中国兰科植物一新种——云南巾唇兰

对中国兰科植物新种云南巾唇兰Pennilabium yunnanense S.C.Chen&Y.B.Luo作了 描述和绘图。该新种与P.acuminatum（Ridley）Holttum较为接近,区别点在于具较小的花朵 ,直径仅3cm;花瓣白色且上面有深紫色斑点,以及唇瓣侧裂片顶端有流苏。     

藏药达里的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

本文综述了藏药达里的化学成分和药理作用研究进展。达里主要由烈香杜鹃与樱草杜鹃组成,主要含有挥发油、黄酮、三萜类等多种化合物。药理学方面研究证明：达里具有祛痰、镇咳、平喘等药理作用。在临床上,达里常作为治疗慢性支气管炎和冠心病的药物。     

川西獐牙菜SmSLS2基因的克隆、生物信息学及表达分析

裂环马钱子苷合成酶（SLS）是环烯醚萜类化合物合成途径的限速酶。该研究根据川西獐牙菜转录组信息获得SmSLS2基因序列,对该基因进行克隆、生物信息分析、原核表达载体构建及蛋白体外诱导。结果表明SmSLS2 cDNA全长1 566 bp（GenBank编号MH535904）,编码521个氨基酸,推测其蛋白相对分子质量为59.79 kDa,等电点为8.92。结构域分析表明SmSLS2含一个跨膜结构域,SmSLS2的gDNA全长为2 576 bp,含5个外显子和4个内含子。SmSLS2蛋白与其他植物中SLS蛋白具有高度的相似性。进一步将SmSLS2构建到原核表达载体pET-28a-sumo上,转入大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中,在37℃、0.5 mmol·L^-1 IPTG条件下进行原核表达,诱导出与预测蛋白大小一致的目的蛋白。该研究成功从川西獐牙菜中克隆了SmSLS2,为进一步阐明该基因在环烯醚萜合成途径中的作用和通过基因工程手段改良环烯醚萜类化合物产量提供了理论基础。     

松叶防风地上部分的化学成分

从松叶防风Seseli yunnanense Franch地上部分的乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了16个化合物,分别为金腰乙素(1),槲皮素(2),异槲皮苷(3),金丝桃苷(4),异鼠李素-3-O-葡萄糖苷(5),芹菜苷(6),芦丁(7),欧前胡素(8),蛇床子素(9),伞形花内酯(10),阿魏酸(11),falcarind iol(12),二十二烷醇(13),硬脂酸(14),β-谷甾醇(15),胡萝卜苷(16)。以上化合物均为首次从该种植物的地上部分中分离得到。研究结果表明松叶防风地上和地下部分共同的成分仅有8,12和15,地上和地下部分在化学成分方面有很大差别。     

The Chemical Components of Lobelia davidii Franch.

Some constituents were isolated from the fresh whole plant of Lobelia davidii Franch. collected from Yunnan Province, with silica gel chromatography, ion exchange and preparative TLC. The structures except lelobanonoline, were identified by techniques comparision of their MS, IR, 1NHMR and 13C-NMR with the literature data thereof. They are β-sitosterol, β-amyrin palmitate, β-amyrin, norlelobanidine, norlobelanine, lelobanonoline, lobelanidine and norlobelanidine. Lelobanonoline is a new alkaloid with the structure of l-[6-(2-hydroxy-2-phenple-thyl)-l-methyl-2-piperidinyl ] butan-2-one.     

The Glucosides from Swertia mussotii Franch

Swertia mussotii Franch. is a herb used for treatment of liver disease in Qinghai-Tibcran Plateau folk. Further investigation on chemical constituents in aqueous extract of Swertia mussotii Franch. has been reported here. Seven compounds (Ⅰ, Ⅲ–Ⅷ) were achieved except mangiferin (Ⅱ) isolated previously by a chromatograph. They belong in secoiridoids, flavonoids and xanthonoids, respectively. The structures of known compounds were identified as amarogentin(Ⅲ), swertisin(Ⅷ), 8-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1, 3, 5-trihydroxyxanthone(Ⅶ) and 8-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-I, 7-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (Ⅵ). The structures of other three new compounds have been elucidated as 7-O-β-D-xylopy-ranosyl-1, 8-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (Ⅳ), 7-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl- (1-2)-β-D-xylopyranosyl]-l,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone(Ⅰ)and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosy 1,8-dihydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone (Ⅴ), by means of the chemical and spectral methods. Mangiferin, amarogentin and 7-0- [α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-xylopyranosyl]-l,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone are the principal glucosides in this plant.     

