背阔肌肌皮瓣修复肩背部软组织肉瘤术后缺损研究

目的：分析背阔肌肌皮瓣在肩背部软组织肉瘤扩大切除术后缺损修复中的方便性及优越性。方法：选取临床确诊肩背部软组织肉瘤患者8例,行肩背部病灶扩大切除术后,依据背阔肌肌皮瓣解剖学特点,选择合适的背阔肌肌皮瓣转移修复肩背部缺损。结果：皮瓣全部存活,随访6月至28月,肩背部外形满意,日常活动无明显影响。结论：应用背阔肌肌皮瓣修复肩背部软组织肉瘤扩大术后缺损是一种行之有效的方法。该方法简单易行,临床效果明显。     

Locomotor decoupling and the origin of hominin bipedalism

Theoretical adaptive landscapes and mathematical representations of key constraints of evolutionary and primate biology are used to propose a new hypothesis for the origin of hominin bipedalism. These constraints suggest that the selective pressure that produced this novel form of locomotion was the need for effective suspensory and terrestrial movement. This testable hypothesis, termed the Decoupling Hypothesis, posits that bipedalism is an adaptation that enables the shoulder to maintain a high degree of mobility, a feature important to suspensory behaviors, in the face of significant demands for a high degree of stability, a feature important for highly effective terrestrial quadrupedism.     

骨折切开复位内固定手术与经皮钢板内固定手术治疗pilon III型骨折的临床研究

目的：分析比较切开复位内固定术与经皮钢板内固定术治疗pilon III型骨折的临床疗效,为治疗pilonIII型骨折选择更好的方法提供依据。方法：选取pilonIII型骨折患者7l例,随机分为对照组35例和观察组36例,比较两组的临床优良率、手术时间、血肿吸收和恢复时间以及后遗症症的发生情况。结果：对照组和观察组的优良率分别为74．29％、94．44％,差异有统计学意义,P〈O．05。观察组的手术时间、血肿吸收和恢复时间均较对照组有缩短,其中以手术时间和恢复时间差异显著,且不良反应相对较少,P〈0．05。结论：切开复位内固定术治疗pilonIII型骨折疗效优于经皮钢板内固定术,能缩短手术及恢复所需时间,对改善患者的预后有重大意义。     

围手术期综合护理对脊柱损伤并四肢骨折疗效的影响

目的：探讨固手术期系统综合护理对脊柱损伤并四肢骨折疗效的影响。方法：收集50例脊柱损伤并四肢骨折患者,按手术编号随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各25例,两组患者均采用内固定手术及常规治疗,但观察组围手术期配合综合系统护理,对照组不配合,连续观察至出院并随访6个月,比较护理对比两组患者临床疗效、并发症情况及疾病恢复时间的影响。结果：经治疗,两组患者均较前好转,且观察组临床有效率92％明显高于对照组84％（P〈0．05）;观察组并发症发生率28％明显低于对照组44％（P〈0．05）;术后疾病恢复时间观察组明显短于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：围手术期综合系统护理有助于脊柱损伤并四肢骨折术后恢复,能显著提高疗效、减少并发症,缩短疾病恢复时间,临床值得应推广实施。     

解剖型锁定钢板治疗Pilon骨折的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨解剖型锁定钢板治疗Pilon骨折的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选择2009年1月~2012年12月采用解剖型锁定钢板内固定治疗30例Pilon骨折患者为研究对象,所有患者在无明显手术禁忌情况下,均行开放复位钢板内固定术。术后采用Mazur评分系统评价手术效果。结果:本组全部患者均获得随访,骨折平均愈合时间为4.1个月;参照Mazur踝关节功能评分系统:优14例,良13例,可2例,差1例,优良率90%。仅1例开放性Pilon骨折患者发生皮肤感染坏死,局部缺损,经清创、VSD覆盖负压吸引,待新鲜肉芽组织形成后,行带蒂皮瓣移植术,愈合良好。结论:解剖型锁定钢板的解剖形态好,成角稳定,用于治疗Pilon骨折能够恢复关节面的完整性、稳定性,减少并发症的发生,临床效果好,安全性高。     

