全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2931篇 |
免费 | 216篇 |
国内免费 | 186篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 9篇 |
2023年 | 22篇 |
2022年 | 32篇 |
2021年 | 63篇 |
2020年 | 39篇 |
2019年 | 33篇 |
2018年 | 50篇 |
2017年 | 75篇 |
2016年 | 75篇 |
2015年 | 95篇 |
2014年 | 96篇 |
2013年 | 106篇 |
2012年 | 88篇 |
2011年 | 103篇 |
2010年 | 79篇 |
2009年 | 165篇 |
2008年 | 192篇 |
2007年 | 174篇 |
2006年 | 168篇 |
2005年 | 153篇 |
2004年 | 115篇 |
2003年 | 124篇 |
2002年 | 96篇 |
2001年 | 68篇 |
2000年 | 82篇 |
1999年 | 76篇 |
1998年 | 100篇 |
1997年 | 79篇 |
1996年 | 66篇 |
1995年 | 76篇 |
1994年 | 48篇 |
1993年 | 79篇 |
1992年 | 58篇 |
1991年 | 48篇 |
1990年 | 55篇 |
1989年 | 51篇 |
1988年 | 38篇 |
1987年 | 39篇 |
1986年 | 42篇 |
1985年 | 32篇 |
1984年 | 32篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 21篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 24篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 13篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有3333条查询结果,搜索用时 515 毫秒
41.
C. E. Vallejos C. D. Chase 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1991,81(3):413-419
Summary Backcross and F2 progenies were produced between two bean genotypes, XR-235 and Calima, which differ in seed weight by a factor of two. The small-seeded XR-235 was used as the pistillate and recurrent parent. These genotypes showed polymorphisms at nine isozyme loci and at the phaseolin locus. Seed size parameters (weight, length, width, and thickness) were determined for each BC1 and F2 individual, i.e., for seeds harvested from XR-235 after pollination with F1 and from the F1 after selfing, respectively. A combination of starch gel electrophoresis and enzyme activity staining was used to determine the genotype of each BC1 and F2 individual at the segregating loci. SDS-PAGE and Coomassie blue staining were used to determine geno-type at the phaseolin locus. Tests for independent assortment using two-way contingency and maximum likelihood tables revealed three linkage pairs: Aco-1 — 20 cM — Dia-1; Adh-1 — 2 cM — Got-2; and Est-2 — 11 cM — Pha. Statistical comparisons were made between the means of genotype classes at each segregating locus for all seed size parameters. The results from two independently obtained BC1s and the F2 consistently indicated that the Adh-1-Got-2 segment was linked to a locus that affected seed size and overcame maternal control over seed size. This locus has been designated Ssz-1. This gene exhibited additive gene action and accounted for 30–50% of the seed size difference between the parents.Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, Journal Series No. R00696 相似文献
42.
C. E. Vallejos C. D. Chase 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1991,82(3):353-357
Summary The linkage relationship of 11 bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seed proteins (including phaseolin), 9 enzyme loci, and theP locus were analyzed in backcross and F2 progenies by use of the software package Mapmaker. The progenies were obtained by crossing the breeding line XR-235-1 and the cultivar Calima. Allelic differences for seed protein loci were detected with SDS-PAGE and those for enzyme loci with starch gel electrophoresis and activity stains. The seed coat color of Calima is a red/beige mottled pattern and that of XR-235-1 is white. Segregation at theP locus was followed by recording the phenotype of the BC1S1 and F3 seed. A linkage group comprising ca. 90 cM was detected with the following gene order:Est-2 — 11 —Pha — 8 — (Spe/Spg) — 24 — P — 9 — (Spa/Spv) — 16 —Spba — 22 —Mdh-1. In addition, another linkage group was detected: (Spd/Spf/Sph) — 5 -Spca. Therefore, the seed proteins appear to be organized in clusters in the bean genome.Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, Journal Series No. R-01131 相似文献
43.
