豚鼠小肠粘膜下层内神经节丛与血管的伴行现象

本文应用NADH黄递酶联合Karnovsky-Roots乙酰胆碱酯酶组化技术研究了豚鼠小肠粘膜下层铺片上神经节丛与血管的关系,结果发现,由肌层穿入粘膜下层的小动、静脉及其分支互相伴行,环绕肠壁;动、静脉两侧有大致平行走向的伴行神经节丛,并从伴行的神经节丛发出分支终止于动、静脉壁上以及连接动、静脉两侧的神经节丛之间有纤维束相连。这种伴行现象在小动、静脉起始段和第一级分支段最为明显。伴行的神经节多数呈长梭形,其长轴与血管长轴平行。在血管“人”字形分支处,可见到“人”字形神经节,常位于静脉叉内。上述结果提示,伴行的神经节丛可能调节粘膜下层和粘膜的血流,从而影响小肠的吸收功能。     

Continuous-flow determination of an alpha-amylase inactivator in fermentation samples using a ferricyanide reagent

A continuous-flow system has been developed in which pancreatic alpha-amylase is incubated with soluble starch at 37 degrees C. Reducing sugars being delivered at the "steady-state" hydrolysis of starch are dialyzed into a solution of alkaline ferricyanide. Ferricyanide is then reduced at 95 degrees C. The decrease in the absorbance of ferricyanide solution is recorded as "enzyme baseline." When samples containing alpha-amylase inactivator are introduced into the system, hydrolysis of starch is reduced according to the concentration of enzyme inactivator. The amount of inactivator in the samples is deduced from a standard curve of six standard concentrations using the Technicon Autoanalyzer II system manager in connection with a calculator for automated interpolation. This method allows to determine 40 samples/h with high sensitivity and precision (mean = 1.53 mg/liter; C.V. = 1.4%).     

小切口改良甲状腺切除术与传统甲状腺切除术的临床疗效对比

目的:对比小切口改良甲状腺切除术与传统甲状腺切除术的临床疗效。方法:选择自2013年4月至2014年9月我院收治的甲状腺瘤患者96例,按照随机数表法将患者分成对照组和实验组,每组48例。对照组患者行传统甲状腺切除术治疗,而实验组患者行小切口改良甲状腺切除术治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、手术切口长度、出血量、术后住院时间及瘢痕美容评分,并对患者对于手术的满意度比较。术后随访半年,观察患者的并发症情况并统计分析。结果:实验组患者的手术时间、切口长度、出血量及术后住院时间明显低于对照组,另外,实验组患者的瘢痕美容评分明显高于对照组,且差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。实验组患者满意度为93.75%(45/48)显著高于对照组的满意度54.17%(26/48)(P0.01)。实验组患者并发症的发生率显著低于对照组(P0.01)。结论:小切口改良甲状腺切除术较传统甲状腺切除术,能够缩短手术时间和术后住院,减少出血量,并具有较短的切口长度及较高的瘢痕美容评分,术后患者的满意度高,并发症的发生率低,值得在临床上进行推广。     

Paleoecological and microenvironmental aspects of the first European hominids inferred from the taphonomy of small mammals (Sima del Elefante,Sierra de Atapuerca,Spain)

Unit TE9 of the Sima del Elefante (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain), where the remains of Homo sp. have been discovered (1.2–1.3 Ma), is also a level rich in small mammals. The taphonomic study of these small vertebrates sheds light on the landscape that provided the setting for the activities of these early hominids and allows us to describe what the cave was like during the formation of the level. Small mammal predators identified in the study indicate that during this period the Sierra de Atapuerca was part of a large biome consisting of semi-open riparian forests with meadows nearby. Postdepositional alterations reveal that the production of fossils took place outside the cave, being transported inside by water currents. During the formation of TE9, the cave presented conditions of high humidity, which made it difficult for hominids to establish occupations inside, although these conditions became somewhat less severe in TE9c, the sublevel where human remains are found.     

