应用一元线性模型理论确定立地条件主导因子——朝阳低山丘陵区农田防护林立地条件类型的划分

本文用一元线性模型理论分析了辽宁西部朝阳、建平、喀左和北票(市)4县17个乡范围内的农田防护林主要树种——杨树(Populus spp.)、白榆(Ulumus pumila)的优势高与地形地貌、土壤肥力等立地条件因子的关系,确定地貌类型、坡位和土层厚度是本区农田防护林立地条件的主导因子,然后以地貌类型为单元将本区农田防护林的立地条件划分为3个大类型。在此基础上,再用坡位和土层厚度分级与3个大类型组合细分为6个基本类型。最后确定各立地条件类型的适宜树种,并定量地评价主要树种对各立地条件类型的适宜性。     

不列颠·哥伦比亚省北部小杆松及白云杉立地指数与生态立地质量的关系

为在ＰｒｉｎｃｅＲｕｐｅｒｔ林区的“亚北方”部分建立生态立地质量与森林生产力的联系,对从９３个小杆松林分和７７个白云杉林分获得的数据进行了分析．所研究的林分处于两个气候状况、８个土壤水分状况以及５个土壤养分状况．这些气候、土壤水分和养分状况被视为等级变量用于林地分类和回归分析．小杆松和白云杉的立地指数随土壤水分和养分状况变化而变化,但不依赖于气候变化．与土壤水分相关的变化格局对两个种来说很相似,但与土壤养分相关的变化格局则全然不同．在所建立的５类回归模型中,土壤小区模型对于两个种都显示出立地指数与土壤水分和养分状况具有很强的相互关系（Ｒ２＞０．８０,ＳＥＥ≤１．６ｍ）．可以认为土壤水分和养分的等级度量在大范围内可作为小杆松和白云杉立地指数的预测预报因子．     

Chemical genomics: a challenge for de novo drug design

De novo design provides an in silico toolkit for the design of novel small molecular structures to a set of specified structural constraints. With the avalanche of bioinformatics data, de novo design is ideally suited for exploring molecules that could be useful for chemical genomics. The design process involves manipulation of the input, modification of structural constraints, and further processing of the de novo generated molecules using various modular toolkits. The development of a theoretical framework for each of these stages will provide novel practical solutions to the problem of creating compounds with maximal chemical diversity. This short review describes the fundamental problems encountered in the application of novel chemical design technologies to chemical genomics by means of a formal representation. This notation helps to outline and clarify ideas and hypotheses that can then be explored using mathematical algorithms. It is only by developing this rigorous foundation that in silico design can progress in a rational way.     

Previous experience and site tenacity in the orb spider Nephila (Araneae,Araneidae)

Summary The tenacity of the orb spider Nephila clavipes to a web site was studied in the laboratory. No differences were found between the giving-up-times and the site tenacity of spiders reared in the laboratory or those caught in the field, nor between spiders raised under a poor or a richt diet. The animals left sites at random and seemed to ignore experiences gained at previous sites.     

吉林桦甸寿山仙人洞旧石器遗址试掘报告

本文记述了吉林烨甸寿山仙人洞遗址试掘所发现的４７件石制品及伴生动物化石１２种．依动物化石和石器特征分析,将其地质时代暂定为晚更新世后段,考古年代为旧石器时代晚期．１９９１年５—６月间．吉林大学考古学系在吉林地区进行旧石器野外考古调查时,在桦甸市榆木桥子镇发现了寿山仙人洞旧石器时代遗址,并进行了试掘,在距洞口７米处开了一个横向１×３米深沟,出土了较丰富的文化遗物：４７件石制品,少量的骨制品,以及大量的哺乳动物化石和一些鸟类化石．     

中国古人类活动遗址形成过程研究的进展与思考

中国境内分布着数千处古人类活动遗址,是早期人类演化与适应行为研究的重要区域.虽然以往的研究一直关注地学手段在解读遗址地貌和地层形成过程中的作用,然而,作为正确鉴别遗址完整性和早期人类生存行为研究的遗址形成过程(或遗址成因)分析,长期以来缺少系统性的研究和关键指标的选择.本文结合古人类活动遗址保存的地貌和主要沉积物类型,...     

