黄鼬肛腺分泌物的挥发性成分

利用顶空取样、溶剂解吸附和气质联用技术分析了黄鼬（Mustela sibirica)肛腺分泌物的挥发性成分。鉴定出的六种化合物均为含硫的环状有机物：（1）2,2－二甲基硫代环丁烷;（2）顺或反2,4－二甲基硫代环丁烷;（3）反－2,3－二甲基硫代环丁烷;（4）2－乙基硫代环丁烷;（5）2－丙基硫代环丁烷;（6）3,3－二甲基－1,2－二硫代环戊烷。尽管黄鼬肛腺成分的组成和鼬鼠其它种存在很大的相似性,但是成分组成的种间差异很明显。另外,2－乙基硫代环丁烷仅存在于雌性黄鼬中。很多研究已经证明对鼠类有驱赶作用的2,2－二甲基硫代环丁烷和2－丙基硫代环丁烷在黄鼬肛腺分泌物同时存在,说明黄鼬肛腺分泌物对鼠类可能有很强的驱避作用。     

稻麦轮作FACE系统平台I.系统结构与控制

在稻麦轮作水稻田建立FACE系统 (Free AirCO2 Enrichment) ,即CO2 浓度的控制和监测系统平台 .利用计算机网络系统对平台的CO2 浓度进行监测控制 ,根据大气中的CO2 浓度、风向、风速 ,作物冠层高度的CO2 浓度及昼夜等因素的变化调节CO2 气体的释放速度及方向 ,实现FACE圈的CO2 浓度高于周围大气CO2 浓度 2 0 0 μmol·mol-1.试验表明 ,影响控制精度的主要因素有风速、作物和土壤呼吸作用和扩散层高度 .经过控制方程参数调整 ,在白天 ,控制精度达到 80 %的时间占总时间的白天达到 83% ,夜晚为6 8% .FACE圈内的CO2 分布基本均匀 .平均CO2 设置浓度白天为 5 5 7mol·mol-1,晚上为 6 0 8mol·mol-1.圈内CO2 浓度分布基本上沿放气管对称分布 ,由边沿向中心逐步降低 .2 0 0 1年水稻生长季节平均控制精度 (TAR)达到白天 1.0 3和晚间 1.0 9.     

不同性别和年龄的大仓鼠对黄鼬气味的反应

将雌性成体和雌雄亚成体大仓鼠 (Cricetulustriton)长期 (4周 )暴露给过量的黄鼬 (Mustelasibirica)肛腺分泌物 ,观察其行为和生理状态的变化 ,并通过与我们以前有关黄鼬气味对成年雄鼠影响的研究结果进行比较 ,表明黄鼬气味对不同性别和不同年龄大仓鼠的胁迫效应和生殖抑制存在差异。发现黄鼬气味对雌性大仓鼠的影响较雄性小 ,对亚成体的影响较成体小 ,这与雌性和未成年动物对各种胁迫因素的反应更敏感的普遍现象相反。在成年鼠中 ,雌雄鼠的攻击行为都受到黄鼬气味的抑制 ;但天敌气味使雌性的胁腺膨大 ,对胁腺标记和肾上腺大小无影响 ;成年雄鼠的肾上腺膨大 ,胁腺萎缩 ,标记减少。在亚成体中 ,除了雄性胁腺受到抑制(与成年雄鼠相同 )外 ,雌雄鼠的肾上腺和雌性的胁腺未受影响。亚成体实验鼠的体重都比对照组低 ,但成年鼠的体重未受影响。另外 ,与以往对其它鼠类的研究结果一致 ,天敌气味并不影响成年鼠的生殖器官 ,却抑制了未成年雄鼠的附睾和未成年雌鼠的子宫。这些差异可能和生理基础的性二态以及可能面临的被捕食风险大小有关     

生物制药发展状况、方向及相关技术平台

自从生物技术应用于医药工业后,生物制药得以迅速发展。生物制药呈现出克隆技术、血管发生、基因治疗、药物基因组学等新的发展方向。基于现阶段基因治疗、基因工程药物、转基因植物、克隆动物、诊断试剂等相关成果和产业,基因组、生物芯片、干细胞、生物信息学、神经科学等相关技术平台的建立和完善将会对生物制药的发展起着重要的作用。     

Specific Features of Development of Megagametophytes and Embryos of the Siberian Stone Pine in vitro

Seedlings were grown in vitro from fertilized eggs and immature embryos of the Siberian stone pine. Cultivation of megagametophytes on a hormone-containing Murashige-Skoog medium from the egg formation until the globular embryo stage made it possible to manipulate fertilization and embryogenesis. Immature embryos are the most promising for in vitrocultivation. Their maturation and germination proceed within seven days of cultivation. When zygotic embryos were cultivated, adventitious buds were formed from cells at the cotyledon base and tips. When adventitious buds were subcultivated on a medium containing benzylaminopurine and naphthylacetic acid, organogenic callus and shoots were formed. Thus, cultivation of megagametophytes and embryos of the Siberian stone pine led to the completion of embryogenesis and formation of viable of seedlings.     

