粤东沿海引种无瓣海桑试验

粤东沿海引种无瓣海桑试验4年的结果表明:该引种区分别比原产地及我国已引种成功的湛江、深圳更北1°08'2°22'和1°06',有其特殊的生长发育、生态适应性等特点以及造林、管护等技术规程,共造林面积243.3hm²,是目前我国该树种引种最北、面积最大、引种最成功的林分.经观测,该林分生长发育正常,在适宜生境下,造林后1年平均树高生长可达2.24m,比乡土树种提前6～7年实现防护作用:造林后一年开花结实,每年2次,能自然更新,1998年9月种植的林分已出现4期自然更新小苗,而且,其抗逆性、经济品质等生物、经济学特性与原产地基本相同.     

人工湿地污水处理系统三种红树植物抗性生理特性

研究了淡水条件下潜流型人工湿地污水处理系统中红树植物海桑、桐花树和木榄的抗性生理特性.结果表明,在为期1年的试验中,人工湿地污水处理系统3种红树植物超氧物歧化(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性持续升高并维持在较高水平,脯氨酸含量在7～9月达到最高水平,质膜透性没有明显的变化规律.对人工湿地与深圳福田自然保护区3种红树植物抗性生理指标进行比较,前者SOD、POD和CAT活性明显低于后者,脯氨酸含量前者明显高于后者,而丙二醛（MDA）含量和质膜透性则两者没有差别.3种红树植物能较好地适应淡水条件下潜流型人工湿地污水处理系统.     

模拟冬季低温和夜间退潮对无瓣海桑幼苗的协同作用

利用人工控制手段,模拟冬季低温和夜间低潮对无瓣海桑幼苗的影响,分析气温-水温协同作用下无瓣海桑幼苗的低温适应机制.结果表明:低温显著抑制了无瓣海桑幼苗株高和基径的增长,而提高水温5℃对其的缓解作用分别达41.2％和44.6％;低气温(15℃)显著降低了叶片的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)值,进而影响叶片的光合能力,而提高水温未能显著缓解其损伤;低气温时,提高水温能促进幼苗叶片脯氨酸的积累,增加可溶性糖含量,缓解低温对叶片的伤害.极端低温发生时,夜间高潮对幼苗起到较好的保温作用,缓解了低温对幼苗生长和叶片的生理伤害,提高了无瓣海桑幼苗的成活率.     

杯萼海桑和格氏海桑自然杂交的分子证据

Interspecific hybridization has been frequently observed in the mangrove genus Sonneratia. However, no natural hybridization has been reported between Sonneratia alba and S. griffithii to date, despite their overlapping distribution in the coast of Andaman Sea. In this study, cysteine proteinase inhibitor gene (cpi) from the nuclear genome, and two intergenic spacers (trnL-trnF and trnV-trnM) from the chloroplast genome, were sequenced to determine whether natural hybridization took place between the two species. Our results revealed two distinct types of cpi sequences from the putative hybrid matching those acquired from S. griffithii and S. alba, respectively. Sequencing of the chloroplast trnL-trnF and trnV-trnM regions showed that S. alba differed from S. griffithii by one nucleotide in each region, and the putative hybrid had the identical sequences with S. griffithii. Molecular data demonstrated clearly that there indeed existed natural hybridization between S. alba and S. griffithii, and that S. griffithii was the maternal parent in this hybridization event.     

Sonneratia ovata Backer–A genetically depauperate mangrove species

It is expected that geographically widespread and outcrossing tree species would have high level of genetic variation. Three chloroplast regions and six nuclear genes were sequenced to assess the genetic variation of a species of mangroves, Sonneratia ovata, from China and Thailand. No nucleotide polymorphism was found in the three chloroplast regions and in the six nuclear genes from all of the four populations examined. The depauperation of polymorphism in S. ovata in comparison to moderate polymorphisms of other congeneric species is surprising, particularly considering high level of polymorphism in the past and relatively wide geographic distribution of the species. Since multiple independent loci were surveyed in this study, the most plausible explanation for our observation is that S. ovata has experienced severe demographic bottlenecks in the Pleistocene glaciation, followed by subsequent recolonization by sea currents in China and Southeast Asia regions. The lack of polymorphism may also be attributable to its small population size, despite its wide geographic distribution.     

