Lipid transfer proteins from Rosaceae fruits share consensus epitopes responsible for their IgE-binding cross-reactivity

Four IgE-binding epitopes have been characterized that cover a large area (40%) of the molecular surface of lipid transfer protein allergens of Rosaceae (apple, peach, apricot, and plum). They mainly correspond to electropositively charged regions protruding on the molecular surface of the modeled apple (Mal d 3), apricot (Pru ar 3), and plum (Pru d 3) allergens. Two of these epitopes consist of consensus epitopes structurally conserved among the lipid transfer protein allergens from the Rosaceae. Their occurrence in different lipid transfer protein allergens presumably accounts for the IgE-binding cross-reactivity often observed among different Rosaceae fruits. In this respect, LTP consist of phylogenetically- and structurally-related pan allergens. However, the IgE-binding cross-reactivity due to fruit lipid transfer protein has varying degrees of clinical relevance and this cross-reactivity is not necessarily accompanied by a cross-allergenicity to the corresponding fruits.     

不同寄主植物对山楂叶螨生长发育和繁殖的影响

室内采用叶碟饲养的方法研究了苹果、桃、李、樱桃和杏等不同果树对山楂叶螨Tetrancychusvienensis生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明,在李树上山楂叶螨的发育历期短、生殖力强、存活率高,rm值大,而在樱桃和杏树上该螨的发育历期长、生殖力弱、存活率低、rm值小。寄主转换试验结果表明,当山楂叶螨由苹果转移至樱桃和杏树时,其生长发育的历期显著延长,rm值大幅度降低;而由苹果转移至桃树和李树时,其生长发育的历期虽也有所延长,但差异不显著,rm值则明显降低。表明山楂叶螨对新寄主的适应因不同寄主而异,在桃和李上经历1代后即可适应,而在杏和樱桃上经历2代后才能适应新的寄主。     

傅家边丘陵山地滨梅根围AM真菌与土壤酶活性的关系

为揭示AM真菌对宿主滨梅（Prunus maritima）的作用特点及对根部土壤酶活性的影响,于2009年4月、7月和10月分别从江苏傅家边丘陵山地滨梅根围分0～10、10～20、20～30、30～40、40～50 cm 5个土层采集土壤样品,观察滨梅AM菌根结构,测定了AM真菌侵染率、孢子密度、土壤磷酸酶、脲酶活性及有效磷、碱解氮含量,着重分析了AM真菌与土壤酶活性之间的关系。结果表明,滨梅能与AM真菌形成良好的共生关系,共生体为泡囊-丛枝结构;AM真菌侵染率和孢子密度分别在7月份和10月份最高,均出现在0～20 cm土层,并随土层加深而下降;AM真菌侵染率与土壤酸性磷酸酶、中性磷酸酶、碱磷酸酶活性显著正相关,而与脲酶活性无相关性;AM真菌孢子密度与碱性磷酸酶、脲酶活性呈极显著正相关关系;孢子密度与土壤有效磷、土壤碱解氮含量显著正相关,但AM真菌侵染率仅与土壤有效磷含量显著正相关;孢子密度与菌根侵染率之间无相关性。可见,滨梅AM真菌侵染率与孢子密度有明显的时空分布并与土壤因子尤其是某些土壤酶活性密切相关,且AM菌根的形成是滨梅适应丘陵山地干旱贫瘠环境的有效对策之一。     

石灰和硼砂对果梅生长结果影响初报

针对永泰园艺场果梅立地条件及生长状况,以惯用施肥量(N:P₂O₅:K₂O=1:1.9:1.7,氮磷钾施用量1.83 Kg/年/株)为对照,在N、P₂O₅、K₂O比例均为1:0.4:0.6的基础上施用不同肥料组合,研究其对果梅生长、结果的影响。试验初步表明,在N、P₂O₅、K₂O比例为1:0.4:0.6、氮磷钾施用量1.38kg/年/株的基础上添加石灰和硼砂,与对照相比,硬核期后的坐果率提高9.9%,产量增加14.2%,明显促进新梢生长。有机肥的配施到第二年才产生肥效。     

Effects of media on embryo enlargement,germination and plant development in early-ripening genotypes of Prunus grown in vitro

Embryo culture of 5–10 mm long embryos of Prunus was investigated. The effects of various media on embryo enlargement, germination and plant formation were compared. Results show that embryos in all genotypes enlarged during stratification on any tested medium. Beneficial embryo enlargement, germination and plant development of peach and nectarine occurred when cultured on WP medium. The embryos of a plum were more responsive to C₂d medium for enlargement, germination and plant development. All genotypes germinated well with a large number of embryos growing into plants on WP and C₂d media.     