Sukhada Mohandas 《Plant and Soil》1985,86(2):283-285
Summary Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. Cv. Burpees Stringless) seeds were subjected to two cycles of presowing soaking and drying treatments with sodium molybdate and cobalt nitrite at 1 and 5 ppm concentrations used separately and also in combination. Sodium molybdate 2 ppm and cobalt nitrite 1 ppm used singly proved better than the remaining treatments with respect to nodulation, dry matter, nitrogen and yield. Combined treatment with sodium molybdate and cobalt nitrite did not produce additive effect on any parameter studied compared to their usage alone. 相似文献
44.
The utilisation of [14C]glycerol 3-phosphate and [14C]linoleoyl-CoA in the synthesis of triacylglycerol has been studied in the microsomal preparations of developing cotyledons of safflower seed. The results confirm that the glycerol backbone, which flows towards triacylglycerol from phosphatidic acid through the Kennedy pathway, can enter phosphatidylcholine from diacylglycerol. The equilibration between diacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine offers a mechanism for the return of oleate to phosphatidylcholine for desaturation to linoleate. We have established that the oleate entering position 1 of sn-phosphatidylcholine from diacylglycerol is desaturated in situ to linoleate. The results indicate that the diacylglycerol phosphatidylcholine interconvertion coupled to the acyl exchange between acyl-CoA and position 2 of sn-phosphatidylcholine brings about the continuous enrichment of the glycerol backbone with C18-polyunsaturated fatty acids and hence these enzymes are of major importance in regulating the acyl quality of the accumulating triacylglycerols. Microsomal preparations from avocado mesocarp, however, did not have detectable acyl exchange between acyl-CoA and phosphatidylcholine or diacylglycerol phosphatidylcholine interconversion despite the high activity of the enzymes of the Kennedy pathway. A scheme is presented which incorporates many of the observations on triacylglycerol synthesis and provides a working model for the regulation of acyl quality in linoleate-rich vegetable oils.Abbreviation BSA
bovine serum albumin 相似文献
45.
Gibberellins (GAs) A17, A19, A20, A29, A44, 2OH-GA44 (tentative) and GA29-catabolite were identified in 21-day-old seeds of Pisum sativum cv. Alaska (tall). These GAs are qualitatively similar to those in the dwarf cultivar Progress No. 9 with the exception of GA19 which does not accumulate in Progress seeds. There was no evidence for the presence of 3-hydroxylated GAs in 21 day-old Alaska seeds. Dark-grown shoots of the cultivar Alaska contein GA1, GA8, GA20, GA29, GA8-catabolite and GA29-catabolite. Dark-grown shoots of the cultivar Progress No.9 contain GA8, GA20, GA29 and GA29-catabolite, and the presence of GA1 was strongly indicated. Quantitation using GAs labelled with stable isotope showed the level of GA1 in dark-grown shoots of the two cultivars to be almost identical, whilst the levels of GA20, GA29 and GA29-catabolite were significantly lower in Alaska than in Progress No. 9. The levels of these GAs in dark-grown shoots were 102- to 103-fold less than the levels in developing seeds. The 2-epimer of GA29 is present in dark-grown-shoot extracts of both cultivars and is not thought to be an artefact.Abbreviations cv
cultivar
- GAn
gibberellin An
- GC
gas chromatography
- GC-MS
combined gas chromatographymass spectrometry
- HPLC
high-pressure liquid chromatography
- KRI
Kovats retention index
- MeTMSi
methyl ester trimethylsilyl ether 相似文献
46.
Summary The development of the testa was studied inErythrina lysistemon using both light and electron microscopy. Cells of the outer epidermis of the outer integument divide anticlinally and undergo radial elongation to form a palisade layer. The outer tangential walls are thickened at an early stage, and deposition of fluted thickenings on the radial walls occurs at maturity. Palisade cells in the hilar region differentiate from sub-funicular tissue, and at maturity the outer ends of the cells undergo extensive deposition of secondary walls and associated lignification. The light line occurs at the junction between the outer, thickened portions of the cells and the inner, less thickened portions. An electron-translucent (suberised) cap develops in the outer tangential walls of the palisade cells at a late stage. Microtubules and dictyosomes are closely associated with the developing thickenings in palisade and tracheid bar, and the microtubules run parallel to the wall microfibrils. Differentiation of the tracheid bar coincides with final secondary wall deposition and lignification in the hilar palisade. The cells of the tracheid bar are dead at maturity, but are surrounded by sheaths of elongate parenchyma. 相似文献
47.