海桑属红树植物次生木质部解剖特征极其对潮间带生境的适应

通过光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜详细观察了相似生境条件下生长的海桑属(Sonneratia)植物以及低、高潮位生长的海桑(S. caseolaris)和杯萼海桑(S. alba)次生木质部的形态特征,应用Lasersharp软件测量了其次生木质部的数量特征.结果表明:海桑属植物次生木质部形态特征的特化是与潮间带生境相适应的,能在水分胁迫的生境中,有效地协调水分输导的有效性和安全性.其特化结构主要包括:1)宽、窄导管并存,2)管孔密度较大,复孔率高,3)存在纤维状导管、形状不规则的导管和少量环管管胞,4)螺旋雕纹、附物纹孔、管壁具疣等许多导管壁的微观结构,有利于水分输导的安全性,5)射线细胞和分隔木纤维内的淀粉粒是渗透调节的物质基础,有利于促进水分上升,6)薄的纤维壁厚和宽的纤维腔径有利于水分的贮存,7)具胶质纤维.相似生境条件下生长的海桑属植物次生木质部数量特征的测量结果表明海桑和拟海桑水分输导效率高,但水分输导安全性差,而杯萼海桑水分输导效率低,但其输导安全性高.与高潮位生长的海桑和杯萼海桑相比,低潮位生长的海桑和杯萼海桑次生木质部导管分子更加"小型化"(有更小的导管分子长度、管孔弦向直径、管孔面积),有更高的导管聚合度和管孔密度,数量特征随生境不同的种内变动有利于海桑和杯萼海桑提高水分输导的安全性,但海桑和杯萼海桑输导安全性的获得是以牺牲水分输导的有效性为前提的.与生长在高潮位生境的海桑和杯萼海桑相比,低潮位生境生长的海桑和杯萼海桑的木材结构有更小的管孔面积,更厚的纤维壁,更低的导管比率和射线比率,更高的纤维比率,胶质纤维分布均匀且数量增加,这些特征有利于低潮位生境生长的海桑和杯萼海桑提高木材的韧性和强度,增强抗风浪冲击的能力.     

Structure of Flower in Arabidopsis thaliana: Spatial Pattern Formation

Morphological analysis of flowers was carried out in Arabidopsis thaliana wild type plants and agamous and apetala2 mutants. No direct substitution of organs takes place in the mutants, since the number and position of organs in them do not correspond to the structure of wild type flower. In order to explain these data, a notion of spatial pattern formation in the meristem was introduced, which preceded the processes of appearance of organ primordia and formation of organs. Zones of acropetal and basipetal spatial pattern formation in the flower of wild type plants were postulated. It was shown that the acropetal spatial pattern formation alone took place in agamous mutants and basipetal spatial pattern formation alone, in apetala2 mutants. Different variants of flower structure are interpreted as a result of changes in the volume of meristem (space) and order of spatial pattern formation (time).     

深圳福田无瓣海桑-海桑林能量的研究

在研究生物量、生产力的基础上,对深圳福田无瓣海桑-海桑林中2种红树植物海桑和无瓣海桑各组分的干重热值、林分能量现存量、年能量净固定量进行了研究．结果表明,各组分样品干重热值有一定的差异,树叶干重热值最高,纫根干重热值最低;海桑各组分样品干重热值比无瓣海桑相应组分稍高．林分能量现存量(1999年10月)为84774．72kJ·m^2,其中无瓣海桑种群能量现存量为54693．26kJ·m^-2,占林分总的64．54％,海桑种群能量现存量为30051．46kJ·m^-2,占林分总量的35．46％．林分凋落物的能量归还量(1999年)为24549．54kJ·m^-2·年^-1,其中无瓣海桑种群的能量归还量为17223．99kJ·m^-2·年^-1,占总林分的70．16％,海桑种群的能量归还量为7325．55kJ·m^-2·年^-1,占总林分的29．84％．林分能量净固定量为50391．4kJ·m^-2·年^-1,其中无瓣海桑种群和海桑种群的能量净固定量为分别为31778kJ·m^-2·年^-1和18613．4kJ·m^-2·年^-1．     

深圳福田红树林无瓣海桑+海桑群落N、P、K累积和循环

研究了深圳福田红树林无瓣海桑 +海桑群落的 N、P、K元素的累积和循环。结果表明 ,该群落 N、P、K元素的现存累积量分别为 :3 8694.92、 5 848.62、 5 0 861 .47mg/m2 ,其中地下部分分别占 2 8.5 9%、41 .77%、 42 .0 8%。该群落氮、磷、钾元素生物循环中 ,年吸收量分别为 :1 3 2 40 .0 95、 1 887.70 5、 2 0 73 6.1 1mg/m2 ;年归还量分别为 :62 70 .5 85、 979.1 75、 63 5 3 .948mg/m2 ;年存留量分别为 :6969.5 1、 90 8.5 3、 1 43 82 .1 62 mg/m2 ;周转期分别为 :7a、6a、9a。群落各组分的氮含量最高 ,磷含量最低。     

中国杯萼海桑遗传多样性的ISSR研究

杯萼海桑(SonneratiaalbaJ.Smith.)是海桑科红树植物,在我国分布于海南岛的东海岸。本文采用简单序列重复区间扩增(ISSR)分子标记技术对分布于海南岛的杯萼海桑的4个天然居群和东寨港红树林自然保护区引种的一人工居群共100个个体进行了遗传变异分析。11个引物共扩增出133条带,其中103条具多态性,多态位点百分率为77.44%。在居群水平上相对较低,多态位点百分率为51.88%~65.41%,平均为57.74%。期望杂合度、香农信息指数在物种水平上分别为0.2271和0.3489;在居群水平上分别为0.1837和0.2275。依据Gst值,杯萼海桑绝大多数遗传变异发生在居群内的个体间(81.02%),18.98%的遗传变异发生在居群间。AMOVA分析也表明了类似的遗传结构。居群间平均遗传一致度为0.9342。依据Nei(1972)的遗传距离对不同居群进行UPGMA聚类,将居群分为两组,来自三亚(SY)和陵水(LS)的居群聚为一类;东寨港引种栽培的人工居群(DZ)和琼海(QH)、文昌(WC)的居群聚为另一类。Mantel检验表明,遗传距离与地理距离呈极显著相关。