大巴山区巴山松林的初步研究

巴山松(Pinus henryi)林主要分布于大巴山区(包括西段米仓山),其分布规律是沿大巴山主脊及其两侧支脉东西延伸、断续分布,集中分布在海拔1400—1800m,形成大巴山区特有的一种重要植被类型。目前,大巴山区分布面积最大、保存最完好的巴山松林集中分布在陕西省南郑县黎坪一带。 对巴山松林生境条件、区系组成、群落外貌和结构及动态分析表明,随生境条件的变化,巴山松林的种类组成也发生有规律的变化,但巴山松在群落中始终占据优势地位,并保持着相对稳定的结构组成性状。巴山松更新幼苗较多,且分布比较均匀,天然更新状况良好。优势种群(巴山松)高度与株数的相关性分析表明,巴山松群落中以高大的巴山松个体为主,幼苗幼树较多;巴山松种群各级立木的数量关系反映出巴山松种群具有年龄集中分布的特点,整个种群表现为周期性波状起伏的稳定发展趋势。巴山松种群的稳定性,决定了巴山松群落具有稳定的发展趋势。巴山松材质优良,是大巴山区中山地带优良的造林树种,值得大力发展。     

A Cytological Study of Fifteen Species in Six Genera of Liliaceae from Yunnan

Fifteen species in six genera of the family Liliaceae were karyomorphologically studied. They share the complex chromocenter type of the resting nuclei and the interstitial type of the prophase chromosomes in somatic cells except that Clintonia udensis Trautv. et Mey is of the densely diffuse type and gradient type respectively. Their karyotype formulas are listed as follows: Clintonia udensis Trautv. et Mey, 2n= 14=8m+4sm+2st (2SAT), belongs to 2A type; Smilacina henryi (Baker) Wang et Tang, 2n=36=12m+16sm+6st+2t (2SAT), 2C type; Smilacina fusca Wall., 2n = 36= 14m (2SAT) + 12sm+ 10st(2SAT), 2B type; Smilacinata tsienensis (Franch.) Wang et Tang, 2n= 36=22m +2sm+ 2st(2SAT), 2C type; Smilacina atropurpurea ( Franch.) Wang et Tang, 2n=36=18m+6sm(2SAT) +12st, 2C type: Polygonatum kingianum Coll, et Hesml., 2n=30= 12m(2SAT) +6sm+ lst+2t, 2C type; Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royal, 2n=30= 10m+4sm+ 12st+4t, 3C type; Polygonatum curvistylum Hua, 2n=78=24m (2SAT)+ 14sm (6SAT)+40st, 3C type; Polygonatum cathcartii Baker, 2n = 32 = 12m + 6sm + 10st+ 2t + 2Bs, 2C type; Lilium henricii Franch., 2n = 24 = 2m(2SAT) + 2sm + 10st+ 10t, 3A type; Lilium bakerianum Coll. et Hesml. var. rubrum Stearn, 2n=24=4m ( 2SAT) +10st+ 10t (2SAT), 3A type; Nomocharis bilouensis Liang, 2n= 24= 2m (2SAT) +2sm+ 12st+ 8t, 3A type; Nomocharis pardanthina Franch., 2n= 24=4m (2SAT)+12st (2SAT)+ 8t, 3A type; Nomocharis sauluensis Balf. f., 2n=24=4m(2SAT) +10st (2SAT) + 10t, 3B type; Notholirion campanulatum Cotton et Stearn 2n = 24 = 2m (2SAT) + 2sm + 14st(2SAT ) + 6t, 3A type.     

宽叶金粟兰滇东北居群的繁殖生物学

对宽叶金粟兰（ＣｈｌｏｒａｎｔｈｕｓｈｅｎｒｙｉＨｅｍｓｌ）滇东北的野外居群和栽培植株花序发育、传粉、结实率、无性繁殖等观察试验的结果显示,宽叶金粟兰以种子繁殖为主,但有时可通过地下合轴茎顶端分支进行无性繁殖。其顶生、侧生花序均能正常开花结实,种子可萌发,在株丛周缘形成新个体。但其顶生花序与侧生花序的雄蕊异形,顶生花序花芽在地下分化形成,雄蕊具明显伸长的３个药隔和４个药室,不产香味,平均结实率６３％;侧生２、３级花序在直立枝条顶端叶腋中分化形成,无伸长药隔并仅具２个药室,在顶生花序果脱落后才开花结实,平均结实率７６％和８３％,略高于顶生花序。传粉实验观察证明其不需要昆虫传粉,为自花授粉可育,不同于本属其它植物。因此其雄蕊异型现象可能是传媒方式改变的结构简化适应     

