影响侧脑室脑膜瘤手术疗效的多因素分析

目的：探讨影响侧脑室脑膜瘤手术疗效的因素,从而更好的促进侧脑室脑膜瘤的手术治疗。方法：回顾性分析侧脑室脑膜瘤显微手术30例的临床病理特征与顸后情况,其中KPS〉70分表示为预后良好,KP懿70分表示为预后不良。对各性别、年龄、部位、肿瘤大小、病理分型及术后有无并发症因素与预后进行χ^2检验与用Logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果：单因素分析表明肿瘤部位、病理分型及术后有无并发症对侧脑室脑膜瘤的预后有明显影响,P〈0．05,差异有统计学意义。经Logistic回归分析,最终进入模型的影响因素有2个,它们分别是肿瘤部位和术后有无并发症,其P值均小于0．05。结论：在显微手术下,侧脑室脑膜瘤大部分可以全切并取得了较好的远期疗效。肿瘤部位和术后有无并发症是影响预后的一个重要因素,及时处理并发症能显著地改善预后。     

Relationship between molecular and enological features of Patagonian wine yeasts: relevance in selection protocols

Summary In this paper, a study of the relationship between genetic patterns, obtained by the combination of mtDNA-RFLP and PCR-amplified inter-δ sequence DNA polymorphism analysis, and relevant enological phenotypic data (fermentative power, specific productivity, volatile and total acidity) was carried out on Argentinean Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates from north Patagonia. The use of a powerful statistical tool, Generalized Procrustes analysis, allowed us to weigh the relationship for each isolate in particular, denoting a good enough degree of agreement between molecular and physiological data for most of the population analysed. The inclusion of a physiological feature, as the killer sensitivity biotype, within identification methods resulted in a higher degree of discrimination among isolates and in better correlation between both characterizations. The combined use of methods based on molecular polymorphisms and killer biotype could be applied so as not to miss any isolate with differential enological properties in selection protocols.     

五指山小型猪下颌骨的测量及分析

目的通过对五指山小型猪(WZSP)下颌骨23个主要变量进行测量分析,以确定该小型猪下颌骨主要遗传变量的数值范围。方法临床解剖取出下颌骨,用水煮沸后剔除肌肉和骨膜,然后用10%甲醛浸泡24h,再用万能角度尺、游标卡尺、卷尺对25例五指山小型猪(8～14月龄,17例雄性,8例雌性)的23个主要变量进行测量。并对测量结果进行统计学分析。结果在测得的雄性和雌性五指山猪下颌骨的23项变量中有4项差异有显著性,2项差异有极显著性,其他差异无显著性;下颌骨各变量之间存在一定的相关性,雄性下颌骨变量x7、x16、x22与其他17项变量相关有显著性或相关有极显著性,雌性下颌骨变量x21与其他11项变量相关有显著性或相关有极显著性。雄性五指山猪下颌骨测量变量显著、极显著相关性所占比例达到52.97%,雌性达到17.00%。与琉球野猪的下颌骨相比,雄性五指山小型猪的x15、x16、x21等变量差异无显著性,雌性的x15、x16、x21、x22等变量差异无显著性,而x2差异有显著性,琉球野猪的下颌骨显得更为狭长。与人及恒河猴(Macacamulatta)、猕猴等动物相比,五指山小型猪下颌骨的多项变量要高。结论测得五指山小型猪育成猪的下颌骨23项变量,可为五指山小型猪遗传、牙科等方面研究提供下颌骨形态学特征的资料。     

