单倍体相合造血干细胞移植联合脐带间充质干细胞输注治疗儿童重型再生障碍性贫血的临床观察及安全性分析

目的观察单倍体相合造血干细胞移植（hi-HSCT）联合脐带间充质干细胞（hUC-MSC）输注治疗儿童重型再生障碍性贫血（SAA）的临床效果及安全性。 方法整理海军总医院儿科2010年2月至2014年1月收治的11例接受hi-HSCT联合hUC-MSC输注治疗的SAA患儿的临床资料,进行回顾性分析。对其治疗情况、并发症发生情况及生存情况进行观察,总结该治疗方案的临床效果与安全性,以及治疗体会。 结果患儿全部获得造血重建,移植后1个月复查嵌合体均为70% ~ 100%供者嵌合。白细胞植入时间8 ~ 21 d,中位时间为12 d;血小板植入时间10 ~ 24 d,中位时间为15 d。11例患儿中,2例发生Ⅰ度急性移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）,1例发生Ⅲ度急性GVHD,均经相关治疗后好转;1例发生局限性慢性GVHD,经相关治疗后好转;2例发生广泛性慢性GVHD,发生率为18.18%。患儿移植期间均发生不同程度的恶心、呕吐、纳差和发热等症状,给予对症支持治疗后好转。8例（72.73%）发生口腔黏膜炎,2例（18.18%）发生肺部感染,9例（81.82%）发生病毒感染,2例（18.18%）发生腹泻,均经综合治疗后好转。11例患儿随访时间12 ~ 29个月,中位随访时间16个月,截止末次随访时1例因广泛性慢性GVHD接受持续治疗,2例接受免疫抑制剂减量治疗,其余4例均停用免疫抑制剂;1例患儿因家属自行停用环孢素A发生排异死亡。 结论hi-HSCT联合hUC-MSC输注治疗儿童SAA具有良好临床疗效,值得进一步关注。     

Relevance between COVID-19 and host genetics of immune response

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was caused by the newly emerged corona virus (2019-nCoV alias SARS-CoV-2) that resembles the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV). SARS-CoV-2, which was first identified in Wuhan (China) has spread globally, resulting in a high mortality worldwide reaching ~4 million deaths to date. As of first week of July 2021, ~181 million cases of COVID-19 have been reported. SARS-CoV-2 infection is mediated by the binding of virus spike protein to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 is expressed on many human tissues; however, the major entry point is probably pneumocytes, which are responsible for synthesis of alveolar surfactant in lungs. Viral infection of pneumocytes impairs immune responses and leads to, apart from severe hypoxia resulting from gas exchange, diseases with serious complications. During viral infection, gene products (e.g. ACE2) that mediate viral entry, antigen presentation, and cellular immunity are of crucial importance. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) I and II present antigens to the CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T lymphocytes, which are crucial for immune defence against pathogens including viruses. HLA gene variants affect the recognition and presentation of viral antigenic peptides to T-cells, and cytokine secretion. Additionally, endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases (ERAP) trim antigenic precursor peptides to fit into the binding groove of MHC class I molecules. Polymorphisms in ERAP genes leading to aberrations in ERAP’s can alter antigen presentation by HLA class I molecules resulting in aberrant T-cell responses, which may affect susceptibility to infection and/or activation of immune response. Polymorphisms from these genes are associated, in global genetic association studies, with various phenotype traits/disorders many of which are related to the pathogenesis and progression of COVID-19; polymorphisms from various genes are annotated in genotype-tissue expression data as regulating the expression of ACE2, HLA’s and ERAP’s. We review such polymorphisms and illustrate variations in their allele frequencies in global populations. These reported findings highlight the roles of genetic modulators (e.g. genotype changes in ACE2, HLA’s and ERAP’s leading to aberrations in the expressed gene products or genotype changes at other genes regulating the expression levels of these genes) in the pathogenesis of viral infection.     

血必净注射液联合比阿培南对重症肺炎患者肺功能的影响

摘要 目的：研究血必净注射液联合比阿培南对重症肺炎患者肺功能的影响。方法：选择2017年1月～2019年12月我院的103例重症肺炎患者,随机分为两组。对照组静脉滴注比阿培南0.3 g ,每 8 h给药1次;观察组联合静脉滴注血必净50 mL,每天两次。检测两组的炎症因子：白介素-1（Interleukin-1, IL-1）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（Tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α）和IL-6水平,应激激素：皮质醇（Cortisol, Cor）、人血管紧张素Ⅰ（Human angiotensin I, AngⅠ）、去甲肾上腺素（Noradrenaline, NE）和人血管紧张素Ⅱ（Human angiotensinⅡ, AngⅡ）水平,肺功能：第一秒最大呼气量（Maximum expiratory volume in the first second, FEV₁）、FEV₁%pred、用力肺活量（Forced vital capacity, FVC）。结果：观察组的有效率明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组的血清IL-1、TNF-α、IL-6、Cor、AngⅠ、NE和AngⅡ水平水平均明显降低,FEV₁、FEV₁%pred和FEV₁/FVC明显升高（P<0.05）,且观察组的上述指标明显优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：血必净注射液联合比阿培南对重症肺炎有显著的疗效,不但能明显改善肺功能,还能有效抑制患者的应激反应和炎症反应,值得推广。     

