氮素水平对初花后棉株生物量、氮素累积特征及氮素利用率动态变化的影响

在大田栽培条件下,分别在长江流域下游棉区(江苏南京)和黄河流域黄淮棉区(河南安阳)设置棉花氮素水平试验,定量研究氮素水平对花后棉株生物量、氮素累积特征及氮素累积利用率动态变化的影响,结果表明:棉株总生物量和氮素累积量随花后棉株生育进程的动态变化符合S型曲线,安阳、南京试点分别以360kg.hm-2、240kg.hm-2氮素水平的总生物量、氮素累积最多,其动态累积模型的特征参数值最为协调,皮棉产量最高。因此,可以通过改变施肥量来调节初花后棉株生长特征值,从而获得高产。棉株氮素累积利用率随初花后棉花生育进程的推进,呈现为不规则的S型曲线变化趋势,计算两试点的氮素累积利用率、瞬时利用率,安阳试点以360 kg.hm-2的施氮水平为最优,南京以240 kg.hm-2最高;施肥过多不仅利用率低,而且易造成营养器官比例加大,棉株虽可获得较大的干物质和氮素累积,但不能适时向生殖器官转移,皮棉产量降低。     

TK1与LDH联合检测对非霍奇金淋巴瘤鉴别诊断及疗效评估的作用

目的:探讨联合检测血清胸苷激酶1(TK1)与乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平在非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)患者鉴别诊断及疗效监测中的临床意义。方法:收集2016年1月至2018年6月我院诊治的111例非霍奇金淋巴瘤的初诊患者血清标本,并选择50例正常人血清标本作为对照,采用免疫印迹增强发光法检测TK1浓度,比色法检测LDH浓度。所有患者随访至少1年,分析和比较惰性NHL与侵袭性NHL及各自四类分期之间血清TK1和LDH水平的差异,化疗后完全缓解、部分缓解与未缓解组LDH水平以及NHL患者中血清TK1和LDH的阳性率。结果:高度侵袭性NHL患者和侵袭性NHL患者血清TKI和LDH水平与惰性NHL患者相比显著增高(P0.05),但惰性NHL患者血清TK1和LDH水平与正常组之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);Ⅲ、Ⅳ期侵袭性NHL患者血清TK1和LDH水平与Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者相比显著增高(P0.05)。与化疗前相比,四次化疗后,完全缓解组NHL患者血清LDH水平下降21.05%,部分缓解组为16.66%,病情稳定组血清LDH水平升高至11.54%,三组NHL患者血清LDH水平比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.008),两组之间的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:联合检测血清TK1和LDH水平对于NHL患者的鉴别诊断、疗效评估均具有重要参考价值。     

An analysis of determinants of amino acids substitution rates in bacterial proteins

The variation of amino acid substitution rates in proteins depends on several variables. Among these, the protein's expression level, functional category, essentiality, or metabolic costs of its amino acid residues may play an important role. However, the relative importance of each variable has not yet been evaluated in comparative analyses. To this aim, we made regression analyses combining data available on these variables and on evolutionary rates, in two well-documented model bacteria, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. In both bacteria, the level of expression of the protein in the cell was by far the most important driving force constraining the amino acids substitution rate. Subsequent inclusion in the analysis of the other variables added little further information. Furthermore, when the rates of synonymous substitutions were included in the analysis of the E. coli data, only the variable expression levels remained statistically significant. The rate of nonsynonymous substitution was shown to correlate with expression levels independently of the rate of synonymous substitution. These results suggest an important direct influence of expression levels, or at least codon usage bias for translation optimization, on the rates of nonsynonymous substitutions in bacteria. They also indicate that when a control for this variable is included, essentiality plays no significant role in the rate of protein evolution in bacteria, as is the case in eukaryotes.     