HF对梅树超氧化物歧化酶和纤维素酶活性的影响

ＨＦ对梅树超氧化物歧化酶和纤维素酶活性的影响孟范平吴方正（中南林学院,株洲４１２００６）（浙江农业大学,杭州３１００２９）潘小敏（浙江省余杭市环保监测站,３１１１００）ＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＨＦｏｎｔｈｅＡｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓｏｆＳｕｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅＤｉｓｍ...     

Epidemiology of Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars Associated with Decline of Plum Trees in the Southwest of Germany

Plum decline was associated with Pseudomonas syringae pathovars syringae and morsprunorum in Baden‐Württemberg. The trunks of affected plum trees (Prunus domestica) were girdled by bacterial cankers resulting in sudden death of infected trees. Copper compounds that were applied extensively during leaf fall and bud burst, were not effective. A minority of P. syringae strains isolated from cankers on plum trees were moderately resistant, while most strains were sensitive to cupric ions. Invasions through blossoms, leaves and wounds during the vegetation period were limited to the infection sites and plum trees coped effectively with both P. syringae pathovars eliminating them eventually. Infections after dormancy including very rare leaf scar infections did not induce cankers on the trunk. However, infections of dormant trees through frost injuries, (pruning) wounds or non‐injurious ingress by freezing and thawing were serious, because they led to cankers girdling the trunk. Control strategies to manage plum decline have to be adapted to the disease cycle. They should concentrate on the dormant period beginning with early frosts in autumn and ending with bud burst.     

A high‐throughput transformation system allows the regeneration of marker‐free plum plants (Prunus domestica)

A high‐throughput transformation system previously developed in our laboratory was used for the regeneration of transgenic plum plants without the use of antibiotic selection. The system was first tested with two experimental constructs, pGA482GGi and pCAMBIAgfp94(35S) that contain selective marker and reporter genes. Transformation was monitored by GUS detection, and estimated transformation efficiencies were 5.7% and 17.7% for pGA482GGi and pCAMBIAgfp94(35S), respectively. Subsequently, an intron‐hairpin‐RNA (ihpRNA) construct, carrying the Plum Pox Virus coat protein (ppv‐cp) gene, without selectable or reporter marker genes was designed. Five transgenic lines were regenerated as confirmed by DNA blot analysis. We believe that this is the first report on the production of marker‐free plants transformed with a potential agronomically important trait in a Prunus species.     

欧洲李种子的化学成分研究

利用溶剂萃取和色谱分离手段,从蔷薇科植物欧洲李(Prunus domestica L.)种子中得到6个化合物。通过光谱分析,分别鉴定为松柏醛(1)、东莨菪亭(2)、(-)-二氢脱氢二松柏醇(3)、(-)-榕醛(4)、(E)-3,3’-二甲氧基-4,4’-二羟基茋(5)和5-羟甲基糠醛(6)。这些化合物均系首次从欧洲李种子中分离得到。     

NaCl胁迫对滨梅扦插苗生物量和水分积累的影响

以1年生滨梅(Prunus maritima Marshall)扦插苗为实验材料,在盆栽条件下用质量浓度为0.15%、0.29%、0.58%、0.88%、1.17%、1.46%的NaCl溶液进行盐胁迫处理,测定胁迫后根、茎、叶Na+、K+含量以及全叶、一年生茎、二年生茎和根系生物量、含水率、根系活力变化,探讨滨梅的抗盐胁迫机制。结果显示:(1)盐胁迫80d后,随着盐胁迫强度提高,滨梅植株根、茎、叶Na+含量显著提高,而其根、茎K+含量显著降低,根、茎、叶K+/Na+值显著降低;根Na+含量在低于0.58%NaCl胁迫下显著高于茎、叶,而在高于0.58%NaCl胁迫下却表现为叶Na+含量显著高于根、茎。(2)滨梅根、茎、叶生物量均随盐胁迫强度的提高呈先增加后减少的趋势;随着盐胁迫时间的延长,茎、叶生物量在低于0.58%NaCl胁迫下均呈积累趋势,且茎生物量在0.58%NaCl胁迫下显著提高,而根、一年生茎、叶生物量在高于0.58%NaCl胁迫下均显著下降。(3)滨梅茎、叶含水率均随盐胁迫强度的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,而随着胁迫时间的延长呈逐渐减少趋势;根系活力及根含水率均随盐胁迫强度的提高而增加,但根含水率随着胁迫时间的延长变化不明显。由此可见,滨梅能通过根系稀释并蓄积Na+,保护地上部分正常生长,当进入根系的Na+量超过吸收阈值时,Na+迅速在叶中积累储存,且叶中较高含量的K+对Na+形成了有效的缓冲。