紫花凤梨的生物学习性

在南亚热带的广州对荷兰引进的紫花凤梨的生物学习性观察研究。考察了紫花凤梨的分芽发生与叶片生长;花序生长发育与开花;耐性、抗性表现等多个方面的生物学习性,并进行综合评价,并提出掌握和利用其习性的建议。     

森林风景功能的计量评价

采用被视频度、林型权重、被视可能性 ,对富阳市富春江两岸风景森林进行计量评价 ,为两岸风景防护林的配置、管理提供正确的决策。通过地形及土地利用图、数值地形模型和视线入射角来确定景观的被视频度 ;引进人口重力模型来表示森林的被视可能性 ;采取一对一比较法判断林型权重 ;利用 Thurstone的比较判断矩阵得到各景观的评价值。通过使用林型权重 ,可判断景区森林布局的合理性 ,而评价值 (Li)的高低可作为森林景观是否需要改造的标志值。研究表明 ,景观的评价值 (Li)受被视可能性 (Gi)和林型权重 (Vi)的影响。景观评价值最高的为杨树苏柳银芽柳条带状混交林、杨树香椿枫香复层林两种木森林类型 ,其次为杨树河柳林带、杨柳枫杨桤木香樟块状混交林、桤木纯林、杨树纸浆林、柳树纸浆林、街道公园绿化带、枫杨纯林、桑树。森林是以小班为单位经营管理的 ,植被、林龄等在同一小班内基本一致 ,森林风景管理也至少要求对每个小班进行评价 ,因此 ,研究时网格大小起码在小班内含有几个网格 ,最适大小为 5 0 m× 5 0 m。     

崇义客家梯田生态系统服务功能

开展崇义客家梯田系统生态服务功能价值评估,有助于人们更好地了解梯田系统对崇义客家社会的重要贡献,为当地政府保护客家梯田系统提供重要依据.本研究基于崇义客家梯田系统及其所处区域的社会经济特征,构建了相应的生态服务功能价值评估指标体系;运用定性分析法对客家梯田系统的生态服务功能机理及其重要性作了识别;以2014年统计数据为基础,采用物质量和价值量相结合的定量评价方法,对客家梯田系统的9项生态服务指标进行评估.结果表明: 在评估的9项指标中,土壤保持的物质量和价值量同居各指标之首,分别为76457 kg·hm^-2和105033 元·hm^-2,相应地占梯田系统总物质量和总价质量的72.2%和30.0%.文化传承和景观体现了客家梯田系统独特的生态服务功能,价值量分别为100000和46333元·hm^-2,位居9项指标的2、3位.产品供给是客家梯田系统提供给崇义客家人的重要福祉,但其物质量和价值量只占梯田系统生态服务总物质量和总价值量的6.1%与10.4%,因此仅考虑产品供给将严重低估梯田系统的生态服务功能.直观的经济数字反映了客家梯田系统对社会的巨大贡献,不仅有利于提高管理者和公众保护农业文化遗产的意识,也为政府制定客家梯田系统生态补偿标准提供了数据支撑.     

氯雷他定片剂一致性评价研究方法

为改善我国部分仿制药质量与国际先进水平还存在一定差距的现状,《国家药品安全“十二五”规划》中明确提出了开展仿制药一 致性评价,全面提高仿制药质量的任务。氯雷他定片作为抗过敏药物的主要品种之一,需在 2018 年底前完成一致性评价。基于现有质量和 疗效一致性评价指导原则与相关研究报道,针对氯雷他定原料药的晶型研究、原辅料杂质的比较研究、片剂溶出曲线的比较方法以及生物 等效性试验研究等进行了总结和概括,并对有待解决的共性问题进行了讨论。     