氰戊菊酯在茶叶和茶汤中的残留动态及最大残留限量评价

在生长均匀的茶园喷施氰戊菊酯(fenvalerate),采摘施药后2 h和1 h、2 h、3 h、5 h、7 h、9 h、14 h、21天的茶树鲜叶加工成绿茶,用气相色谱法测定成茶、茶汤和茶渣中反式氰戊菊酯和顺式氰戊菊酯的含量,研究了氰戊菊酯在成茶、茶汤中的残留动态。结果表明:反式氰戊菊酯和顺式氰戊菊酯在成茶中的残留水平随施药间隔天数的增加呈下降趋势,20 mL/667 m2施药剂量下,分别由施药当天2 h的9.40 mg/kg和17.51 mg/kg减小到第21天的1.07 mg/kg和1.53 mg/kg,消解幅度为88.62%和91.26%,40 mL/667 m2施药剂量下,分别由施药当天2 h的20.37 mg/kg和38.67 mg/kg减小到第21天的1.94 mg/kg和3.06 mg/kg,消解幅度为90.49%和92.09%。茶汤中氰戊菊酯含量(y)与成茶中氰戊菊酯含量(x)呈二项式函数关系,反式氰戊菊酯的函数关系为y=-0.0007x2 0.0242x,顺式氰戊菊酯的函数关系为y=-0.0002x2 0.0114x。按我国标准饮茶摄入的氰戊菊酯占每日允许摄入量的0.049%,足以达到保护人体健康水平的要求。而按欧盟的标准,饮茶摄入的氰戊菊酯占每日允许摄入量的0.0019%,即在10-5水平上,这样的风险水平已接近对非阈效应化学物质的风险控制水平(10-6)。     

高砷区植物的生态与化学特征

 土壤砷污染是一种十分严重的环境问题,但目前尚无经济有效的治理方法。利用各种重金属的耐性与富集植物修复重金属污染土壤是当前的研究热点。通过对两个中国典型的砷矿区（炼砷区）土壤与植物的系统调查与采样分析,发现若干种植物对砷具有极强的耐性和不同程度的富集能力。砷在不同植物中的含量分别为：蜈蚣草（Pteris vittata）羽片1 600 mg·kg-1 DW,剑叶凤尾蕨(Pteris ensiformis)地上部1 230 mg·kg-1 DW,酸模(Rumex acetosa)地上部 440 mg·kg-1     

定坤丹对多囊卵巢综合征患者性激素水平、胰岛素抵抗及妊娠情况的影响

目的:探讨定坤丹对多囊卵巢综合征患者性激素水平、胰岛素抵抗及妊娠情况的的影响。方法:选择2016年5月至2018年5月我院收治的210例多囊卵巢综合征患者,根据随机化原则将其分为两组,每组105例。对照组患者接受达英-35与二甲双胍治疗,研究组在对照组的基础上口服定坤丹治疗。连续治疗3个月后,比较两组治疗前后的性激素水平及胰岛各相关指标的变化。治疗结束后随访1年,比较两组的排卵及妊娠情况。结果:与治疗前相比,两组治疗后的血清睾酮(Testosterone,T)、黄体生成素(Luteinizing hormone,LH)及LH/FSH均明显降低,且研究组以上指标均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗前后的卵泡刺激素(Follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)水平比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。与治疗前相比,两组治疗后的空腹胰岛素(Fasting insulin,FINS)、餐后2 h胰岛素(Postprandial 2 hours insulin,2hPINS)及β细胞胰岛素分泌功能(Homeostasis model assessment ofβcell,HOMA-β)均明显升高,胰岛素敏感指数(Homeostasis model assessment-Insulin sensitivity index,HOMA-IS)明显降低,且研究组以上指标较对照组改善更明显(P<0.05)。研究组排卵及成功妊娠率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:定坤丹有助于改善多囊卵巢综合征患者性激素水平及胰岛素抵抗,提高排卵及妊娠率。     

Evolutionary dynamics of retrotransposons following autopolyploidy in the Buckler Mustard species complex

Long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR‐RTs) represent a major fraction of plant genomes, but processes leading to transposition bursts remain elusive. Polyploidy expectedly leads to LTR‐RT proliferation, as the merging of divergent diploids provokes a genome shock activating LTR‐RTs and/or genetic redundancy supports the accumulation of active LTR‐RTs through relaxation of selective constraints. Available evidence supports interspecific hybridization as the main trigger of genome dynamics, but few studies have addressed the consequences of intraspecific polyploidy (i.e. autopolyploidy), where the genome shock is expectedly minimized. The dynamics of LTR‐RTs was thus here evaluated through low coverage 454 sequencing of three closely related diploid progenitors and three independent autotetraploids from the young Biscutella laevigata species complex. Genomes from this early diverging Brassicaceae lineage presented a minimum of 40% repeats and a large diversity of transposable elements. Differential abundances and patterns of sequence divergence among genomes for 37 LTR‐RT families revealed contrasted dynamics during species diversification. Quiescent LTR‐RT families with limited genetic variation among genomes were distinguished from active families (37.8%) having proliferated in specific taxa. Specific families proliferated in autopolyploids only, but most transpositionally active families in polyploids were also differentiated among diploids. Low expression levels of transpositionally active LTR‐RT families in autopolyploids further supported that genome shock and redundancy are non‐mutually exclusive triggers of LTR‐RT proliferation. Although reputed stable, autopolyploid genomes show LTR‐RT fractions presenting analogies with polyploids between widely divergent genomes.     