Ladinian carbonates of the Cabo Cope Unit (Betic Cordillera,SE Spain): a tethys-maláguide palaeogeographic gateway

Summary The Cabo Cope Unit, which outcrops east of Aguilas (Murcia), belongs to the Maláguide tectonic Complex (Betic Internal Zone) and displays stratigraphic characteristics of particular interest, including Triassic bioclastic carbonate beds which are not common in the Maláguide units. Biostratigrafic fossils have been found in these beds and may correlate with Triassic alpine biofacies. Alpine fauna fossils only appeared in those palaeogeographic units of the Internal Zone of the Cordillera referred to as Alpujárride units, while the influence of the Sephardic faunal province is evident in almost all the cordillera. For these reasons it is noteworthy that new alpine fauna fossils have been found in an Internal Zone unit in which relevant fossils rarely appear. The Triassic succession of the unit studied in this paper can be subdivided into two members: a lower one, which is clastic and contains thick gypsum beds, and an upper one, consisting of carbonate rocks. The lower member has been interpreted as a fluvial-coastal deposit. The upper member is interpreted as a sequence of carbonate ramp deposits. This ramp evolved into a shallow platform with tidal flats typical of a coastal zone. The bivalve fossilsDaonella cf.lommeli (Wissmann) and “Posidonia” sp. have been found in the carbonate member, along with the conodontSephardiella mungoensis (Diebel). These fossils are of the Late Ladinian age and have been found only in this outcroup of the Betic Cordillera. The presence of this fossil assemblage, which belongs to the alpine faunal province, indicates a connection during the Late Ladinian between the Tethys sea and this area of the Maláguide palaeogeographic domain. The palaeogeographic location of the Cabo Cope Unit during the Middle Triassic was at the south-easternmost part of the Betic Basin, implying that the connection between the Tethys and the Betic Basin was established in the easternmost domains of the basin.     

Morphogenesis of the eye of Siberian sturgeon

The most relevant changes in Acipenser baeri eye organization were detected between hatching and 5 days post hatch. At this age, the eye had an anterior chamber, lens, iris, choroid gland, scleral cartilage, cornea and a vitreous chamber lined by the retina (with two photoreceptors: rods and single cones).     

ABI PGM测序平台用于细菌基因组de novo测序的评价

为了探索加快细菌基因组研究的方法,利用ABI PGM测序平台测定了1株单细胞硫还原地杆菌的基因组序列。测序共获得1.4 Gbp数据,平均读长为177 bp。通过多个拼接软件并采用合适的组装策略,得到一个完整细菌基因组3.55 Mbp和一条完整质粒序列110 kbp。测定基因组序列与参考基因组kn400序列的相似性达到94%,参考基因组91%的基因能在测定基因组中找到相似基因。通过本研究表明采用ABI PGM测序平台结合灵活的拼接策略可快速构建细菌基因组精细图谱,为进一步的功能注释及深入的信息分析提供准确的数据,大大加快研究进程。     

鄱阳湖围垦区藕塘生境小天鹅与白鹤的种间关系

鄱阳湖是小天鹅（Cygnus columbianus）和白鹤（Leucogeranus leucogeranus）极为重要的越冬地,它们均主要以沉水植物苦草（Vallisneriaspp.）冬芽为食,且通过觅食空间生态位分化减少种间竞争。近年来,鄱阳湖苦草冬芽锐减导致大量小天鹅和白鹤由自然生境转移到南昌五星白鹤保护小区的藕塘觅食。大量小天鹅和白鹤集中在小片藕塘觅食可能导致种间竞争强度增加。因此,本研究以五星白鹤保护小区藕塘为研究地点,于2021年11月10日至25日,采用瞬时扫描法和焦点动物法调查了藕塘与白鹤混群和不与白鹤混群时小天鹅的日间行为、单次取食时间和每分钟摄食成功频次,并采用单因素方差分析或Mann-WhitneyU检验对数据进行统计分析。结果表明,小天鹅日间行为主要以觅食（45.59%）、运动（17.05%）和休息（15.92%）为主。小天鹅和白鹤混群时的觅食行为比例和单次觅食时间显著高于不混群时,表明小天鹅主要通过增加觅食时间以应对种间竞争的负面影响,满足能量需求。小天鹅混群时的每分钟摄食成功频次显著高于不混群时,这可能是由于小天鹅通过摆动脚蹼或者扁平喙啄食的方式较难取食...     

GMP issues for recombinant plant-derived pharmaceutical proteins

Recombinant proteins can be produced in a diverse array of plant-based systems, ranging from whole plants growing in the soil to plant suspension cells growing in a fully-defined synthetic medium in a bioreactor. When the recombinant proteins are intended for medical use (plant-derived pharmaceutical proteins, PDPs) they fall under the same regulatory guidelines for manufacturing that cover drugs from all other sources, and when such proteins enter clinical development this includes the requirement for production according to good manufacturing practice (GMP). In principle, the well-characterized GMP regulations that apply to pharmaceutical proteins produced in bacteria and mammalian cells are directly transferrable to plants. In practice, the cell-specific terminology and the requirement for a contained, sterile environment mean that only plant cells in a bioreactor fully meet the original GMP criteria. Significant changes are required to adapt these regulations for proteins produced in whole-plant systems and it is only recently that the first GMP-compliant production processes using plants have been delivered.