宫腔镜下冷刀分离术与电切术治疗宫腔粘连的疗效及对宫腔形态恢复和血清白细胞介素的影响

摘要 目的：对比宫腔镜下冷刀分离术与电切术治疗宫腔粘连（IUA）的疗效及对宫腔形态恢复和血清白细胞介素的影响。方法：回顾性分析2019年4月~2021年2月期间来我院接受治疗的83例IUA患者的临床资料。根据手术方式的不同将患者分为A组（宫腔镜下电切术,40例）和B组（宫腔镜下冷刀分离术,43例）,对比两组手术时间及住院时间、宫腔形态恢复情况和血清白细胞介素变化,观察两组术后并发症发生率、月经改善率和宫腔再粘连发生率。结果：B组手术时间、住院时间短于A组（P<0.05）。B组总有效率、内膜创面上皮化愈合满意率均高于A组（P<0.05）。两组血清白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）水平升高,但B组低于A组（P<0.05）。两组血清白细胞介素-4（IL-4）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）降低,但B组高于A组（P<0.05）。两组术后并发症发生率组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。B组月经改善率高于A组,宫腔再粘连发生率低于A组（P<0.05）。结论：与宫腔镜下电切术治疗IUA相比,宫腔镜下冷刀分离术治疗IUA手术时间、住院时间更短,宫腔形态恢复和月经改善情况更好,机体炎性反应更轻微,同时宫腔再粘连发生率更低,疗效更优。     

Background levels of hydrogen cyanide in human breath measured by infrared cavity ring down spectroscopy

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in breath has been suggested as a diagnostic tool for cyanide poisoning and for cyanide-producing bacterial infections. To distinguish elevated levels of breath HCN, baseline data are needed. Background levels of HCN were measured in mixed exhaled air from 40 healthy subjects (26 men, 14 women, age 21–61 years; detection limit: 1.5?ppb; median: 4.4?ppb; range <1.5–14?ppb) by near-infrared cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS). No correlation was observed with smoking habits, recent meals or age. However, female subjects had slightly higher breath levels of HCN than male subjects. CRDS has not previously been used for this purpose.     

Methodologies to decipher the cell secretome

The cell secretome is a collection of proteins consisting of transmembrane proteins (TM) and proteins secreted by cells into the extracellular space. A significant portion (~ 13–20%) of the human proteome consists of secretory proteins. The secretory proteins play important roles in cell migration, cell signaling and communication. There is a plethora of methodologies available like Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE), DNA microarrays, antibody arrays and bead-based arrays, mass spectrometry, RNA sequencing and yeast, bacterial and mammalian secretion traps to identify the cell secretomes. There are many advantages and disadvantages in using any of the above methods. This review aims to discuss the methodologies available along with their potential advantages and disadvantages to identify secretory proteins. This review is a part of a Special issue on The Secretome. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: An Updated Secretome.     

口腔癌中肿瘤出芽与VEGF—C表达及淋巴结转移的相关关系

目的：通过检测肿瘤出芽、淋巴结转移以及血管内皮生长因子-C（VEGF—C）表达水平,分析口腔癌中肿瘤出芽与VEGF—C表达及淋巴结转移的相关关系,为临床治疗提供理论参考。方法：选取2009年1月-2013年1月4年间在我院接受诊治且资料完整63例口腔癌患者作为研究对象,观察肿瘤出芽、VEGF-C表达和淋巴结转移情况,分析相互之间的相关关系。结果：本次纳入研究的患者中,检出肿瘤出芽患者40例,所占比例为63．5％,VEGF—C表达阳性患者39例,阳性率率为61．9％,淋巴结转移患者40例,转移率为63．5％;肿瘤出芽与淋巴结转移的符合率为84．1％,肿瘤出芽与VEGF—C的表达符合率为79．4％,VEGF-C的表达与淋巴结转移发生的符合率为76．2％。肿瘤出芽与淋巴结转移呈正相关,经Spear相关分析,r=0．932,P〈0．05,与VEGF-C的表达也呈正相关,经Spear相关分析,r=0．897,P〈0．05。结论：肿瘤出芽与VEGF—C的表达水平和淋巴结转移均呈正相关关系,可用于预测判断口腔癌淋巴结转移情况。     

Field evaluation of abundance estimates under binomial and multinomial N-mixture models

Assessing and modelling abundance from animal count data is a very common task in ecology and management. Detection is arguably never perfect, but modern hierarchical models can incorporate detection probability and yield abundance estimates that are corrected for imperfect detection. Two variants of these models rely on counts of unmarked individuals, or territories (binomial N-mixture models, or binmix), and on detection histories based on territory-mapping data (multinomial N-mixture models or multimix). However, calibration studies which evaluate these two N-mixture model approaches are needed. We analysed conventional territory-mapping data (three surveys in 2014 and four in 2015) using both binmix and multimix models to estimate abundance for two common avian cavity-nesting forest species (Great Tit Parus major and Eurasian Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus). In the same study area, we used two benchmarks: occupancy data from a dense nestbox scheme and total number of detected territories. To investigate variance in estimates due to the territory assignment, three independent ornithologists conducted territory assignments. Nestbox occupancy yields a minimum number of territories, as some natural cavities may have been used, and binmix model estimates were generally higher than this benchmark. Estimates using the multimix model were slightly more precise than binmix model estimates. Depending on the person assigning the territories, the multimix model estimates became quite different, either overestimating or underestimating the ‘truth’. We conclude that N-mixture models estimated abundance reliably, even for our very small sample sizes. Territory-mapping counts depended on territory assignment and this carried over to estimates under the multimix model. This limitation has to be taken into account when abundance estimates are compared between sites or years. Whenever possible, accounting for such hidden heterogeneity in the raw data of bird surveys, via including a ‘territory editor’ factor, is recommended. Distributing the surveys randomly (in time and space) to editors may also alleviate this problem.     

