and A. veronii were also evaluated. Findings of this study showed that the lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes counts and antibody (IgM) titre of brood fishes, larvae and eggs from the vaccinated fishes were found significantly higher (p< 0.05) compared to the un-vaccinated control groups. Alternatively, antibody levels (IgM) in the larvae of vaccinated group of brood fishes fed with antigen coated feed was exhibited to be remarkably higher (p< 0.05) than the antigen non-fed group. The RPS of larvae of Shing (91.24 ± 2.00%), Magur (88.09 ± 2.88%) and Pangas (93.17 ± 1.52%) was found to be higher in the larvae at 20-day age of vaccinated group compared to non-vaccinated brood fishes group. Findings of this study indicated that the active immunization of brood fishes followed by oral immunization of their larvae feeding with antigen coated feed showed synergistic effect in protecting cultured Shing, Magur and Pangas fishes from frequent attack with Aeromonas spp at any age of their lifetime.