国产铁线莲属(毛茛科)植物小志

本文描述了国产铁线莲属２新种、１新变种,并对荔波铁线莲的形态进行了补充描述。     

Cytotoxic and Anti‐inflammatory Sesquiterpenes from Ainsliaea henryi

Three new sesquiterpenoids, 4α‐hydroxyeudesm‐11(13)‐en‐12‐yl 3‐methylbutanoate ( 1 ), diaspanolide E ( 2 ), and (13α)‐germacra‐1(10),4‐dien‐12,8α‐olid‐15‐oic acid ( 3 ), along with eight known sesquiterpenoids ( 4 – 11 ), were isolated from the aerial parts of Ainsliaea henryi. The chemical structures of compounds 1 – 3 were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis (1D‐, 2D‐NMR, MS and HR/MS). All isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide‐induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Compound 10 exhibited significantly inhibition against NO release with an IC₅₀ value of 6.54 ± 0.16 μm . Also, all isolated compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against three human tumor cell lines A549, MGC803, and HCT116, among which compound 5 significantly inhibited the proliferation of MGC803 cell lines with an IC₅₀ value of 2.2 ± 0.2 μm .     

多裂紫菊(菊科-菊苣族)后选模式的指定

指定了多裂紫菊Prenanthes henryi Dunn (=Notoseris henryi (Dunn) Shih)的后选模式。     

Sesquiterpenoids from Chloranthus henryi and Their Anti‐neuroinflammatory Activities

Five new and seven known mono‐sesquiterpenoids ( 1 – 5 and 6 – 12 , resp.) together with five known lindenane‐type disesquiterpenoids, 13 – 17 , were isolated from the whole plant of Chloranthus henryi. Based on spectroscopic methods, the new structures were established to be (5S,6R,8S,10R)‐6‐hydroxyeudesma‐4(15),7(11)‐diene‐12,8‐olide ( 1 ), 6α‐hydroxyeudesma‐4(15),7(11),8(9)‐triene‐12,8‐olide ( 2 ), 8,12‐epoxy‐1β‐hydroxyeudesma‐4(15),7,11‐trien‐6‐one ( 3 ), 12‐oxochloraniolide A ( 4 ), and (4α)‐8‐hydroxy‐12‐norcardina‐6,8,10‐trien‐11‐one ( 5 ), respectively. Among the isolates, compound 2 , zederone epoxide ( 8 ), spicachlorantin G ( 13 ), chloramultilide A ( 14 ), shizukaol B ( 15 ), and spicachlorantin B ( 17 ) showed significant anti‐neuroinflammatory effects by inhibiting nitric‐oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated murine BV‐2 microglial cells with relatively low cytotoxicity.     

花榈木组培苗茎段低温胁迫培养及耐冷性诱导

以花榈木组培苗茎段为试材,在低温胁迫条件下进行耐冷性愈伤组织诱导培养。结果表明,5℃是花榈木茎段低温胁迫培养及耐冷性诱导的最适温度。经过5℃低温胁迫培养获得的耐冷性愈伤组织在分化培养基MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.25 mg/L上的分化率达70.0%,且再生植株的低温伤害率明显低于对照。     

海南省粗叶木属新记录植物五种

报道发现于海南省鹦哥岭的粗叶木属(Lasianthus Jack)海南省新记录种5种,并描述了它们的主要辨认特征。其中4种(华南粗叶木Lasianthus austrosinensis H.S.Lo、长梗粗叶木L.filipes Chun ex H.S.Lo、西南粗叶木L.henryi Hutch.、台湾粗叶木L.formosensis Matsum.)在与海南邻近的广东省与广西壮族自治区均有记录,而大叶粗叶木L.rigidus Miq.则在热带亚洲具有明显的间断性分布。     

锥栗自然居群遗传多样性的ISSR分析

采用20条ISSR分子标记对栗属中国特有种-锥栗(Castanea henryi)的16个自然居群进行了遗传多样性与遗传关系分析。在449份试材上共扩增得到379个位点,其中多态性位点378个,多态性位点百分率(PPL)达99.74%,平均期望杂合度(He)为0.2950,Shannon信息指数(I)为0.4522;居群水平遗传多样性为46.09%,且不同居群遗传多样性水平有较大差异,16个自然居群中以湘西居群的遗传多样性水平最高(PPL=53.30%,He=0.1861,I=0.2781),其次为靖州、庆元、昭通及都江堰居群,南平居群最低(PPL=36.94%,He=0.1202,I=0.1817)。Nei’s遗传多样性和AMOVA分析表明,居群间产生了较大的遗传分化(Gst=0.4466),锥栗自然居群内的遗传变异稍占优势(52.51%)。UPGMA聚类分析将16个锥栗居群分为2大类5亚类。湘西地区可能是锥栗的次生分布中心和现代遗传多样性分布中心,是锥栗研究的资源中心,也是最有价值的基因库,需要重点保护。