Screening of fluoride analysis as a biochemical parameter in the orthodontic treatment using fixed appliances

Saliva is a critical and useful biological fluid necessary for good health and for the appropriate execution of mouth activities. Orthodontic biomaterials have a complex relationship with many components, including the oral environment. Treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances may causes dental caries. As a result, it is necessary to comprehend how orthodontic therapy and various fluoride regimens affect the chances of developing dental cavities as well as individual risk factors. Usage of fluoride will tend to reduce the caries in the patients diagnosed with the fixed orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to screen the biochemical parameter of the fluoride levels in the patients undergone and completed the treatment of orthodontic fixed appliances. In this study, 35 patients have been visited on day 1 as well as day 35 and categorized as T₀ and T₁ groups. Saliva samples were collected and fluoride levels were measured between T₀ and T₁ groups. Using the fluoride kit with the spectrophotometer, fluoride levels were measured. The results confirmed similar fluoride levels between T₀ (26.11 ± 4.86) and T₁ (27.71 ± 4.40) groups. There was no significant association observed in this study (p = 0.56). Fluoride might have no role in the patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.     

Effects of postnatal treatment with naloxone on plasma gonadotropin,prolactin, testosterone and testicular functions in male rats

Opioid peptides are implicated in the control of gonadotropin and prolactin secretion. The role of opioid antagonist naloxone and its effects on plasma gonadotropin, prolactin, testosterone levels and testicular hyaluronidase, acid phosphatase, [³H]uridine and thymidine incorporation, RNA, DNA and protein concentrations were evaluated in rats after administration of naloxone beginning day 1 through 21 and autopsied on 45, 60 and 90 days of age. Plasma gonadotropin and testosterone levels were significantly elevated after naloxone treatment. Testicular hyaluronidase and acid phosphatase activity increased till 60 days post treatment and declined thereafter. Concentrations of RNA and protein did not change significantly but the concentration of DNA declined at 45 and 60 days of age. These results suggest that endogenous opioid peptides exert regulatory influence on gonadotropin secretion which in turn control the testicular function in the male rat.     

地下水位对黄河三角洲柽柳根系生长的影响

为揭示黄河三角洲柽柳根系生长特征对地下水位的响应规律,明确柽柳生长适宜的地下水位,在咸水矿化度（6 g/L）下,模拟设置0、0.3、0.6、0.9、1.2、1.5、1.8 m共7个地下水位。测定分析栽植柽柳土柱的水盐参数与根系生长指标。结果表明：在咸水矿化度下,地下水位可显著影响土壤水盐变化,从而影响柽柳根系的生长。随地下水位的降低,土壤含水量、含盐量和土壤溶液绝对浓度显著降低。在高水位（≤0.6 m）下,柽柳根系生长受水盐胁迫影响显著,柽柳根长、根径、侧根数、总生物量、侧根生物量、根系连接长度均较低,拓扑结构呈叉状分支;中水位（0.9 m）时,土壤水盐条件适宜,柽柳侧根数、根径、二级侧根和毛细根生物量达到最大值,拓扑结构由叉状分支向鱼尾形分支过渡;低水位（≥1.2 m）下,土壤水盐含量低,柽柳根系总生物量、主根生物量、一级侧根生物量和根系平均连接长度在1.2 m水位达到最大值后降低,拓扑结构呈鱼尾形分支。柽柳根系生长与地下水位密切相关,柽柳通过改变根系生长和调整构型来适应不同土壤水盐和地下水位条件。高水位（≤0.6 m）下柽柳以降低根系生长深度,增加分叉,调配各组织器官的生物量来适应水盐胁迫;中水位0.9 m下土壤水盐条件最适宜柽柳生长;低水位（≥1.2 m）下柽柳主要受土壤干旱胁迫而使根系向下生长,增加根系连接长度,以此扩大资源获取效率。柽柳根系生长及根系构型对咸水矿化度下不同地下水位表现出较强的适应性和可塑性。