急性重度敌敌畏中毒患者血清儿茶酚胺水平与其心脏损伤的关系

目的:探讨急性重度敌敌畏中毒患者血清儿茶酚胺水平与其心脏损伤的关系。方法:选取我院2009年12月至2011年12月收治的急性重度敌敌畏中毒患者40例,接受阿托品和氯解磷定等常规治疗,检测患者入院第1、3、5天血清肌酸激酶(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋(CTNI)、胆碱酯酶(AchE)、乙酰胆碱(Ach)、肾上腺素(EPI)和去甲肾上腺素(NorP)等指标,分析患者血清儿茶酚胺水平与其心脏损伤的关系。结果:40例患者中,34例存活,6例死亡;窦性心动过速35例,心电图(ECG)ST-T改变36例;血清CK-MB、CTNI入院第1、3、5天相比,先升高后降低,出院时降至正常,变化差异有统计学意义(CK-MB:H=8.782,P=0.002;CTNI:H=5.017,P=0.024)。Ach入院第1天时最高,逐渐降低,出院时恢复到正常水平,变化差异有统计学意义(H=9.235,P=0.002;AchE入院第1天时最低,逐渐升高至正常,变化差异有统计学意义(H=46.891,P=0.001)。肾上腺素(EPI)和去甲肾上腺素(NorP)代表儿茶酚胺的变化,入院当天为峰值,其后均逐渐下降,出院恢复正常,变化差异有统计学意义(EPI:H=16.031,P=0.021;NorP:H=57.913,P=0.025)。进一步分析显示EPI和与NorP水平分别与CK-MB和CTNII呈显著正相关,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:敌敌畏中毒时,儿茶酚胺与乙酰胆碱的释放增多,可能引起心肌损害或加重心肌缺血的严重程度。     

重症急性胰腺炎患者血清IL-6水平与内毒素移位及肠黏膜紧密连接蛋白表达关系的研究(英文)

目的:大量研究表明重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者血清中高浓度IL-6和肠黏膜低表达的紧密连接蛋白可促进内毒素移位的发生。本文主要研究重症胰腺炎患者血清IL-6水平对内毒素移位和肠黏膜紧密连接蛋白表达的影响。方法:50例重症胰腺炎患者,其中12例在患病早期因结肠受累合并腹胀,对12例结肠受累患者应用结肠镜行结肠灌洗进行腹腔减压,同时取结肠黏膜进行活组织检查。所有病人在治疗的第3天,第7天,第10天,第14天抽取外周静脉血。40例健康志愿者作为对照组。应用ELISA方法检测血清IL-6水平,鲎试验(LAL)方法检测血清内毒素含量,应用免疫荧光和Western blotting方法检测肠黏膜紧密连接蛋白表达水平。结果:SAP患者血清IL-6和内毒素含量明显高于健康对照组,而结肠黏膜紧密连接蛋白表达低于对照组;在临床治疗过程中,早期SAP患者血清IL-6和内毒素水平高于晚期(P值均0.05)。SAP早期血清高浓度的IL-6与结肠黏膜紧密连接蛋白的低表达具有相关性,差异有统计学意义(r=0.735,P0.05)。结论:血清IL-6水平可作为早期评价重症急性胰腺炎严重程度的一项指标,IL-6水平与重症急性胰腺炎临床病程有相关性,可能导致肠道内毒素移位。     

氯沙坦早期联合美托洛尔治疗高龄重症心力衰竭的疗效

目的:研究氯沙坦早期联合美托洛尔治疗高龄重症心力衰竭的临床疗效。方法:选取2010年1月至2013年1月本院住院治疗的60例高龄重症心力衰竭患者,采用随机数字表法随机分为氯沙坦联合美托洛尔治疗组、氯沙坦治疗组和对照组,每组患者20例;所有患者均采取常规治疗,对照组加用口服强心剂和利尿剂,氯沙坦治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用氯沙坦,氯沙坦联合美托洛尔治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用氯沙坦和美托洛尔,在治疗前及治疗后0.5a、1.0a检测所有患者的心功能、左室射血分数(LVEF)和血液中的B型脑钠肽(BNP),并观察治疗后1.0a的临床疗效。结果:治疗前三组患者的心功能、左室射血分数(LVEF)以及B型脑钠肽(BNP)间均无统计学差异(P0.05);氯沙坦治疗组、氯沙坦联合美托洛尔治疗组治疗后0.5a和1.0a的心功能和BNP均低于对照组(P0.05),而治疗后0.5a和1.0a的LVEF均高于对照组(P0.05);氯沙坦联合美托洛尔治疗组治疗后0.5a的心功能、LVEF以及BNP与氯沙坦治疗组无统计学差异(P0.05),而氯沙坦联合美托洛尔治疗组治疗后1.0a的心功能、LVEF以及BNP与氯沙坦治疗组均存在着统计学差异(P0.05);三组治疗后1.0a死亡率间存在统计学差异(P0.05);每年住院次数和平均住院日最少的是氯沙坦联合美托洛尔治疗组,其次为氯沙坦组。结论:氯沙坦与美托洛尔早期联合治疗高龄重症心力衰竭的疗效优于氯沙坦单独治疗。     