闭合复位与切开复位治疗桡骨远端骨折的疗效对比

目的:探讨闭合复位与切开复位对桡骨远端骨折患者的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2013年6月至2014年3月我院收治的60例桡骨远端骨折患者,随机数字表法分为切开复位组和闭合复位组,每组30例。闭合复位组患者给予闭合复位小夹板或石膏固定治疗,切开复位组患者给予切开复位内固定术治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后掌倾角、尺偏角以及桡骨长度、术中出血量和手术时间,骨折愈合时间以及患者临床疗效进行检测并比较。结果:与治疗前相比,治疗后患者的掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨长度水平均升高(P0.05);与闭合复位组相比,切开复位组患者掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨长度评分水平较高(P0.05),术中出血量、手术时间水平较高(P0.05),临床治疗的优良率较高(P0.05),两组患者的骨折愈合时间无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:与闭合复位相比,切开复位能够明显恢复桡骨远端骨折患者的掌倾角、尺偏角以及桡骨长度,但手术时间以及术中出血量较多,临床疗效较好,两组患者的骨折愈合时间无明显差异。     

微创经皮钢板联合锁定加压钢板固定术治疗胫骨干骺端骨折的临床疗效

目的:探讨微创经皮钢板固定技术(MIPPO)与锁定加压钢板(LCP)治疗胫骨干骺端骨折的临床疗效。方法:选择2013年6月-2015年6月在我院接受手术治疗的胫骨干骺端骨折患者103例作为研究对象,根据手术方法不同将所选患者分为三组。其中,联合手术组(35例)患者采用MIPPO联合LCP内固定术治疗,外固定组(33例)患者采用超关节外固定支架术治疗,内固定术组(35例)患者采用切开复位钢板内固定术治疗。观察并比较三种手术方法的临床效果及对患者骨关节功能的影响。结果:与外固定术组及内固定术组比较,联合手术组患者的手术时间短,术中出血量少,骨折愈合时间早,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);联合手术组患者的手术优良率高于外固定组和内固定组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);内固定组手术优良率高于外固定组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);联合手术组患者术后并发症的发生率低于外固定组及内固定组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);外固定组与内固定组术后并发症的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:MIPPO联合LCP内固定治疗胫骨干骺端骨折具有手术切口小、术中出血量少、术后并发症发生率低、骨折愈合快、关节功能恢复较好等优点,是治疗胫骨干骺端骨折的理想方法,值得临床推广应用。     

跟骨骨折手术治疗并发症原因分析及预防

目的:探讨手术内固定治疗跟骨骨折发生并发症的原因及预防.方法:2007年5月～2010年9月应用切开复位跟骨钛板和闭合橇拔复位斯氏针内固定术治疗的64例跟骨骨折患者中,对出现并发症的患者进行回顾性分析,探讨其发生并发症的可能原因.结果:其中2例切口感染浅表坏死,1例腓肠神经损伤,腓骨长短肌腱断裂1例,腓骨肌腱炎4例,创伤性关节炎5例,复位丢失3例.结论:应根据骨折类型选择恰当的治疗方案,正确把握手术时机、规范操作,可有效减少并发症,获得满意的疗效.     

Osteogenic growth peptide enhances the rate of fracture healing in rabbits

The discovery of growth factors, such as osteogenic growth peptide (OGP), that stimulate bone formation led to experiments to discover whether they can accelerate fracture healing. To determine whether OGP enhances the rate of healing in rabbits, fractures were made in the tibiae of New Zealand White rabbits and immobilized with either a plastic plate (unstable mechanical conditions), or a dynamic compression plate (stable mechanical conditions). OGP was administered to experimental animals by intravenous injection from day 4 until the day before sacrifice; control animals were not injected. After treatment with OGP, callus development under unstable mechanical conditions was accelerated. At 7 days, the cartilage in the centre of the callus was covered by bone and endochondral ossification had started; these events occur at 10 days in control fractures. Subsequently, endochondral ossification is completed earlier which allows the invasion of the fracture gap by cells, so that cortical union is complete by 21 to 28 days. In control fractures, bone is only beginning to form in the gaps at 28 days. There was no increase in the size of the callus in any of the experimental fractures compared to the untreated controls. Treatment with OGP has no observable effect on the rate of healing of fractures under stable mechanical conditions. These observations suggest that under unstable mechanical conditions only, the rate of callus formation and subsequent cortical healing is enhanced by treatment with OGP, but that the size of the callus is determined by mechanical and other factors.