用富集文库克隆人胰岛素基因组基因

通过构建可富集人胰岛素基因的λ噬菌体文库,克隆了人胰岛素基因组基因．首先从中国人血液白细胞中提取到人基因组ＤＮＡ,用ＥｃｏＲⅠ和ＢｇｌⅡ对基因组ＤＮＡ进行全酶切,经０．４％琼脂糖凝胶电泳,特异回收９．５ｋｂ左右的ＤＮＡ片段．将该片段与λＥＭＢＬ３／ＢａｍＨⅠ臂连接,构建成一个特殊的人基因组λ噬菌体文库（富集文库）,效价为２×１０４．同时采用ＰＣＲ方法及用引物Ⅰ：５′ＧＧＡＣＡＧＧＣＴＡＣＡＴＣＡＧＧＡＡＧＡＧＧ３′,引物Ⅱ：５′ＣＴＧＣＧＴＣＴＡＡＴＴＧＣＡＧＴＡＧＴＴＣ３′,从人基因组ＤＮＡ中扩增出一段含胰岛素基因的１．３６ｋｂＤＮＡ片段,做为放射性标记探针,对文库进行了噬菌斑原位杂交筛选,从１×１０４个噬菌斑中筛选到一个含人胰岛素基因组基因的阳性克隆,并进一步完成了亚克隆和该基因１７３２ｂｐＤＮＡ序列的测定．结果该基因的１７３２ｂｐＤＮＡ序列包括部分５′端和３′端与国外发表的人胰岛素α型等位基因的序列相同     

Line thinning enhances diversity of Coleoptera in overstocked Cryptomeria japonica plantations in central Japan

We evaluated the effectiveness of line thinning, a new silvicultural technique, toward restoring diversity of Coleoptera in overstocked Cryptomeria japonica D. Don plantations in central Japan. We compared the abundance of some common Coleoptera families between line-thinned stands and adjacent unthinned stands in two plantations: low-elevation Sugi site (4 years since thinning) and high-elevation Kuchiotani site (6 years since thinning). Many bettle families comprising various functional groups such as plant feeders, wood borers, rotten wood feeders, root feeders, fungus feeders, dung feeders, and scavengers were more abundant in the line-thinned stands than in the unthinned stands. Furthermore, some important families were missing from the unthinned stands. There were strong positive relationships between Coleopteran abundance and understory vegetation. Our results suggest that line thinning may potentially increase biodiversity in overstocked C. japonica plantations by restoring important ecological processes such as food-web interactions (pollination, predation, herbivory, decomposition, parasitism, etc.), and habitat conditions.     

Relationships between fish feeding guild and trophic structure in English lowland shallow lakes subject to anthropogenic influence: implications for lake restoration

The shallow lakes of Eastern England have been subject to intense anthropogenic pressures including nutrient enrichment and fish stocking. We sought to determine the relationships between fish community structure and other ecosystem characteristics in 28 of these lakes through classification of fish species into piscivorous, zooplanktivorous and benthivorous feeding guilds according to the literature. Canonical correspondence analysis produced clear associations between fish and ecosystem characteristics that generally agreed with other theoretical (e.g. the alternative stable states hypothesis) and empirical studies, but with some important differences. There was a striking lack of relationships between nutrients and other variables, indicating the importance of top-down rather than bottom-up processes as a structuring force in the generally eutrophic study lakes. The presence of submerged (and shoreline) vegetation was associated with a diverse assemblage of apparently co-existing piscivorous (principally pike Esox lucius) and zooplanktivorous species. Perch Perca fluviatilis, a significant predator in other studies, was unimportant and argued to be limited by water quality in the extremely shallow lakes. In contrast, the benthivorous fish guild (principally carp Cyprinus carpio, bream Abramis brama and tench Tinca tinca) essentially represented the inverse of the potential pelagic associations between piscivores/zooplanktivores and vegetation. The introduction of large benthivores to many study lakes could have precipitated a loss of submerged vegetation through direct uprooting during foraging, with the effect of simplifying the fish community being most acute where littoral vegetation was limited by other anthropogenic factors. It is implied that attempts to promote or restore submerged vegetation in these lakes would best target benthivorous species.     