小骨窗微创手术治疗高血压脑出血患者的疗效

目的:分析小骨窗微创手术在高血压脑出血患者的临床效果。方法:选取我院收治的高血压脑出血患者200例,按照治疗方式的不同分为观察组100例,对照组100例,观察组采用小骨窗微创手术治疗,对照组采用传统开颅手术治疗,对两组疗效及预后进行对比。结果:两组患者的术后残留血肿量较术前明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),观察组术后残留血肿量(10.3±2.8)m L,对照组术后残留血肿量(11.1±3.0)m L,两组之间术后血肿残留量比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组手术时间(92.8±15.5)分钟,对照组手术时间(125.4±16.1)分钟,观察组手术时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组住院时间(15.8±5.2)天,对照组住院时间(24.1±5.8)天,观察组住院时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。再出血率比较:观察组治疗后再出血率3.0%,对照组治疗后再出血率8.0%,观察组出血率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。NDS及ADL比较:两组治疗后NDS及ADL均优于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组NDS及ADL均显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。GCS比较:两组评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:小骨窗微创手术可以改善患者的预后,可显著提高高血压脑出血治疗效果。     

The efficiency of two widely used commercial live-traps to develop monitoring protocols for small mammal biodiversity

Biodiversity monitoring programs have been implemented worldwide as a source of information on ecosystem functioning. However, controversy concerning the indicators that should be monitored, and the development of adequate monitoring protocols for multi-species communities still hamper such implementation, especially in the case of small mammals. We analyze differences in the efficiency of the two most widely used commercial traps (Longworth and Sherman) working simultaneously in eight different mountain habitats in Andorra country (NE Iberia) as a first step for establishing standardized sampling protocols for species-rich small mammal communities. From summer 2008 to fall 2010 (six sampling occasions) we captured a total of 728 small mammal individuals (1445 including recaptures) of 13 species (12 in Longworth and 11 in Sherman, 10 species shared). Despite some specific biases (underestimation of two large species by Longworth traps and underestimation of one small species by Sherman traps), estimates of community parameters and similarity indexes, sampling efficiency (number of small mammals trapped), detectability, mean weight, and sex-ratio of the most abundant species, were similar for both sampling methods. Our results suggested that both trap models could be used interchangeably – without relevant biases – in small mammal community assessments where large species are infrequent. Focussing monitoring programs on highly detectable small mammal species (common species) would allow the establishment of robust monitoring programs aimed at reducing the time invested and economic costs.     

高龄患者血液感染常见革兰阴性杆菌及其耐药性分析

目的分析本院80~100岁高龄患者血液感染常见革兰阴性杆菌的种类及其耐药状况,为本院合理使用抗生素提供依据。方法采用BacT/Alert 3D血培养仪对血液标本进行阳性鉴定;VITEK-2Compact全自动微生物鉴定仪进行鉴定;K-B纸片扩散法对抗菌药物进行敏感性测定;使用WHONET 5.4分析软件分析数据。结果本院高龄患者血液培养阳性标本中共分离出革兰阴性杆菌108株,以肠杆菌科细菌为主,其次为非发酵菌,前者主要为大肠埃希菌52株(48.15%)和肺炎克雷伯菌37株(34.26%),后者主要包括铜绿假单胞菌10株(9.26%)和鲍曼不动杆菌8株(7.41%)。其中大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南的耐药率分别为1.92%和13.51%,两者对氨苄西林、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、头孢唑林、头孢呋辛的耐药率均高于50.00%;铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南的耐药率分别为20.00%和25.00%,后者对其他抗菌药物的耐药率均高于前者。结论碳青酶烯类抗生素可作为本院高龄患者常见革兰阴性杆菌所致血液感染的首选药物;但在治疗中应考虑细菌的耐药特点及患者的代谢特点合理选择抗生素。     

Copalic acid analogs down-regulate androgen receptor and inhibit small chaperone protein

Copalic acid, one of the diterpenoid acids in copaiba oil, inhibited the chaperone function of α-crystallin and heat shock protein 27 kD (HSP27). It also showed potent activity in decreasing an HSP27 client protein, androgen receptor (AR), which makes it useful in prostate cancer treatment or prevention. To develop potent drug candidates to decrease the AR level in prostate cancer cells, more copalic acid analogs were synthesized. Using the level of AR as the readout, 15 of the copalic acid analogs were screened and two compounds were much more potent than copalic acid. The compounds also dose-dependently inhibited AR positive prostate cancer cell growth. Furthermore, they inhibited the chaperone activity of α-crystallin as well.