全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1573篇 |
免费 | 83篇 |
国内免费 | 24篇 |
专业分类
1680篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 44篇 |
2022年 | 46篇 |
2021年 | 49篇 |
2020年 | 32篇 |
2019年 | 51篇 |
2018年 | 50篇 |
2017年 | 56篇 |
2016年 | 50篇 |
2015年 | 36篇 |
2014年 | 95篇 |
2013年 | 119篇 |
2012年 | 59篇 |
2011年 | 65篇 |
2010年 | 67篇 |
2009年 | 106篇 |
2008年 | 125篇 |
2007年 | 97篇 |
2006年 | 77篇 |
2005年 | 64篇 |
2004年 | 52篇 |
2003年 | 45篇 |
2002年 | 28篇 |
2001年 | 18篇 |
2000年 | 17篇 |
1999年 | 18篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 19篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 18篇 |
1990年 | 19篇 |
1989年 | 14篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1680条查询结果,搜索用时 9 毫秒
121.
The aim of this work is to assess and understand the social drivers that determine the willingness to pay for sustainable management measures to preserve a Natura 2000 area. These social drivers of the support for nature conservation were then included in the design of economic instrument to support nature conservation. In a contingent valuation exercise, the local population in the Cabezo de la Jara and Rambla de Nogalte protected areas (SE Spain) stated their willingness to pay for sustainable management measures aimed at their conservation. Among the socio-demographics, environmental attitudes and experiential drivers, income and environmental commitment were found to be the only significant drivers in support of nature conservation, revealing preference heterogeneity. Economic instruments, specifically green taxes and user fees, are proposed, taking into account the sources of heterogeneity in order to ensure financial support for the measures and greater social acceptability. Hence, our research adds to the existing literature through the design of an economic instrument to support nature conservation, considering preference heterogeneity. 相似文献
122.
J. Arvid Ågren Brandon E. Campitelli Jill Wheeler 《Journal of biological education》2017,51(3):228-236
Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in our understanding of the social behaviour of microbes. Here, we take advantage of these developments to present an undergraduate laboratory exercise that uses the cooperative flocculating behaviour of yeast (Saccharomyces sp.) to introduce the concept of inclusive fitness and teach the genetics of cooperation. Students generate their own data using co-cultures of various yeast strains and perform statistical analyses to test whether kin selection or greenbeard effects determine the cooperative flocculating behaviour. The lab has run successfully for two consecutive years in a second year course with some 1, 200 students per year at the University of Toronto, Canada. We discuss the benefits of using microbes to teach social evolution, describe the set-up and learning outcomes of the laboratory exercise, and then outline possible extension and variants of the lab. In addition to providing students with the opportunity to use a model organism to study social behaviour, students are also taught common laboratory skills, such as replica plating and sterile techniques. Ultimately, while the genetics of cooperation has traditionally been taught through computer simulations and evolutionary games, this exercise demonstrates a way to experimentally introduce the topic. 相似文献
123.
Elizabeth Durham 《Ethnos》2018,83(1):119-135
This article refines established notions of rumour as a strategy of discursive empowerment by differentiating typologies of empowerment. Specifically, I employ terminology from the anthropological literature on witchcraft to distinguish between ‘levelling’ rumour, which seeks to attack the power of others, and ‘accumulative’ rumour, which seeks to increase the power of rumour-tellers. To exemplify this, I explore a rumour that circulated in 2012 and 2013 among practitioners of traditional medicine in West Cameroon, which claimed that the state would kill tradipractitioners working to cure HIV/AIDS. I first outline the likely sociopolitical roots of practitioners’ anxiety regarding their intellectual labour. I then argue that this narrative was simultaneously levelling and accumulative in a national context, yet became accumulative in the more international context of practitioner–anthropologist relations. Ultimately, both forms of empowerment were key to understanding the rumour's favourable positioning of tradipractitioners in an increasingly uncertain, tense, and multinational part of Cameroon. 相似文献
124.