长江三峡库区玉溪遗址的环境与人类活动的孢粉记录

对玉溪遗址剖面53个地层样品和附近山地的9个现代表土样品进行了孢粉分析,结果表明:玉溪文化时期(6 000a.BP—7 200a.BP)孢粉组合以乔灌木为主,草本次之,蕨类孢子含量较少。乔灌木中以松属、桦木属、栎属占绝对优势;草本中藜科、蒿属含量较高;蕨类孢子以凤尾蕨为主。孢粉谱反映了较为湿润的气候特征。表土孢粉以超代表性的松属占绝对优势,可能是植被群落演替过程中松属植物作为先锋种类表现在演替初级阶段具有明显生长优势的结果,表土孢粉组合基本与当地植被状况相吻合。本研究在14 C测年基础上结合其它代用指标发现在剖面上部第4—8层和下部淤泥层中Rb/Sr值较高且乔灌木花粉百分含量明显增加,可以解释为该段淤泥层为古洪水遗迹,洪水可能有利于对孢粉的富集。地层剖面中文化层与淤泥层呈现交互沉积,表明周期性的洪水事件影响到了人类活动的连续性。     

EXPANSION OF TRIPLEX RECOGNITION CODES BY THE USE OF NOVEL BICYCLIC NUCLEOSIDE DERIVATIVES (WNA)

Recently, we have developed new base analogs (WNA) and demonstrated that WNA·T with thymine and WNA·C with cytosine stabilize non-natural antiparallel triplexes with a TA or a CG interrupting site, respectively. However, limitations in recognizable sequences with the WNAcontaining TFO were also found. The objective of this study is to search better WNA analogs for expansion of triplex recognition codes to general duplex sequences. In this study, we designed new WNA analogs by systematic modification of the aromatic part and the recognition part. The new WNA analogs with the benzene ring substituted with bromide or cyanide have determined for selective stabilization of triplexes at a TA interrupting site, and general formation of triplexes having a TA interrupting site has been achieved.     

Nutrient dynamics of drained peatland forests

Forest drainage has been used rather widely to improve tree growth in peatlands in northern and northeastern Europe and some parts of North America. The consequent fundamental change in the vegetation presumably gives rise to a concomitant change in the distribution of nutrients within the ecosystem. We investigated the post-drainage dynamics of soil properties (top 30-cm) and tree stand biomass on a series of peatlands drained for forestry in Finland to evaluate the sufficiency of soil nutrient pools for production forestry, and the ability of a floristic-ecological peatland site type classification for estimating soil nutrient status. The nutrient dynamics were assessed by comparing the nutrient pools in a large number of peatland sites differing in drainage age. Drainage unambiguously influenced stand biomass and structure and, consequently, the nutrient pool bound in trees. Nevertheless, with the exception of Mg, ditching did not decrease soil nutrient pools over the 75-year observation period. Thus, the soil pools seem sufficient for forest production on these sites. The decreasing trend in the soil Mg pool points on a potential risk in the long run, however. Peat depth and temperature sum were identified as significant sources of variation for the soil nutrient pools. Using soil Ca, K, Fe and N pools, on average 49% of our sites were grouped correctly according to the floristic-ecological site type classification. This classification most successfully described soil nutrient status among the most nutrient-poor sites. We concluded that the floristic-ecological classification of drained peatlands successfully describes their production potential, but not their total nutrient pools in varying thermoclimatic conditions.     

A rapid and cost-effective tool for managing habitats of the European Natura 2000 network: a case study in the Italian Alps

“Habitats” Directive 92/43/EEC is the pivotal European law for building a continental network of sites of community importance (SCIs) for nature conservation. Article 6 of such directive underlines the importance of biodiversity conservation through the realization of proper management plans. As a result, such plans are increasingly common. A management plan based on intensive field studies and monitoring activities requires time and financial resources, which are generally limited. The aim of this paper is to offer a rapid, cost-effective and scientifically based decision tool aimed to achieve GIS-based conservation strategies for habitats of EU interest within SCIs and, in general, within protected areas. As a case study, we considered species-rich Nardus grasslands (threatened by natural reconversion and intensive cattle grazing), and transition mires (threatened by pasturing and human disturbance) in a SCI in the Alps. Through a multi-criteria evaluation, we selected indicators and weights based upon our knowledge of the study area. As a result, we were able to: (a) quantify the level of existing threats, (b) suggest urgent conservation strategies, and (c) suggest future monitoring activities. Since the study area is representative of many protected areas in the Alps and the conservation topics under evaluation are frequent threats impacting habitats of EU interest, our decision model might be transferable to further areas given proper adaptation of weights to the intensity and the frequency of current threats.