重庆四面山两栖动物物种多样性研究

2005年至2007年对重庆四面山的两栖动物进行了野外调查采集,共有两栖动物1目5科11属18种,其中无尾目弧胸类(蟾类)2种、固胸类(蛙类) 16种.建议加强对该地区两栖动物物种多样性及其生境的保护.     

How does parental role influence the activity and movements of breeding wolves?

We studied the activity and movements of a male and a female wolf during breeding in the Bieszczady Mountains, Poland. The female was less active and mobile and on average closer to the den than the male. The male was less active and mobile when the pack size was seven compared to a year when the pack consisted only of the breeding pair. We conclude that the roles played by breeding males and females rearing pups influence their activity, and that breeding males in larger packs move less during the nursing period because of help by other pack members.     

澳门松山公园树木健康评估

通过调查样带中树木病虫危害和藤本植物危害等指标,对澳门松山公园树木健康状况进行了评估.结果表明,本次调杳的6个样带中,2/3的样带处于生长较差状态;所调杏的900株树木中,不健康树木涉及20科23属32种,占所调查树木的18.9%.这说明整个松山公园的树木生长较差.提出维护树木健康的建议:(1)尽快研究找出树木病虫害发病机制,切断病害传播途径,彻底消除病虫害;(2)加紧对入侵植物和土著危害藤本的防治;(3)加强景观改造和植被恢复的力度,构建健康的森林群落结构;(4)建立松山公园树木健康预警机制,对树木健康动态进行长期监控.     

Hydrogeomorphology,environment, and vegetation associations across a latitudinal gradient in highland wetlands of the northeastern USA

Undisturbed, highland wetlands in the northeastern USA are unique habitats which maintain ecological integrity in this region. These ecosystems may be threatened by a changing environment. To protect, restore, and create these wetlands, an understanding of the relationship between vegetation composition, environmental regime, and the underlying hydrogeomorphology is needed. Using a hydrogeomorphic (HGM) classification scheme, we analyzed the environmental regime and vegetation in groundwater and small-order, stream-fed wetlands in the Adirondacks and Catskills of New York, the Appalachians of Pennsylvania and of Virginia and West Virginia. The similarity of environmental regime and then species composition between wetlands across and within regions were analyzed using ordination and cluster analysis. Plant associations and distinguishing factors were determined. Within a region, wetlands with similar environmental regime or species composition were often grouped by HGM subclass. Beaver influence and groundwater sources may account for discrepancies between HGM and community composition. Similarly structured plant associations across regions included Acer/herbaceous wetlands, Acer/Fraxinus slopes, and Acer/Tsuga/herbaceous wetlands. Plant associations were primarily distinguished by soils in the Adirondacks, soils and hydrology in the Catskills, spatial location and disturbance in Pennsylvania, and spatial location in Virginia. Regional differences and non-environmental drivers of species composition will modify generalized relationships between hydrogeomorphology, environmental regime, and species composition and should be accounted for in wetland design and management activities.     

Multilocus molecular DNA variation in Winifred's Warbler Scepomycter winifredae suggests cryptic speciation and the existence of a threatened species in the Rubeho–Ukaguru Mountains of Tanzania

Winifred's Warbler Scepomycter winifredae has a disjunct but very restricted distribution in the mountains of central Tanzania. It was once known only from the Uluguru Mountains. Subsequently, this rare warbler has been recorded from the Ukaguru Mountains, and more recently from the Rubeho Mountains, as well as from Mwanihana Forest on the eastern scarp of the Udzungwa Highlands (single record). These three localities are isolated from the Uluguru Mountains by more than 100 km of lowland savannah. Here we characterize the populations morphologically and estimate demographic parameters using a multilocus molecular approach. Birds from the Uluguru Mountains differed from those of the Rubeho–Ukaguru Mountains in mtDNA by 1.6% (uncorrected) sequence divergence, or at 16 sites: one at each of the first and second codon positions, and at 14 third codon position sites. Five autosomal introns were also sequenced for a total of 2922 bp of nuclear DNA. No single nucleotide polymorphisms were completely fixed between the Uluguru and Rubeho–Ukaguru populations. Results from our coalescent analyses suggest that there is currently unlikely to be any exchange of birds between the Uluguru and Rubeho–Ukaguru populations and that the shared nuclear alleles are a consequence of lineage sorting not yet having been completed due to the recent divergence (upper Pleistocene) between these two populations. In view of the lack of gene flow between the Uluguru and Rubeho–Ukaguru populations, and morphological diagnosability, we propose to recognize the latter populations as a separate species, which we name Rubeho Warbler Scepomycter rubehoensis .     