BackgroundIt has been suggested that long-term activation of the body’s stress–response system and subsequent overexposure to stress hormones may be associated with increased morbidity. However, evidence on the impact of major life events on mortality from breast cancer (BC) remains inconclusive. The main aim of this study is to investigate whether major negatively or positively experienced life events before or after diagnosis have an effect on BC-specific mortality in women who have survived with BC for at least 2 years.MethodsWe conducted a case fatality study with data on life events from a self-administered survey and data on BC from the Finnish Cancer Registry. Cox models were fitted to estimate BC mortality hazard ratios (MRs) between those who have undergone major life events and those who haven’t.ResultsNone of the pre-diagnostic negative life events had any effect on BC-specific mortality. Regarding post-diagnostic events, the effect was greatest in women with moderate scores of events. As for event-specific scores, increased BC mortality was observed with spouse unemployment, relationship problems, and death of a close friend. By contrast, falling in love and positive developments in hobbies were shown to be associated with lower BC mortality (MRs 0.67, 95%CI: 0.49–0.92 and 0.74, 95%CI: 0.57–0.96, respectively). In an analysis restricted to recently diagnosed cases (2007), also death of a child and of a mother was associated with increased BC mortality.ConclusionsSome major life events regarding close personal relationships may play a role in BC-specific mortality, with certain negative life events increasing BC mortality and positive events decreasing it. The observed favorable associations between positive developments in romantic relationships and hobbies and BC mortality are likely to reflect the importance of social interaction and support. 相似文献
125.
Diana Y. Sakae Lauriane Ramet Annabelle Henrion Odile Poirel Stphane Jamain Salah El Mestikawy Stphanie Daumas 《Genes, Brain & Behavior》2019,18(3)
The atypical vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT3 is present in subpopulations of GABAergic interneurons in the cortex and the hippocampus, in subgroups of serotoninergic neurons in raphe nuclei, and in cholinergic interneurons in the striatum. C56BL/6N mice that no longer express VGLUT3 (VGLUT3?/?) display anxiety‐associated phenotype, increased spontaneous and cocaine‐induced locomotor activity and decreased haloperidol‐induced catalepsy. Inbred mouse strains differ markedly in their sensitivity to anxiety and behavioral responses elicited by drugs. The purpose of this study was to investigate strain differences in VGLUT3 expression levels and its potential correlates with anxiety and reward‐guided behaviors. Five inbred mouse lines were chosen according to their contrasted anxiety and drugs sensitivity: C57BL/6N, C3H/HeN, DBA/2J, 129/Sv, and BALB/c. VGLUT3 protein expression was measured in different brain areas involved in reward or mood regulation (such as the striatum, the hippocampus, and raphe nuclei) and genetic variations in Slc17a8, the gene encoding for VGLUT3, have been explored. These five inbred mouse strains express very different levels of VGLUT3, which cannot be attributed to the genetic variation of the Slc17a8 locus. Furthermore, mice behavior in the open field, elevated plus maze, spontaneous‐ and cocaine‐induced locomotor was highly heterogeneous and only partially correlated to VGLUT3 levels. These data highlight the fact that one single gene polymorphism could not account for VGLUT3 expression variations, and that region specific VGLUT3 expression level variations might play a key role in the modulation of discrete behaviors. 相似文献
126.
Hugh BRODERS 《动物学报》2009,55(4)
To gain insight into the function of AOB and MOB during different social interaction and in different vole species,the behaviors and neural activation of the olfactory bulbs in social interactions of mandarin voles Microtus mandarinus and reed voles Microtus fortis were compared in the present research.Mandarin voles spent significantly more time attacking and sniffing their opponents and sniffing sawdust than reed voles.During same sex encounters,mandarin voles attacked their opponents for a significantly ... 相似文献
127.