Distribution of Streptococcus troglodytae and Streptococcus dentirousetti in chimpanzee oral cavities

The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution and phenotypic properties of the indigenous streptococci in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) oral cavities. Eleven chimpanzees (aged from 9 to 44 years, mean ± SD, 26.9 ± 12.6 years) in the Primate Research Institute of Kyoto University were enrolled in this research and brushing bacterial samples collected from them. Streptococci were isolated from the oral cavities of all chimpanzees. The isolates (n = 46) were identified as thirteen species by 16S rRNA genes analysis. The predominant species was Streptococcus sanguinis of mitis streptococci from five chimpanzees (45%). Mutans streptococci were isolated from six chimpanzees (55%). The predominant species in the mutans streptococci were Streptococcus troglodytae from four chimpanzees (36%), this species having been proposed as a novel species by us, and Streptococcus dentirousetti from three chimpanzees (27%). Streptococcus mutans was isolated from one chimpanzee (9%). However, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus macacae and Streptococcus downei, which are indigenous to human and monkey (Macaca fasciclaris) oral habitats, were not isolated. Of the mutans streptococci, S. troglodytae, S. dentirousetti, and S. mutans possessed strong adherence activity to glass surface.     

The roles of intramembrane proteases in protozoan parasites

Intramembrane proteolysis is widely conserved throughout different forms of life, with three major types of proteases being known for their ability to cleave peptide bonds directly within the transmembrane domains of their substrates. Although intramembrane proteases have been extensively studied in humans and model organisms, they have only more recently been investigated in protozoan parasites, where they turn out to play important and sometimes unexpected roles. Signal peptide peptidases are involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control and signal peptide degradation from exported proteins. Recent studies suggest that repurposing inhibitors developed for blocking presenilins may be useful for inhibiting the growth of Plasmodium, and possibly other protozoan parasites, by blocking signal peptide peptidases. Rhomboid proteases, originally described in the fly, are also widespread in parasites, and are especially expanded in apicomplexans. Their study in parasites has revealed novel roles that expand our understanding of how these proteases function. Within this diverse group of parasites, rhomboid proteases contribute to processing of adhesins involved in attachment, invasion, intracellular replication, phagocytosis, and immune evasion, placing them at the vertex of host–parasite interactions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Intramembrane Proteases.     

Molecular recognition of a model globular protein apomyoglobin by synthetic receptor cyclodextrin: effect of fluorescence modification of the protein and cavity size of the receptor in the interaction

Labelling of proteins with some extrinsic probe is unavoidable in molecular biology research. Particularly, spectroscopic studies in the optical region require fluorescence modification of native proteins by attaching polycyclic aromatic fluoroprobe with the proteins under investigation. Our present study aims to address the consequence of the attachment of a fluoroprobe at the protein surface in the molecular recognition of the protein by selectively small model receptor. A spectroscopic study involving apomyoglobin (Apo‐Mb) and cyclodextrin (CyD) of various cavity sizes as model globular protein and synthetic receptors, respectively, using steady‐state and picosecond‐resolved techniques, is detailed here. A study involving Förster resonance energy transfer, between intrinsic amino acid tryptophan (donor) and N, N‐dimethyl naphthalene moiety of the extrinsic dansyl probes at the surface of Apo‐Mb, precisely monitor changes in donor acceptor distance as a consequence of interaction of the protein with CyD having different cavity sizes (β and γ variety). Molecular modelling studies on the interaction of tryptophan and dansyl probe with β‐CyD is reported here and found to be consistent with the experimental observations. In order to investigate structural aspects of the interacting protein, we have used circular dichroism spectroscopy. Temperature‐dependent circular dichroism studies explore the change in the secondary structure of Apo‐Mb in association with CyD, before and after fluorescence modification of the protein. Overall, the study well exemplifies approaches to protein recognition by CyD as a synthetic receptor and offers a cautionary note on the use of hydrophobic fluorescent labels for proteins in biochemical studies involving recognition of molecules. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Inverse Optical Cavity Design for Ultrabroadband Light Absorption Beyond the Conventional Limit in Low‐Bandgap Nonfullerene Acceptor–Based Solar Cells

In the subwavelength regime, several nanophotonic configurations have been proposed to overcome the conventional light trapping or light absorption enhancement limit in solar cells also known as the Yablonovitch limit. It has been recently suggested that establishing such limit should rely on computational inverse electromagnetic design instead of the traditional approach combining intuition and a priori known physical effect. In the present work, by applying an inverse full wave vector electromagnetic computational approach, a 1D nanostructured optical cavity with a new resonance configuration is designed that provides an ultrabroadband (≈450 nm) light absorption enhancement when applied to a 107 nm thick active layer organic solar cell based on a low‐bandgap (1.32 eV) nonfullerene acceptor. It is demonstrated computationally and experimentally that the absorption enhancement provided by such a cavity surpasses the conventional limit resulting from an ergodic optical geometry by a 7% average over a 450 nm band and by more than 20% in the NIR. In such a cavity configuration the solar cells exhibit a maximum power conversion efficiency above 14%, corresponding to the highest ever measured for devices based on the specific nonfullerene acceptor used.