镜泊湖岩溶台地不同植被类型土壤微生物群落特征

为了探讨不同演替阶段植被类型土壤微生物群落特征,分别选取镜泊湖岩溶台地草本、矮灌木、高灌木、小乔木与灌木混生(简称混生)群落、落叶阔叶林及针阔混交林6种典型植被类型,进行植物群落调查和对土壤微生物生物量、群落结构和多样性指标、土壤物理化学性质的测定。结果表明：从土壤微生物量、土壤微生物群落组成、土壤微生物代谢动力学过程和代谢功能多样性的角度来看,各种植被类型土壤微生物群落具有明显的差异。演替前期的草本群落土壤微生物量碳氮、细菌生物量、真菌生物量,代谢活性及丰富度指数均最低,但Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和均匀度指数显著(P<0.05)高于其他植被类型。矮灌木土壤微生物群落组成显著受植被类型的影响。高灌木群落和混生(小乔木与灌木混生)群落具有极强的相似性, 但在碳源利用类型上两者表现出一定的差异。落叶阔叶林代谢活性最高,碳源利用能力最强,能利用BIOLOG微孔板中的所有31种碳源,这与其具有较高的微生物量碳氮和细菌生物量一致,其代谢功能丰富度最高。演替后期的针阔混交林下的土壤pH最低,真菌比例升高,在碳源丰富的条件下具有极强的竞争优势(仅次于落叶阔叶林),但在碳源贫瘠的条件下其利用碳源能力较弱(仅高于草本)。植被可能主要通过土壤全磷和有机质影响土壤微生物代谢功能多样性。     

扎龙湿地白鹤春季停歇地昼间行为时间分配及活动规律

在2004年4～5月,采用瞬时扫描取样法对扎龙国家级自然保护区林甸芦苇沼泽区的野生白鹤(Grusleucogeranus)在春季迁徙停歇地的昼间各种行为进行了研究。结果表明,在整个观察时期内白鹤各种行为具有较强的规律性,活动时间分配比例为:觅食31%、游走27%、静栖19%、警戒17%、修饰6%。白鹤觅食行为在一天中有两个高峰,分别为早晨和黄昏;游走行为基本上与觅食行为呈正相变化,并且几乎每个游走高峰及低潮相应地伴随着觅食的高峰和低潮;由于渔民清晨下苇塘收鱼和放牧,在5:30～6:30和6:30～7:30两个时间段警戒行为比例最高;静栖行为基本与游走及觅食行为呈负相关,对比发现,静栖行为比例低于觅食行为,与笼养鹤类的情况存在一定的差异,原因可能是食物丰富度影响了野生状态下行为的时间分配;修饰行为所占比例较小,是由于修饰行为是非主要行为,其发生是随机的。天气状况对白鹤数量变化有一定影响,阴雨和大风天气,白鹤数量明显减少,鹤群转移。与正常天气情况相比,阴雨和大风对白鹤觅食、静栖和游走行为时间分配影响显著(P阴雨=0·000<0·05,P大风=0·000<0·05),觅食时间缩短,游走行为减少,静栖时间变长。     

Firmicutes is an Important Component of Microbial Communities in Water-Injected and Pristine Oil Reservoirs,Western Siberia,Russia

The dominant microbial components of fluids from wells in pristine and water-injected, high-temperature, Western Siberian oil fields, were analyzed by PCR-DGGE. Particular emphasis was placed on sulphate-reducing organisms, due to their ecological and industrial importance. Bacterial phylotypes obtained from the non-water-injected Stolbovoye oil field were more diverse than those from the Samotlor field, which is subject to secondary oil recovery by reinjection of recycled production water. The majority of phylotypes from both sites were related to Firmicutes. The low similarity to their closest relatives indicates unique bacterial communities in deep underground production waters and crude oil. Archaeal phylotypes detected only in the Samotlor samples were represented by Methanosarcinales and Methanobacteriales.     