微卫星座位对实验动物beagle犬的遗传分析

目的对美国进口、广州自养beagle犬基因组中存在的微卫星结构进行分析,研究其群体的微卫星多态性,以此探索在分子水平上对作为实验动物的beagle犬进行检测。方法通过微卫星分子标记技术进行遗传背景分析,并结合微卫星位点测序结果,研究DNA分子特征。结果在研究位点上共发现6个复等位基因,进口犬群体共有6个等位基因片段,自养犬群体共有5个等位基因片段,根据基因型计算各群体等位基因频率,由相关公式计算杂合度、群体多态信息含量(PIC)、基因纯合率、基因分化系数。结论两群体的杂合度、PIC值均较高(分别为0.7010、0.6747和0.7876、0.7515),基因分化系数很低(0.021),表明两群体没有形成明显的独立群。     

土壤健康的生物学表征与调控

如何有效判定土壤健康状态是实现农业绿色发展的基本问题。在现有的土壤健康评价体系中,很少考虑土壤生物在维持土壤健康方面的作用。基于此,本文论述了土壤健康的内涵,从土壤生物健康的角度,总结了土壤健康的生物学表征指标,阐述了土壤微生物、土壤酶活性、土壤微食物网及蚯蚓对土壤健康的指示作用。基于上述生物指标,从作物和土壤管理等方面探讨了不同农田管理措施对土壤健康状况的调控途径,并对土壤生物健康的未来发展趋势进行了展望。本文旨在增强科学家和决策者对维护土壤生物健康的认识,充分发挥土壤生物在生态系统服务中的重要作用。     

973项目与国家重点实验室互动模式探讨

本文着重阐述了国家重点基础研究项目(973项目)与国家重点实验室互动的专业特性和管理特性,并通过以国家973创伤项目与创伤烧伤与复合伤国家重点实验室在人才、实验设备、科技资源共享方面的运行模式,初步总结其管理、合作、互动的有利建设经验,有望更好地提高国家资源的整体整合,并为适应新世纪学科发展,对加强群体创新和组织管理创新进行了有益的思考。     

A platform to standardize,store, and visualize proteomics experimental data

With the development of functional genomics research, large-scale proteomics studies are now widespread, presenting significant challenges for data storage, exchange, and analysis. Here we present the Integrated Proteomics Exploring Database （IPED） as a platform for managing proteomics experimental data （both process and result data）. IPED is based on the schema of the Proteome Experimental Data Repository （PEDRo）, and complies with the General Proteomics Standard （GPS） drafted by the Proteomics Standards Committee of the Human Proteome Organization. In our work, we developed three components for the IPED platform： the IPED client editor, IPED server software, and IPED web interface. The client editor collects experimental data and generates an extensible markup language （XML） data file compliant with PEDRo and GPS; the server software parses the XML data file and loads information into a core database; and the web interface displays experimental results, to provide a convenient graphic representation of data. Given software convenience and data abundance, IPED is a powerful platform for data exchange and presents an important resource for the proteomics community. In its current release, IPED is available at http：//www. biosino.org/iped2.     

Open access to tree genomes: the path to a better forest

An open-access culture and a well-developed comparative-genomics infrastructure must be developed in forest trees to derive the full potential of genome sequencing in this diverse group of plants that are the dominant species in much of the earth''s terrestrial ecosystems.     

基于物质流分析和数据包络分析的区域生态效率评价——以江苏省为例

区域生态效率(eco-efficiency)评价是考量区域可持发展的重要内容.基于物质流分析(material flow analysis, MFA)构建区域生态效率评价指标体系,并将污染物排放作为一种非期望输入引入到数据包络分析(data envelopment analysis, DEA)模型中,以江苏省(1990～2005年)为例进行生态效率分析评价.结果表明,江苏省的区域生态效率在1990～2005年期间呈现逐步上升的趋势.但是,同期的总物质投入(total material input, TMI)、物质需求总量(total material requirement, TMR)和污染物排放量也呈上升趋势.因此,江苏省社会经济发展和环境影响总体上呈现"弱脱钩(weak de-link)".