650 nm激光穴位照射与针刺治疗良性前列腺增生症的疗效对比观察

目的:观察、评估650 nm激光照射穴位治疗良性前列腺增生症(中医辨证为肾阳虚)的临床疗效。方法:对30例良性前列腺增生症患者,采用650 nm激光,照射会阴、关元、肾俞,并随机选取30例,用针刺治疗作临床对比观察,针刺肾俞、秩边、关元、命门、足三里、脾俞、三阴交、次髎等穴。结果:激光照射穴位与针刺治疗均对良性前列腺增生症有较好的疗效,两组治疗前后症状评分、尿动力学均有显著的改变(P<0.05),但两者的临床疗效差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:650 nm激光穴位照射是临床治疗良性前列腺增生症(肾阳虚型)的有效治疗方法之一,值得深入研究。     

难培养菌的多条带PCR产物产生原因分析

【目的】分析严重威胁柑橘产业发展的毁灭性病害——柑橘黄龙病的强致病性病原亚洲种“Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus”的种群多样性研究中出现多条带PCR产物的原因,为难培养菌的分子生物学研究提供参考。【方法】通过使用PCR、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)和测序相结合分析“Ca. L. asiaticus”基因组上2个短串联重复(Short tandem repeats,STR)基因的PCR产物。【结果】单个菌株可扩增获得多个PCR条带且其扩增产物多态性受寄主品种影响;这2个STR基因的PCR产物在菌株间呈明显的多态性;扩增所获得的序列可来自“Ca. L. asiaticus”本身,也可来自其寄主或内生菌。【结论】难培养菌的STR基因PCR产物多态性产生的主要原因是该基因内部的串联重复序列数目存在差异,但目的菌及外源物种(寄主或内生菌等)基因组的非特异性扩增也是影响其多态性的因素。     

Photoacoustic microscopy of electronic acupuncture (EA) effect in small animals

Acupuncture has been an effective treatment for various pain in China for several thousand years. However, the mechanisms underlying this mysterious ancient healing are still largely unknown. Here we applied photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) to investigate brain hemodynamic changes in response to electronic acupuncture (EA) at ST36 (Zusanli). Due to the high optical absorption of blood at 532 nm, PAM could sensitively probe changes in hemoglobin concentration (HbT, i.e., cerebral blood volume [CBV]) of cortical regions in high resolution. Six healthy mice were stimulated at the acupoint and three healthy mice were stimulated at sham points. Remarkable CBV changes in sensorimotor and retrosplenial agranular cortex were observed. Results showed the potential of PAM as a visualization tool to study the acupuncture effect on brain hemodynamics in animal models.

( a ) Schematic showing the stimulation points. ( b ) B‐scan images overlaid with mouse atlas. ( c ) & ( d ) Statistical results of CBV changes from cortical regions.     

Repolarisation and vulnerability to re-entry in the human heart with short QT syndrome arising from KCNQ1 mutation--a simulation study

Idiopathic short QT syndrome (SQTS) is a recently identified, genetically heterogeneous condition characterised by abbreviated QT intervals and an increased susceptibility to arrhythmia and sudden death. This simulation study identifies mechanisms by which cellular electrophysiological changes in the SQT2 (slow delayed rectifier, I_Ks, -linked) SQTS variant increases arrhythmia risk. The channel kinetics of the V307L mutation of the KCNQ1 subunit of the I_Ks channel were incorporated into human ventricular action potential (AP) models and into 1D and 2D transmural tissue simulations. Incorporating the V307L mutation into simulations reproduced defining features of the SQTS: abbreviation of the QT interval, and increases in T wave amplitude and T_peak–T_end duration. In the single-cell model, the V307L mutation abbreviated ventricular cell AP duration at 90% repolarisation (APD₉₀) and increased the maximal transmural voltage heterogeneity (δV) during APs; this resulted in augmented transmural heterogeneity of APD₉₀ and of the effective refractory period (ERP). In the intact tissue model, the vulnerable window for unidirectional conduction block was also increased. In 2D tissue the V307L mutation facilitated and maintained reentrant excitation. Thus, in SQT2 increases in transmural heterogeneity of APD, δV, ERP and an increased vulnerable window for unidirectional conduction block generate an electrical substrate favourable to reentrant arrhythmia.     

电针对帕金森病模型小鼠黑质铁染色细胞和铁蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨电针防治帕金森病的作用机制。方法采用1-甲基-4-苯基1,2,3,6四氢吡啶腹腔注射建立帕金森病小鼠模型,利用组织化学技术以及免疫组织化学技术观察电针对帕金森病小鼠脑黑质铁染色细胞和铁蛋白表达的影响。结果模型组1周、2周、4周小鼠黑质铁染色阳性细胞的数量较正常组明显增多,染色强度也明显增强（P〈0．001;P〈0．01;P〈0．001）,电针在3个存活期内均可明显减少帕金森病小鼠黑质铁阳性细胞的数量和染色强度（P〈0．001;P〈0．05;P〈0．001）;模型组1周、2周黑质部位铁蛋白的表达与正常组相比都有不同程度下降（P〈0．01;P〈0．001）,而电针组2周帕金森病小鼠黑质铁蛋白的表达与模型组相比显著增加（P〈0．01）。结论电针可以通过降低脑内铁的含量,同时增加铁蛋白的表达,从而提高帕金森病模型小鼠脑抗氧化能力,达到保护黑质多巴胺能神经元的目的。     

左旋四氢巴马汀加强电针对兔大脑皮层牙髓诱发电位的抑制作用

家兔6只,用氨基甲酸乙酯和氯醛糖麻醉,电刺激牙髓,在对侧大脑皮层体感Ⅰ区引导其诱发电位,观察诱发电位各成分与痛的关系。结果观察到,在P1、N1、P2和 N2 4个波中,P1和 P2波相对稳定。其中,P2波(波峰潜伏期:66.1±1.9ms)具有较高的阈值,且不受无镇痛作用的中枢抑制剂安定的影响,而受小剂量镇痛剂度冷丁的抑制,提示 P2波与痛有关。以 P2波的波幅为指标,进一步在12只家兔上观察了 L-THP 和电针及两者合用对诱发电位的影响。结果显示,L-THP 和电针对诱发电位均有抑制作用,且两者在作用强度和时间上存在明显的协同,提示 L-THP 具有加强电针对兔大脑皮层牙髓诱发电位中痛相关成分的抑制作用。     

短链脂肪酸对肠黏膜屏障的影响

肠黏膜屏障具有将致病性抗原等肠内物质与内环境隔离的功能,以维持内环境的相对稳定和机体的正常生命活动。其功能的维持依赖于人肠黏膜上皮细胞、肠道内正常菌群、肠道内分泌物和肠相关免疫细胞之间的功能协调,而其功能的发挥又受体内许多信号分子的影响。短链脂肪酸（short-chain fatty acids,SCFAs）就是其中一种重要的信号分子。SCFAs是肠道菌群的主要代谢产物之一,是肠道菌群与宿主代谢相互作用的媒介。宿主体内的SCFAs主要来自肠道菌群对膳食纤维的酵解,越来越多的研究证实,SCFAs不仅可以被肠道菌群利用,还可调节肠黏膜屏障及多种组织器官的代谢。本文主要就SCFAs对肠黏膜屏障的影响进行综述。