A Preliminary Observation on the Double Fertilization and Post-Fertilization Development of Ypsilandra thibetica Franch

Some investigations on the processes of double fertilization, endosperm development and embryogenesis, together with certain histo-chemical reactions in Ypsilandra thibetica Franch. have been made Their main features are: 1. The entry of pollen tube is porogamy and doable fertilization proceeds normally. It be longs to premitotic type. 2. The first division of the primary endosperm nucleus is followed by cell wall formation giving rise to a larger micropylar and a smaller chalazal chamber. But there is no further wall formation in the later nuclear divisions until the endosperm is nearly mature. Hence, it belongs to the Helobial type of development. Nuclear divisions tend to proceed faster in the micropylar than in the chalazal chamber and lately all freenuclei in both chambers become cellular when the proembryo consists of about four or eight cells. During the proembryogenesis some endosperm cells surrounding the proembryo degenerate gradually. 3. The zygote has a longer period of dormancy and slower rate of development than usual. When the seeds are mature, the embryos in them are not differentiated into organs yet. There are two types of embryo- genesis. Some are of the Caryophyllad type, while in others, the basal cell of the two-celled proembryo divides vertically so that two basal cells stand longitudinally parallel to each other forming the base of the suspensor. 4. The development of starch and accumulated protein grains in the process of double fertilization, embryogenesis and endosperm development were also observed.     

Plant Regeneration from Protoplasts of Ligusticurn wallichii Franch

The hypocotyls of the embryoid derived plantlets of Ligusticum wallichii Franch were used for protoplast preparation. Protoplasts were obtained with the enzyme mixture containing 1.5% Onozuka R-10, 0.3% Macerozyme R-10, 0.5% Snailase, 5 mmol/l CaCl2, 1 mmol/l KH2PO4, 0.6 mol/l manitol, at pH 5.6–5.8 and 27℃. Protoplasts were cultured in a modified MS liquid medium containing 1 mg/l 2,4-D + 0.5 mg/l 6- BA. The first divisions were found after twelve days, and the dividing cells formed cell colonies of 0.5–1 mm after about fourty days. When they were transferred to MS agar medium (with half quantity of macronutrients) supplemented with 2,4-D (0.5mg/l) and 6-BA(0.5mg/l), they grew into calli. At last, on the medium without any phytohormones, the growing calli differentiated embryoids which developed into plantlets with many green leaves and roots.     

黄连须和小檗碱对草鱼非特异性免疫系统的影响及对嗜水气单胞菌感染的抵抗作用

为了评估黄连须(FRC)和小檗碱(BBR)对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)的非特异性免疫及对抵抗嗜水气单胞菌感染的影响, 鱼喂食含1.00%、0.50%、0.25%, 0.10%, 0.00%的FRC和0.05%BBR的饲料28d。喂养28d后, 鱼注射嗜水气单胞菌, 记录感染14d后的存活率。检测NBT活性、血清溶菌酶活性、吞噬活性和补体C3水平来评价药物对草鱼的免疫反应。结果表明, 与模型组相比, 喂养饲料含有FRC和BBR的各组提高NBT活性、血清溶菌酶活性、吞噬活性和草鱼补体C3水平。喂食0.50%FRC组感染细菌后的存活率最高, 与模型组比较增加44%。FRC和BBR的体外抗菌活性采用最小抑菌浓度的方法进行了研究, 并显示出较强的抑制作用。结果表明, FRC和BBR可以用作免疫刺激剂以提高草鱼非特异性免疫和对嗜水气单胞菌引起疾病的抵抗。       

产甾体皂甙华重楼内生菌的筛选与鉴定

从华重楼(Paris polyphyllavar.chinensisFranch)的地下块茎中分离筛选得到2株可能产生甾体皂甙的内生菌(SS01和SS02),薄层层析检测菌株SS01、SS02的发酵产物分别有3条和2条层析带与重楼总皂甙的层析带迁移率相当。形态和生理生化特征初步表明SS01和SS02分属于肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillussp.)细菌。扩增、测序得到SS01和SS02的部分16S rDNA序列,GenBank接收号分别为AY842143和AY842144。用Blastn调出与菌株16SrDNA同源的序列,用Clustal W进行多重序列对比,用软件Phylip按Neighbor-Joining方法构建16SrDNA系统发育树。菌株SS01和SS02分别与Cedecea davisae DSM4568、Paenibacillus daejeonensis处于同一分支,相似性分别为98.9%和97.7%,将它们鉴定为Cedecea davisae SS01和Paenibacillus daejeonensis SS02。