小兴安岭地区原麝冬季食性研究

2004 年2 ～3 月和2004 年11 月至2005 年1 月在黑龙江省通河县龙口林场,对原麝冬季的食性进行了研究。采用粪便显微组织学分析技术分析原麝冬季采食植物的种类组成和比例,并测定了主要取食的9 种木本植物及苔藓和蕨类植物的营养成分。研究结果表明,原麝冬季取食的植物共计46 科66 种,其中兴安杜鹃、光萼溲疏、五角槭、羊胡子苔草分别占32.7%、7.8%、5.81%、5.56%, 是原麝冬季主要取食的植物种类,占取食植物的51.9% 。木本植物枝叶是原麝冬季的主要食物,在冬季食物组成中所占百分比最高, 达75.0% 。对草本植物、蕨类、苔藓、地衣的取食量均较小。冬季原麝比较喜欢采食蛋白含量高的植物,采食部位主要为植物木质化较低的当年枝顶端部分。藓类主要出现在1 ～3 月份的食物中。     

基于学习通平台的生物化学线上教学模式的探索与实践

为适应新型冠状病毒肺炎时期线上教学的需求,本文结合生物化学课程特点,对生物化学线上教学模式进行了探索与实践。依托学习通平台创建网络课程,整合、优化线上教学资源,利用学习通同步课堂实时互动,及时进行形成性评价及反馈,保证教学质量。在此总结线上教学经验,希望为生物化学线上教学提供参考。     

Enigmatic dinosaur trackways from the lower jurassic (Pliensbachian) of the Sarca valley,Northeast Italy

Four large limestone blocks with dinosaur footprints have been discovered in a large landslide situated in the Sarca Valley (northeast Italy). The trampled sediments have been ascribed to the upper part (Pliensbachian) of the Lower Jurassic Calcari Grigi Formation, which in the Sarca Valley consists of oolitic‐bioclastic limestones. These carbonates were originally deposited on the western margin of the Trento Platform, a paleogeographic structural high that was located in the northern tropical belt at the westernmost end of Tethys. Several footprints form trackways of quadrupedal dinosaurs. The data suggest the presence, within the ichnoassociation, of possible prosauropods and basal Thyrephora. This inference is consistent with the chronological and geographical distribution of both prosauropods and Thyreophora.     

New upper permian superfamily compositelasmatoidea (Brachiopoda, Terebratulida) from the east of the Russian platform: The specificity of ontogenetic transformations

A previously unknown type of ontogeny is discussed that unites features of two different types of loop development: the ancient dielasmoid type, which is typical of Upper Paleozoic terebratulids, and the angustothyridid type, which is typical of the Lower Mesozoic terebratulids. A new superfamily, Compositelasmatoidea, and a new family, Compositelasmatidae, with its type genus Compositelasma gen. nov., are established based on their unique ontogenetic changes.     

Synthesis and evaluation of aryliden- and hetarylidenfuranone derivatives of usnic acid as highly potent Tdp1 inhibitors

Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1) is a repair enzyme for stalled DNA-topoisomerase 1 (Top 1) cleavage complexes and other 3′-end DNA lesions. Tdp1 is a promising target for anticancer therapy, since it can repair DNA lesions caused by Top1 inhibitors leading to drug resistance. Hence, Tdp1 inhibition should result in synergistic effect with Top1 inhibitors. Twenty nine derivatives of (+)-usnic acid were tested for in vitro Tdp1 inhibitory activity using a fluorescent-based assay. Excellent activity was obtained, with derivative 6m demonstrating the lowest IC₅₀ value of 25?nM. The established efficacy was verified using a gel-based assay, which gave close results to that of the fluorescent assay. In addition, molecular modeling in the Tdp1 substrate binding pocket suggested plausible binding modes for the active analogues. The synergistic effect of the Tdp1 inhibitors with topotecan, a Top1 poison in clinical use, was tested in two human cell lines, A-549 and HEK-293. Compounds 6k and 6x gave very promising results. In particular, 6x has a low cytotoxicity and an IC₅₀ value of 63?nM, making it a valuable lead compound for the development of potent Tdp1 inhibitors for clinical use.     

草地植物群落物种多样性取样强度的研究

本文以羊草(Leymus chinensis)-杂类草群落和贝加尔针茅(Stipa baicalensis)-线叶菊(Filifolium sibiricum)群落为代表,在东北松嫩平原研究了草地植物群落物种多样性的取样强度。巢式样方种-面积曲线结果表明：两个群落的最小面积均为1/4～1/2 m²。 Pielou积累样方多样性指数-取样数曲线结果表明：羊草-杂类草群落1、1/4、1/6 m²正方形样方最小取样数分别在12、22、28个左右; 贝加尔针茅-线叶菊群落分别在10、18、25个左右。群落水平结构的复杂性导致取样数目的增加。当积累样方数超过最小取样数后,多样性指数-取样数曲线进入平衡状态,上述3种取样面积的结果趋于一致,并在概率95%水平差异不显著。赞成小面积大数目的取样策略。