Rebound effects of price differences

Goal, Scope and Background  Traditionally, comparative life cycle assessments (LCA) have not considered rebound effects, for instance in case of significant price differences among the compared products. No justifications have been made for this delimitation in scope. This article shows that price differences and the consequent effects of marginal consumer expenditure may influence the conclusions of comparative LCA significantly. We also show that considerations about rebound effects of price differences can be included in LCAs. Methods  The direct rebound effect of a price difference is marginal consumption. Based on statistical data on private consumption in different income groups (Statistics Denmark 2005a, 2005b), the present article provides an estimate of how an average Danish household will spend an additional 1 DKK for further consumer goods, when the household has gained money from choosing a cheaper product alternative. The approach is to use marginal income changes and the following changes in consumption patterns as an expression for marginal consumption. Secondly, the environmental impact potentials related to this marginal consumption are estimated by the use of environmental impact intensity data from an IO-LCA database (Weidema et al. 2005). Finally, it is discussed whether, and in which ways the conclusions of comparative LCAs can be affected by including the price difference between product alternatives. This is elucidated in a case study of a comparative LCA screening of two different kinds of Danish cheese products (Fricke et al. 2004). Results  Car purchase and driving, use and maintenance of dwelling, clothing purchase and insurance constitutes the largest percentages of the marginal consumption. In a case study of two cheeses, the including the impact potentials related to the price difference results in significant changes in the total impact potentials. Considering the relatively small price difference of the two products, it is likely also to have a significant influence on the results of comparative LCAs more generally. Discussion  The influence of marginal consumption in comparative LCAs is relevant to consider in situations with large differences in the price of the product alternatives being compared, and in situations with minor differences in the impact potentials related to the alternatives. However, different uncertainties are linked to determining the pattern for marginal consumption and the environmental impact potential related to this. These are first of all related to the method used, but also include inaccurate data of consumption in households, aggregation and weighting of income groups, aggregation of product groups, estimation and size of the price difference, and the general applicability of the results. Conclusion  Incorporating marginal consumption in consequential LCAs is possible in practice. In the case study used, including the rebound effects of the price difference has a significant influence on the result of the comparative LCA, as the result for the impact categories acidification and nutrient enrichment changes in favour of the expensive product. Recommendations and Perspectives  It is recommended that the rebound effects of price differences should be included more frequently in LCAs. In order to ensure this, further research in marginal consumption and investment patterns and IO data for different countries or regions is required. Furthermore, this study does not consider the economic distributional consequences of buying an expensive product instead of a cheaper product (e.g. related to how the profit is spent by those who provided the product). It should also be noted, that more expensive products not necessarily result in less consumption, as those who provided the product also will spend the money they have earned from the sale. Ideally, these consequences should also be further investigated. Likewise, the development of databases to include marginal consumption in PC-tools is needed. In general, considerations of marginal consumption would favour expensive product alternatives, depending, however, on the type of consumer. ESS-Submission Editor: Dr. David Hunkeler (david.hunkeler@aquaplustech.ch)     

泡沙参同工酶基因位点的遗传分析

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术 ,对来自天然群体 (居群 )的泡沙参 (Adenophora potaninii Korsh.)及其人工杂交子代进行了 8种同工酶的电泳检测和谱带遗传分析 ,以确定编码这些酶系统的基因位点和等位基因。选用 4种不同的凝胶缓冲系统 ,对下列不同酶系统进行了酶谱的遗传分析 :天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AAT)、酯酶 (EST)、甲酸脱氢酶 (FDH)、谷氨酸脱氢酶 (GDH)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶 (IDH)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、苹果酸酶 (ME)和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)。结果表明 ,这 8种酶系统至少由 1 8个基因位点编码 ,其中 1 2个位点为遗传稳定的等位酶位点 ,是可靠的遗传标记。酶谱的分离式样表明 ,EST为单聚体结构 ,AAT、FDH、IDH、SOD为二聚体结构 ,GDH为六聚体结构。最后对同工酶的器官和发育特异性以及同工酶基因位点的遗传分析进行了讨论     

杨树人工林生态系统通量贡献区分析

采取通量源区模型FSAM(Flux Source Area Model)利用2009年北京大兴区杨树人工林生态系统碳水通量涡度相关观测资料,分析了不同大气条件下生态系统的通量贡献区分布特征。研究结果表明:(1)该站通量贡献区随大气稳定条件增强而增大。除326.25°—3.75°方向生长季不稳定条件下外,生长季的通量贡献区范围普遍大于非生长季的贡献区范围;(2)通量贡献区与观测高度、冠层高度、地表粗糙度、风向以及大气稳定度有关,当风速风频较大,大气不稳定时,湍流扩散作用强烈,贡献区范围较小;(3)该观测场在2009年以不稳定大气条件为主,通量信息主要来源于距离观测塔50—400 m范围,且69.3%的信息来源于通量塔偏北风与偏南风方向,其中42.56%的信息来自于偏南风方向;(4)随着大气稳定程度加强,通量来源最少区从塔偏西方转为偏东方,在大气稳定度条件和风向的共同作用下,生长季时主要通量贡献区在塔偏南方向,而非生长季时主要通量贡献区在塔偏北方向。     

Analysis of rhamnolipid biosurfactants by methylene blue complexation

Rhamnolipids, produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, represent an important group of biosurfactants having various industrial, environmental, and medical applications. Current methods for rhamnolipid quantification involve the use of strong hazardous acids/chemicals, indirect measurement of the concentration of sugar moiety, or require the availability of expensive equipment (HPLC-MS). A safer, easier method that measures the whole rhamnolipid molecules would significantly enhance strain selection, metabolic engineering, and process development for economical rhamnolipid production. A semi-quantitative method was reported earlier to differentiate between the rhamnolipid-producing and non-producing strains using agar plates containing methylene blue and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). In this study, a rapid and simple method for rhamnolipid analysis was developed by systematically investigating the complexation of rhamnolipids and methylene blue, with and without the presence of CTAB. The method relies on measuring the absorbance (at 638 nm) of the rhamnolipid−methylene blue complex that partitions into the chloroform phase. With P. aeruginosa fermentation samples, the applicability of this method was verified by comparison of the analysis results with those obtained from the commonly used anthrone reaction technique.