A new species of Noccaea (Brassicaceae) from South Anatolia, Turkey

Noccaea camlikensis sp. nov. (Brassicaceae) is described and illustrated from a localized serpentine range in southern Turkey. Its close relationship to N. cariensis , from which it differs in leaf and carpological characters, is discussed. The protologue of this fairly unknown species can now be amended to cover better the morphological variability of this taxon. A comparative study of seed-coat anatomy advocates its move from Thlaspi to Noccaea ; the relevant combination N. cariensis (Carlström) Parolly, Nordt & Aytaç is made. The ecology of both vicarious species is discussed and their distribution mapped.  © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 150 , 409–416.     

THE FISH AND AMPHIBIAN SWIMMING TRACES UNDICHNA AND LUNICHNIUM, WITH EXAMPLES FROM THE LOWER PERMIAN OF NEW MEXICO, USA

Abstract: The ichnotaxonomy and stratigraphic, geographic and environmental distribution of fish (Undichna) and amphibian (Lunichnium) swimming traces are reviewed. The ichnospecies of Undichna consist of various combinations of sinusoidal waves of differing complexity. Some of the more complex ichnospecies are made up of elements of the simpler forms, and morphological subset relationships between them are presented. Such subset series represent potential taphoseries relationships (i.e. preservational variants that reflect, for example, undertrails), or series of minor behavioural variations. Such a system can be used to highlight that different ichnospecies occurring at a locality may be taphonomic or minor behavioural variants of each other. Caution should, therefore, be exercised before erecting new ichnospecies on the basis of limited material if its morphology is a subset of an existing ichnospecies. However, the naming of such simpler ichnospecies is valid if they represent a recurrent morphology, and it is valid to erect new ichnospecies whose morphology is not a subset of an existing ichnospecies. Specimens that demonstrate intergradation between ichnotaxa can be used to justify their synonomy. Ichnotaxonomic revisions reduce the number of ichnospecies in Undichna from 14 to nine. U. radnicensis, a highly variable ichnospecies, is synonymized with U. britannica on the basis of material from China that demonstrates they can intergrade. U. prava is a partial U. tricosta, which falls within the minimum diagnosis of U. simplicitas. U. gosiutensis is regarded as a subjective junior synonym of U. quina. U. westerbergensis, originally attributed to a ‘crossopterygian’ fish performing a tetrapod‐like gait, is reassigned as a distinct ichnospecies within Lunichnium because it demonstrates the same morphology, representing similar behaviour, albeit by a different producer. L. anceps and L. gracile are synonymized with L. rotterodium. New specimens of U. bina and L. rotterodium are also described from the Lower Permian Robledo Mountains Formation of southern New Mexico, USA.     

New species of syringoporids from Eifelian deposits of the Subpolar Ural Mountains

A high diversity of tabulate corals in Eifelian deposits of the Syv“yu River basin (Subpolar Urals) is reported for the first time. Most of the corals are represented by colonies of syringoporids. Five new species Syringopora parva sp. nov., S. insueta sp. nov., S. indecora sp. nov., Tetraporinus syvjuensis sp. nov., and Armalites serotinus sp. nov. are described.     

Sequence stratigraphy and carbonate platform organization of the Devonian Santa Lucia Formation, Cantabrian Mountains, NW-Spain

In this paper, the sedimentology and the stratigraphic architecture of the Devonian Santa Lucia Formation in the Cantabrian Mountains of NW-Spain are described. The Santa Lucia Formation consists of 11 different facies that can be attributed to peritidal/lagoonal, intertidal and subtidal facies associations. These facies associations are arranged in small-scale sedimentary cycles. Three different settings of small-scale sedimentary cycles are recognized: intertidal/supratidal, shallow subtidal/intertidal and subtidal cycles. These cycles reflect spatial differences in the reaction of the depositional system to small-scale relative sea-level changes. Small-scale stratigraphic cycles are stacked into seven medium-scale cycles that in turn are integral parts of three larger-scale cycles. Most of the Santa Lucia Formation (sequences 2–6) forms one major large-scale cycle, whereas sequences 1 and 7 are part of an underlying and an overlying cycle, respectively. Eustatic sea-level changes exerted major control on the formation of these large-scale sequences, whereas the medium-scale cycles seem to be co-controlled by regional tectonism and eustasy. Small-scale cycles seem to be the product of high frequency, eustatic sea-level changes. During the deposition of the Santa Lucia Formation, the morphology of the carbonate platform changed from a gently south-dipping ramp to a rimmed shelf and back to a gently dipping ramp.     

小兴安岭黑河胜山林区冬季驼鹿的生境选择

2002年、2003年和2004年的12月至3月,在小兴安岭黑河胜山林场开展了驼鹿生境选择的研究。研究中选择了9类与驼鹿生境选择相关的生态因子：植被型、离公路距离、离采伐点距离、平均雪深、隐蔽程度、坡向、坡位、坡度、海拔,运用SPSS软件进行交叉汇总定量分析。结果表明,胜山驼鹿冬季以落叶阔叶林、灌丛为主要生境,影响驼鹿分布的主要生态因子为隐蔽程度、坡位,其次为雪深、坡向、离采伐点距离、离公路距离,坡度、海拔对驼鹿分布的影响不明显。