Economic evaluation of weight loss interventions in overweight and obese women

Objective: To conduct a clinical and economic evaluation of outpatient weight loss strategies in overweight and obese adult U.S. women. Research Methods and Procedures: This study was a lifetime cost‐use analysis from a societal perspective, using a first‐order Monte Carlo simulation. Strategies included routine primary care and varying combinations of diet, exercise, behavior modification, and/or pharmacotherapy. Primary data were collected to assess program costs and obesity‐related quality of life. Other data were obtained from clinical trials, population‐based surveys, and other published literature. This was a simulated cohort of healthy 35‐year‐old overweight and obese women in the United States. Results: For overweight and obese women, a three‐component intervention of diet, exercise, and behavior modification cost $12,600 per quality‐adjusted life year gained compared with routine care. All other strategies were either less effective and more costly or less effective and less cost‐effective compared with the next best alternative. Results were most influenced by obesity‐related effects on quality of life and the probabilities of weight loss maintenance. Discussion: A multidisciplinary weight loss program consisting of diet, exercise, and behavior modification provides good value for money, but more research is required to confirm the impacts of such programs on quality of life and the likelihood of long‐term weight loss maintenance.     

葛根抗腹泻药效组分实验研究

目的:验证葛根抗腹泻的药效组分,为葛根的质量评价提供科学数据。方法:在经方葛根芩连汤的基础上分析葛根抗腹泻的药效组分,采用组合药理实验辅助验证药效组分。结果:抗腹泻相关实验中葛根水煎液中、高剂量组、葛根药效组分组、葛根芩连汤组与阴性对照组比较均有显著性差异(P0.01)。结论:葛根素-大豆苷-大豆苷元-3'-羟基葛根素是葛根抗腹泻的药效组分。     

盘鮈属鱼类的分类研究及两新种记述(鲤形目:鲤科)

盘鮈属是我国鲤科鱼类的一个特有属,过去已记录7种,因早期发表的云南盘鮈原始描述简略,国内又无人察看过模式标本,造成一些种名归属混乱。本工作在核对多数种的模式标木或地模标本的基础上,对盘鮈属鱼类的分类性状重新估价,认为多鳞盘鮈 D.polylepis Huang不能成立,为长鳔盘鮈 D.macrophysallidos Huang的同物异名,予以归并,经整理本属鱼类可分为8个种,其中具2个新种,文中给出了分种检索表,还就过去分类中存在的其他问题进行了讨论。     

Ligand design,synthesis and biological anti-HCV evaluations for genotypes 1b and 4a of certain 4-(3- & 4-[3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propylamino]phenyl) butyric acids and 3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propylamino-acetamidobenzoic acid esters

4-(4-[N-1-carboxy-3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxo-propylamino]phenyl)-4-oxo-butyric acid (V), 4-(3- & 4-[N-1-carboxy-3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxo-propylaminophenyl]-2-aryl-4-oxo-butyric acids (Xa–e) and 4-(2-alkyl-2-[N-3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-carboxy-3-oxo-propylamino]acetamido) benzoate esters (XVa–e) were designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated as anti-HCV for genotypes 1b and 4a. The design was based on their docking scores with HCV NS3/4A protease-binding site of the genotype 1b (1W3C), which is conserved in the genotype 4a structure. The docking scores predicted that most of these molecules have higher affinity to the HCV NS3/4A enzyme more than Indoline lead. These compounds were synthesized and evaluated for their cytopathic inhibitory activity against RAW HCV cell cultures of genotype 4a and also examined against Huh 5–2 HCV cell culture of genotype 1b, utilizing Luciferase and MTS assays. Compounds Xa and Xb have 95 and 80% of the activity of Ribavirin against genotype 4a and compounds XVa, XVb and XVd exerted high percentage inhibitory activity against genotype 1b equal 87.7, 84.3 and 82.8%, respectively, with low EC₅₀ doses.     

A practical test for in vitro evaluation of photosensitization: Assessment with hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD)

A simple procedure is described for the determination of the photosensitizing potency of drugs, using three leukemic cell lines, two of lymphocytic origin, L1210 and P388 and one of erythroid type, Friend-745. The procedure allows one to investigate several aspects of the photosensitization properties of tested compounds such as cellular localization and direct (trypan blue exclusion) or delayed (clonogenicity) photomediated toxicities.The method was assessed using crude hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) as well as dihematoporphyrin ether (DHE) or commercially available Photofrin II. Results were compared to those obtained with normal cells, e.g spleen lymphocytes and erythropoietic stem cells (CFU-e), and discussed in the light of the relative response of normal versus transformed cells.Abbreviations DHE Dihematoporphyrin Ether - FCS Fetal Calf Serum - HPD Hematoporphyrin Derivative - PDT Photodynamic Therapy