不同评分标准对急性胰腺炎严重程度评估价值的比较

目的:分析和评价Ranson、Glasgow、APACHEⅡ和BISAP 4种临床评分标准对急性胰腺炎严重程度的评估价值。方法:回顾性研究急性胰腺炎患者225例,分别应用APACHEⅡ、Ranson、Glasgow及BISAP评分标准对急性胰腺炎患者进行评分,比较分析不同评分标准对该类患者诊断的敏感性、特异性,以及对合并脏器功能不全的预测情况。结果:225例患者中,轻型胰腺炎188例,重型胰腺炎37例,在轻型和重型胰腺炎患者中,4种评分标准分值差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。47例患者存在器官功能不全,4种评分标准与患者合并脏器功能不全均显著相关。各评分标准中,APACHEⅡ对急性重症胰腺炎评估的敏感性、特异性最好,分别为76%和72%。结论:4中评分方法各有特点,综合应用可能更准确的评估疾病严重程度及预后。     

重症水痘临床特点分析

目的分析23例重症水痘临床特点。方法收集23例重症水痘患者的临床资料,分析其临床特征。结果重症水痘患者可出现心、肺、肝、脑、肾、胃肠道等多脏器受累表现,这些患者或是机体内存在免疫力低下的各种因素,或是因对疾患缺乏一定认知,从而存在延误就诊或是诊疗不规则,因此出现重症表现。结论提高认知、早期诊断、规范治疗对减低重症水痘发病率及改善预后有重要意义。     

The role of lymphotoxin signaling in the development of autoimmune pancreatitis and associated secondary extra-pancreatic pathologies

The pathogenic mechanisms of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), an increasingly recognized, immune-mediated form of chronic pancreatitis, have so far remained elusive. Treatment options for AIP are currently limited and disease relapse is frequent. Still, AIP can be characterized by specific clinical and histologic features. It has turned out that as described in other autoimmune diseases the generation of tertiary lymphoid organs is also a hallmark of patients with AIP. We have recently demonstrated that pancreata derived from human AIP patients display overexpression of lymphotoxin (LT) α and β and LTβR-target genes expressed by immune cells but also by irradiation resistant cells of the pancreas (e.g. acinar cells). Expression of LT α and β on acinar cells in murine pancreata Tg(Ela1-Lta,b) mice led to chronic pancreatitis and sufficed to reproduce key features of human AIP including the development of autoimmunity and AIP associated secondary extra pancreatic pathologies. Here, we review how aberrant and ectopic expression of LT α and β can induce inflammation and autoimmune diseases in general and how this knowledge might specifically lead to an alternative treatment for patients suffering from autoimmune pancreatitis.     

Insulin Protects Pancreatic Acinar Cells from Palmitoleic Acid-induced Cellular Injury

Acute pancreatitis is a serious and sometimes fatal inflammatory disease where the pancreas digests itself. The non-oxidative ethanol metabolites palmitoleic acid (POA) and POA-ethylester (POAEE) are reported to induce pancreatitis caused by impaired mitochondrial metabolism, cytosolic Ca²⁺ ([Ca²⁺]_i) overload and necrosis of pancreatic acinar cells. Metabolism and [Ca²⁺]_i are linked critically by the ATP-driven plasma membrane Ca²⁺-ATPase (PMCA) important for maintaining low resting [Ca²⁺]_i. The aim of the current study was to test the protective effects of insulin on cellular injury induced by the pancreatitis-inducing agents, ethanol, POA, and POAEE. Rat pancreatic acinar cells were isolated by collagenase digestion and [Ca²⁺]_i was measured by fura-2 imaging. An in situ [Ca²⁺]_i clearance assay was used to assess PMCA activity. Magnesium green (MgGreen) and a luciferase-based ATP kit were used to assess cellular ATP depletion. Ethanol (100 mm) and POAEE (100 μm) induced a small but irreversible Ca²⁺ overload response but had no significant effect on PMCA activity. POA (50–100 μm) induced a robust Ca²⁺ overload, ATP depletion, inhibited PMCA activity, and consequently induced necrosis. Insulin pretreatment (100 nm for 30 min) prevented the POA-induced Ca²⁺ overload, ATP depletion, inhibition of the PMCA, and necrosis. Moreover, the insulin-mediated protection of the POA-induced Ca²⁺ overload was partially prevented by the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"LY294002","term_id":"1257998346","term_text":"LY294002"}}LY294002. These data provide the first evidence that insulin directly protects pancreatic acinar cell injury induced by bona fide pancreatitis-inducing agents, such as POA. This may have important therapeutic implications for the treatment of pancreatitis.