两种海桐属植物种子油脂肪酸组成的分析评价

采用有机溶剂抽提了海桐属 2种植物 (海桐和皱叶海桐 )的籽油 ,使用气相色谱法 (GC)分析鉴定了其油脂的脂肪酸组分。 2种籽油均含有 6种脂肪酸 ,主要脂肪酸成分均为软脂酸 (C16∶0 )和油酸 (C18∶1)。其含量 ( % )分别为 :软脂酸 (C16∶0 ) 2 9.66,3 4 .72 ;油酸 (C18∶1) 66.4 3 ,62 .54。这两种油脂中 ,单不饱和脂肪酸油酸占优势 ,因而品质优良。提示海桐属植物籽油可作为保健型食用油研究和开发利用     

十字花科植物种子低分子RNA提取方法比较

非编码RNA不翻译成蛋白质,它们通过转录、转录后及翻译水平调控靶基因表达,在植物生长发育及逆境胁迫中发挥功能。目前,大量种子萌发期特异表达的非编码RNA (Non-coding RNA)已被发现,高效提取种子低分子RNA是对其进行研究的关键。本研究将介绍一种改良SDS RNA提取方法,并与Trizol、CTAB法、RNA提取试剂盒进行比较。结果表明:这种方法可以高效提取用于Northern blotting、RT-PCR等分子生物学分析的十字花科植物种子低分子RNA。改良SDS RNA提取方法为种子非编码RNA研究、种子萌发生理及分子育种研究提供了帮助。     

Physiology and genetics of self-incompatibility in Echinopsis chamaecereus (Cactaceae)

The self-incompatibility (SI) system of a geophytic cactus (Echinopsis chamaecereus Friedrich & G. Rowley) was examined in a series of experiments. Pollination tests indicated that E. chamaecereus is an obligate outbreeding species with a functional SI system. Incompatible matings were characterized by stylar inhibition of pollen tube growth and lack of fruit set. Two S₁ seedlings were recovered when plants of one clone were exposed to 42°C for 16 h and flowers were selfed immediately after incubation. The two S₁ seedlings and the parental (S₀) clone were crossed in a full diallel. Results were consistent with a one-locus, gametophytic SI system with two different S alleles. Disturbed segregation at isozyme locus Lap-1 was attributed to close linkage with the S locus (recombination frequency = 11±8%). This is the second report of close linkage between Lap-1 and S in the Cactaceae. Recevied: 1 February 2001 / Revision accepted: 13 March 2001     

石榴种皮总木质素含量及PgCOMT基因的克隆与表达

为探讨石榴(Punica granatumL.)籽粒硬度与种皮总木质素含量的相关性及种皮COMT基因的表达方式,利用Texture Analyser质构仪和巯基乙酸法测定6个品种的成熟籽粒硬度及种皮总木质素含量。结果表明,6个石榴品种的籽粒硬度与种皮总木质素含量呈正相关,相关系数为0.9246。采用RACE技术从石榴种皮中克隆得到1条长度为1456 bp的PgCOMT基因cDNA序列(GenBank登录号为KJ713968)。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,PgCOMT在‘红玉石籽’、‘粉皮’、‘会理软籽’、‘蒙自甜’和‘突尼斯软籽’石榴种皮中的相对表达量与石榴籽粒硬度较为一致;随着石榴种皮的发育其表达量先下降后上升。这为深入了解石榴软籽性状的产生机理奠定了基础。     

国家种质库部分作物种子生活力监测结果与分析

对国家种质库中23种作物1.8万多份种子进行了生活力监测,结果表明,贮存10～12年后,96%以上的被监测种子发芽率仍保持在85%以上,但有95份种子(占被监测份数的0.51%)出现了明显的下降(发芽率从80%以上降至70%以下).胡萝卜、莴苣、棉花、胡麻、蓖麻等5种作物种子整体监测发芽率平均值都出现了显著下降,而胡萝卜、莴苣这二种作物的监测发芽率下降更为显著.不同起始发芽率水平及贮存前所处环境条件对贮存种子的生活力下降有一定影响.     

Community seed rain patterns and a comparison to adult community structure in a West African tropical forest

We examined the seed rain throughout a twelve month period in a lowlandtropical forest in Cameroon, West Africa, 1996–97. Traps (0.5m², n = 216) were erected throughout a 25km² area in 24 randomly placed clusters of nine trapseach. Fruits and seeds that landed in traps were collected every 7–10daysand classified by species and dispersal type. More than 32,000 seeds fromapproximately 200 species fell into the traps, an average of 297 seedsm^–2 yr^–1 Thirty species represent 82%of the total seed rain while an additional 175 species comprise the remaining18%. When we compared the adult community to the seed rain community within thesame plots, we found no apparent correlation between seed rain patterns andadult community structure for this year of study. Furthermore, only 49% of theadult tree community produced and dispersed seed into traps in this year. Morethan 100 species (52%) found in the seed rain represented long-distanceimmigrant seed rain. Seed rain was highly variable at several scales, bothspatially and seasonally, although seeds arrived in traps during eachcollectionperiod. Cluster analyses showed that traps within plots were seldom moresimilarto one another than traps between plots. While 82% of the tree species in thecommunity are thought to be animal dispersed, only 28% of all seeds that fellinto traps had been obviously handled (bitten, chewed, or passed)by animals. Tests for fruit and seed removal by predators or dispersers found5%or less removal rate from traps.     

Storage-protein variation in wild emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp.dicoccoides) from Jordan and Turkey.

Genetic diversity in the seed storage-proteins encoded at theGlu-A1,Glu-B1 andGli-B1/Glu-B3 loci was studied electrophoretically in 315 individuals belonging to nine populations ofT. dicoccoides from Jordan and three from Turkey. The inter- and intra-population distribution of seed storage-protein alleles at the considered loci and its link with geographical factors were investigated. Population differentiation in seed storage-proteins was in some cases very high with very weak correlations with geographic distance. Greater gene differentiation was found within and between populations which were geographically very close in Jordan than between those from Jordan and Turkey. However the distribution of alleles appeared to be non random. Samples collected from populations at locations over 900 m above sea level were less polymorphic than those collected at lower altitudes (500–700 m), whereas the relative genetic differentiation between populations was greater between those collected at higher altitudes. Seed storage-protein differentiation was significantly correlated with the altitude of the collecting sites. Although it is difficult to point out the selective pressure of altitude per se, altitude can reflect an integration of several environmental parameters. The possible adaptive value of seed storage-proteins is discussed.