K. Ritland Y. A. El-Kassaby 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1985,71(3):375-384
Summary The amounts of self-fertilization versus consanguineous matings (as measured by effective selfing) was estimated in a seed orchard of Douglas-fir, using progeny array data at six allozyme loci. The orchard is family structured, consisting several grafts (clones) and/or open-pollinated (o-p) progeny from each of several plus-trees. Population-wide selfing rates were found to be 7% for the o-p trees and 2% for the cloned trees. Estimates of mating system parameters for individual trees showed this difference for average outcrossing rate t (1) still largely remained when outcrossingpollen gene frequency p was not allowed to vary among trees and (2) disappeared when p was allowed to vary among trees. Under this joint t and p estimation, o-p trees showed both significant variation of t (based upon a one-way ANOVA grouped by common plus-tree) and significant regressions of p on ovule genotype (indicative of consanguineous matings); cloned trees showed neither. This higher rate of consanguineous mating for o-p trees might be explained by the larger and more variable size of o-p families in the orchard. Estimates of outcrossing rate t and outcrossingpollen gene frequency p were based upon a multilocus model which makes full use of the information in the data. The increased information it gives over observed outcross models is equivalent to adding 30–50% more loci, and it gives enough degrees of freedom to jointly estimate t and p for individual trees (individual progeny arrays) under certain conditions. In addition, inclusion of megagametophyte data nearly doubles the information about the mating system of individual trees. 相似文献
48.
Synopsis
Sardinella aurita were sampled from catches of the lampara fishery at Tripoli, Libya during October 1979 through to September 1980. Landings
consisted mainly of adult fish with large (mode 21–26 cm total length), relatively fast growing 3–5-group individuals in winter
and spring and smaller (mode 14–20 cm total length), slow growing 2- and 3-group fish in summer. Gonad growth commenced in
April, when the fish were feeding on zooplankton, and continued at the expense of mesenteric fat until July. It is suggested
that the older and bigger fish spawn first, probably after having moved westwards, and that this results in spatial and temporal
differences in length at age within the population. There was no consistent difference in growth rate between the sexes, but
because first maturity in males tends to occur earlier than in females, there were length distribution differences between
the sexes in the youngest (2+) age group as sampled. 相似文献
49.
It is sometimes necessary to identify eitherH. bulbosum orH. murinum on the basis of the inflorescence or seeds alone. The majority of taxonomic keys use the presence of swollen basal culms for the former against the annual habit for the latter. Confusion is due to similarities in inflorescences and spikelet morphology. Lodicules which always persist and are present beside the fruit in a mature caryopsis, and other characters such as the awns of the lemmas of the lateral spikelets enable conclusive distinction. 相似文献
50.
J. P. Bakker 《Plant Ecology》1985,62(1-3):391-398
Grazing an abandoned salt marsh causes retrogressive succession, since mid salt-marsh communities change into lower salt-marsh communities. Grazing and mowing are compared in detail. Both management practices enhance species diversity in an abandoned salt marsh. This can be attributed to the removal of litter. The finding that lower salt-marsh species appear more with grazing than with mowing or abandoning is not related to a higher soil salinity as compared to mowing or abandoning, but probably to locally baring of the soil by grazing animals. Only species of pioneer or unstable environments seem to have a persistent seed bank, for other species seed dispersal seems to be a limiting factor for their establishment.Nomenclature follows Heukels & van Ooststroom (1977) for species; Westhoff & den Held (1969) for syntaxa.Mrs R. Rusthoven analyzed the soil samples, Mr E. Leeuwinga drawed the figures, and Mrs J. O'Brien corrected the English text. 相似文献