Effects of Alternaria alternata f.sp. lycopersici toxins on pollen

Summary Effects of the phytotoxic compounds (AAL-toxins) isolated from cell-free culture filtrates of Alternaria alternata f.sp. lycopersici on in vitro pollen development were studied. AAL-toxins inhibited both germination and tube growth of pollen from several Lycopersicon genotypes. Pollen from susceptible genotypes, however, was more sensitive for AAL-toxins than pollen from resistant plants, while pollen of species not belonging to the host range of the fungus was not significantly affected by the tested toxin concentrations. AAL-toxins elicit symptoms in detached leaf bioassays indistinguishable from those observed on leaves of fungal infected tomato plants, and toxins play a major role in the pathogenesis. Apparently, pathogenesis-related processes and mechanisms involved in disease resistance are expressed in both vegetative and generative tissues. This overlap in gene expression between the sporophytic and gametophytic level of a plant may be advantageously utilized in plant breeding programmes. Pollen may be used to distinguish susceptible and resistant plants and to select for resistances and tolerances against phytotoxins and other selective agents.     

三个与agropine合成相关的基因在大肠杆菌微细胞中的表达

pTiAch 5 TR区与在植物中积累agropine相关的三个基因片段已导入pINIIA或pACYC184,在大肠杆菌微细胞中表达出杂合蛋白。三个基因片段的pINIIA重组质粒的表达得到稳定蛋白、不稳定蛋白和在两个相表达出相似蛋白的三种结果。基因2'HindⅢ片段上的UGAA序列是在两个相表达相似蛋白的原因。从产生的杂合蛋白分子量和读码方式看,pTiAch 5中基因2'和基因1'的结构与pTi 15955近似,但由基因0'片段产生的杂合蛋白分子量比根据pTi15955 DNA序列数据推测的稍大。从表达强度和微细胞操作看,这个系统还不适应从大肠杆菌中方便地纯化杂合蛋白的需要。     

Relationship of cellular oncogene expression to inhibition of growth and induction of differentiation of Daudi cells by interferons or TPA

Human alpha or beta interferons inhibit the proliferation of Daudi Burkitt lymphoma cells and induce the differentiation of these cells towards a mature plasma cell phenotype. Similar responses are seen when Daudi cells are treated with the phorbol ester, TPA. Both interferons and TPA down-regulate expression of the c-myc oncogene in these cells. Although TPA can mimic the effect of interferon on cell differentiation, it does not induce 2'5' oligoadenylate synthetase or the interferon-sensitive mRNAs, 6-16 or 9-27. Thus chronic stimulation of protein kinase C by TPA cannot mimic all of the effects of interferon treatment on gene expression. Inhibition of ADP-ribosyl transferase activity by 3-methoxybenzamide impairs interferon- or TPA-induced differentiation of Daudi cells. This agent induces a higher level of c-myc mRNA in the cells and stimulates the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA; although these effects are partially counteracted by interferon or TPA treatment, the elevated expression of the c-myc gene may be sufficient to prevent terminal differentiation and allow cell proliferation to continue.     

慈菇匍匐茎中分泌道的初步研究

慈茹匍蔔茎的分泌道是裂生的胞间道,分布于匍匐茎的基本组织中。单个分泌道原始细胞起始于离茎端约1毫米处的基本分生组织中,原始细胞经分裂形成5—7个上皮细胞包围着中央的裂生腔隙,成为管道系统。上皮细胞无鞘细胞包围。上皮细胞中高尔基体和内质网发达,并溢出小囊泡向着分泌道腔隙面壁的质膜附近迁移,乳汁中亦存在大量完整的小囊泡。上皮细胞和外围薄壁细胞之间的壁层具有大量胞间连丝,小囊泡和内质网的膜结构与胞间连丝末端相接,同时可见上皮细胞的质膜在数处反折内陷,形成袋状结构,在与上皮细胞相对的薄壁细胞内也有同样现象出现,袋状结构内含小形颗粒或囊泡,并在结构上显示出上皮细胞与相邻薄壁细胞间存在着活跃的物质交流。由此认为。代谢物质以整体小囊泡的形式经胞间连丝或内陷的质膜向分泌道迁移是物质运输和分泌的可能方式之一。在电镜下观察,液泡中的积聚物与乳汁十分相似,液泡可能是乳汁的贮存场所之一。     

Molecular cloning,nucleotide sequence and expression of a cDNA encoding an intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase,PTPase-2, from mouse testis and T-cells

The PTP-2 cDNA encoding an intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase-2) was isolated and sequenced from mouse testis and T-cell cDNA libraries. This PTP-2 cDNA was found to be homologous to human PTP-TC and rat PTP-S, and contained 1,551 nucleotides, including 1,146 nucleotides encoding 382 amino acids as well as 5 (61 nucleotides) and 3 (344 nucleotides) non-coding regions. Northern blot analysis indicated that PTP-2 mRNA of 1.9 Kb was most abundant in testis and kidney, although it was also present in spleen, muscle, liver, heart and brain.Abbreviations PTPase Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (EC3.1.3.48) - PTKase Protein Tyrosine Kinase (EC2.7.1.112)     

Ageing adipokinetic cells in Locusta migratoria: an ultrastructural morphometric study

Summary A morphometric study was made of the ultrastructure of adipokinetic cells in resting adults of Locusta migratoria at 3, 23, and 43 days after imaginal ecdysis. The nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus enlarge with age, which indicates that the synthesis and packaging of secretory substances increases during ageing. The size of the storage compartment, consisting of secretory and ergastoplasmic granules, does not increase earlier than 23–43 days after imaginal ecdysis. The lysosomal compartment markedly enlarges between 3 and 23 days; later on, the growth of this compartment, especially of autophagosomes, is less prominent. This suggests that lysosomal destruction initially compensates for the production of new secretory granules, assuming that exocytosis of secretory granules by adipokinetic cells is insignificant in resting locusts. Afterwards, lysosomal destruction may no longer be sufficient to prevent over-production of secretory granules, as is suggested by the increase in the number of these granules between 23 and 43 days. This coincides with the appearance of a considerable number of large ergastoplasmic granules, which represent a spatially more efficient form of storage of secretory material than the much smaller secretory granules. The increase with age in the amount of secretory products indicates that the biosynthetic activity of the adipokinetic cells is not (finely) tuned to their releasing activity.