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101.
Measuring Success: Evaluating the Restoration of a Grassy Eucalypt Woodland on the Cumberland Plain, Sydney, Australia 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Abstract We compared the floristic composition and structure of restoration areas of eucalypt woodland with untreated pasture (control) and remnant vegetation (reference) in western Sydney. The restored areas comprised over 1,000 ha of abandoned pasture, which had been treated to reduce weeds and planted with seedlings of 26 native plant species raised from seed obtained locally from remnant vegetation. Plantings were carried out 0–9 years ago. Floristic composition was measured in quadrats using frequency scores and cover abundance. As far as possible treatments and restoration ages were replicated across sites. Ordination and analyses of similarity failed to distinguish the composition of restored vegetation from that of untreated pasture, which were both significantly different from that of remnant vegetation. There was a weak compositional trend with age of restored vegetation, but this was not in the direction of increasing resemblance to remnant vegetation. There was some evidence for convergence in structural features of restored with remnant vegetation, but this was at least partly attributed to plant growth. Subject to constraints imposed by the sampling design, environmental factors, and spatial variation were discounted as explanations for the results. The results therefore suggest either failure of restoration treatments or a restoration trajectory that is too slow to detect within 10 years of establishment. Our conclusions agree with those of similar studies in other ecosystems and support: (1) the need to monitor restoration projects against ecological criteria with rigorous sampling designs and analytical methods, (2) further development of restoration methods, and (3) regulatory approaches that seek to prevent damage to ecosystems rather than those predicated on replacing losses with reconstructed ecosystems. 相似文献
102.
The polyamine-derived amino acid hypusine: its post-translational formation in eIF-5A and its role in cell proliferation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Myung Hee Park Young Ae Joe Kee Ryeon Kang Young Bok Lee Edith C. Wolff 《Amino acids》1996,10(2):109-121
Summary The unusual amino acid hypusine [N
-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine] is a unique component of one cellular protein, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF-5A, old terminology, eIF-4D). It is formed posttranslationally and exclusively in this protein in two consecutive enzymatic reactions, (i) modification of a single lysine residue of the eIF-5A precursor protein by the transfer of the 4-aminobutyl moiety of the polyamine spermidine to its-amino group to form the intermediate, deoxyhypusine [N
-(4-aminobutyl)lysine] and (ii) subsequent hydroxylation of this intermediate to form hypusine. The amino acid sequences surrounding the hypusine residue are strictly conserved in all eukaryotic species examined, suggesting the fundamental importance of this amino acid throughout evolution. Hypusine is required for the activity of eIF-5Ain vitro. There is strong evidence that hypusine and eIF-5A are vital for eukaryotic cell proliferation. Inactivation of both of the eIF-5A genes is lethal in yeast and the hypusine modification appears to be a requirement for yeast survival (Schnier et al., 1991 [Mol Cell Biol 11: 3105–3114]; Wöhl et al., 1993 [Mol Gen Genet 241: 305–311]). Furthermore, inhibitors of either of the hypusine biosynthetic enzymes, deoxyhypusine synthase or deoxyhypusine hydroxylase, exert strong anti-proliferative effects in mammalian cells, including many human cancer cell lines. These inhibitors hold potential as a new class of anticancer agents, targeting one specific eukaryotic cellular reaction, hypusine biosynthesis. 相似文献
103.
Dominique de Moulins 《Vegetation History and Archaeobotany》1996,5(1-2):153-156
Results of experimental retrieval of plant remains (both charred modern and fossil) from three sediment types (clay, gravel
and sandy loam) carried out by environmental archaeologists from the Ancient Monuments Laboratory and the Central Archaeology
Service, English Heritage, are reported. For each sediment type, six different treatments were carried out using three flotation
machines of the Siraf type, two other machines in use in two archaeological units and one experimental machine. The results
show that there is invariably considerable discrepancy between the amount of plant material present and that recovered, that
the Serif-type machine is among the best currently available and that pretreatment of particular mineral soils may improve
recovery of plant macrofossil material. 相似文献
104.
铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu, Zn-SOD)表面的赖氨酸经化学修饰后, 酶的稳定性显著提高. 赖氨酸被修饰后, 酶的电荷结构遂发生变化, 从而影响到酶分子电场. 使用FDPB方法(有限差分法求解Poission-Boltzman方程)计算了酶修饰前后的静电场变化, 以及对维持酶的结构稳定起重要作用的Cu, Zn配位结构的影响.结果表明, Cu, Zn配位体的两级离解常数在酶修饰后分别约下降103, 106. 相似文献
105.
106.
107.
报道了一种修饰SOD的方法。所得硬脂酸修饰SOD比活力为每毫克蛋白10000单位,经鉴定已达均一程度。测得其分子量为35000.修饰SOD和天然SOD在紫外光区的最大吸收均在265nm。修饰SOD对温度、pH、蛋白酶水解的稳定性比天然SOD增强,且免疫原性消除。在低浓度的某些有机介质中活性比在水中高。 相似文献
108.
用化学修饰、内源荧光和荧光淬灭等方法研究了油麻藤凝集素(MSL)的溶液构象变化和微环境的构象特征。研究发现MSL分子中总共有9个色氨酸(Trp)残基,它们的荧光能被丙烯酰胺淬灭,但不易为KI接近而淬灭,MSL经N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)修饰后,其内源性荧光发射谱发生相应变化,结果表明MSL分子中部分Trp残基埋藏于分子内部,而位于分子表面的Trp残基可能处于分子的疏水袋中。 相似文献
109.
用自制的氨基PEG化试剂rIL-2进行化学修饰,研究了试剂浓度,溶液pH,反应时间等与PEca-rIL-2产率及IL-2活性保持之间的关系,建立了一套获得稳定修饰度的PEG-rIL-2的方法。研究发现,反应时间跟修饰度关系不大;溶液pH对修饰度有一定的影响,中性pH以上反应都可进行;而试剂浓度直接决定修饰度的高低,过量越多,修饰度越高,而生物活性保留也越低;但低度修饰,对活性几乎没有影响,可保留活性在95%左右。 相似文献
110.
水稻巯基蛋白酶抑制剂(CPI)经用二硫苏糖醇,对氯汞苯甲酸和碘乙酸修饰后,对木瓜蛋白酶的抑制活性并无改变;用N-乙基顺丁烯二酰亚胺与CPI反应,可以测出CPI分子内有19个巯基被修饰,被修饰后,抑制活性仍无改变,表明水稻CPI的抑制活性不需要巯基参与;应用N-溴代丁二酰亚胺与CPI反应,可测出CPI分子内有2个Trp被修饰,修饰后,抑制活性全部丧失,表明Trp是保持抑制活性所必需的基团。水稻巯基蛋白酶抑制剂和丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂对稻瘟病菌丝体的生长均有抑制作用,但后者的抑制作用比前者更强,若将两种抑制剂混合使用,则对稻瘟病菌丝体的抑制作用非常强烈;当抑制剂加入量达72μg时,即可产生明显的抑制作用。 相似文献