Katsunori Nonogaki Yukie Ohba Mamoru Wakameda 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2009,378(2):249-254
Catch-up weight gain after malnutrition is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Here we show that social isolation enhanced fasting-induced weight loss and suppressed weight gain induced by re-feeding for 6 days following a 24-h fast in prepubertal wild-type mice. These effects of social isolation on weight gain were not associated with significant changes in daily average food consumption. Under the same housing condition, genetic deletion of β-endorphin reduced the fasting-induced weight loss and enhanced the re-feeding-induced weight gain in prepubertal mice. These effects of social isolation or genetic deletion of β-endorphin on these weight changes were attenuated and reversed in postpubertal mice. Moreover, genetic deletion of β-endorphin attenuated these effects of social isolation on the catch-up weight gain in prepubertal mice and reversed them in postpubertal mice. Thus, social isolation, endogenous β-endorphin, and age can be novel modulators for body weight changes induced by fasting and re-feeding in mice. 相似文献
128.
Bob Simpson 《Journal of bioethical inquiry》2007,4(3):207-215
In Sri Lanka, termination of pregnancy, other than in extreme circumstances, is strictly illegal. Among the public and large
sections of the medical community there is widespread support for some degree of liberalization of the law, particularly where
this relates to serious genetic conditions which can be identified prenatally. Tension emerges out of a publicly maintained
conservatism on issues of abortion on the one hand and a growing disconnection from unregulated practices of termination in
the private sector on the other. Social science approaches have much to contribute when understanding the ‘therapeutic gap’
that opens up and, in particular, the way that local ideas of fate, destiny and how suffering might be ameliorated become
blended with the predictive power of genetic testing. 相似文献
129.
Gossip is a subject that has been studied by researchers from an array of disciplines with various foci and methods. We measured
the content of language use by members of a competitive sports team across 18 months, integrating qualitative ethnographic
methods with quantitative sampling and analysis. We hypothesized that the use of gossip will vary significantly depending
on whether it is used for self-serving or group-serving purposes. Our results support a model of gossip derived from multilevel
selection theory that expects gossip to serve group-beneficial rules when rewards are partitioned at the group level on a
scale that permits mutual monitoring. We integrate our case study with earlier studies of gossip conducted by anthropologists,
psychologists, and management researchers.
Kevin M. Kniffin studies cooperation within and among organizations. Kniffin is presently an Honorary Fellow of the University
of Wisconsin-Madison’s Department of Anthropology. Kniffin has consulted for a variety of clients, including community-development
organizations, labor unions, and credit unions.
David Sloan Wilson is an evolutionary biologist interested in a broad range of issues relevant to human behavior. He has authored
numerous articles and books, including most recently Darwin’s Cathedral: Evolution, Religion, and the Nature of Society (University of Chicago Press, 2002). Wilson is a professor of biological sciences and anthropology and Director of Evolutionary
Studies (EvoS) at SUNY-Binghamton. 相似文献
130.
John T. Cacioppo Stephanie Cacioppo Stephanie Dulawa Abraham A. Palmer 《World psychiatry》2014,13(2):131-139
Most mental disorders involve disruptions of normal social behavior. Social neuroscience is an interdisciplinary field devoted to understanding the biological systems underlying social processes and behavior, and the influence of the social environment on biological processes, health and well‐being. Research in this field has grown dramatically in recent years. Active areas of research include brain imaging studies in normal children and adults, animal models of social behavior, studies of stroke patients, imaging studies of psychiatric patients, and research on social determinants of peripheral neural, neuroendocrine and immunological processes. Although research in these areas is proceeding along largely independent trajectories, there is increasing evidence for connections across these trajectories. We focus here on the progress and potential of social neuroscience in psychiatry, including illustrative evidence for a rapid growth of neuroimaging and genetic studies of mental disorders. We also argue that neuroimaging and genetic research focused on specific component processes underlying social living is needed. 相似文献