首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   2347篇
  免费   117篇
  国内免费   144篇
  2608篇
  2024年   5篇
  2023年   15篇
  2022年   28篇
  2021年   49篇
  2020年   42篇
  2019年   49篇
  2018年   28篇
  2017年   41篇
  2016年   70篇
  2015年   55篇
  2014年   58篇
  2013年   134篇
  2012年   77篇
  2011年   79篇
  2010年   68篇
  2009年   109篇
  2008年   125篇
  2007年   118篇
  2006年   122篇
  2005年   89篇
  2004年   112篇
  2003年   98篇
  2002年   87篇
  2001年   79篇
  2000年   55篇
  1999年   84篇
  1998年   67篇
  1997年   66篇
  1996年   62篇
  1995年   54篇
  1994年   59篇
  1993年   56篇
  1992年   53篇
  1991年   45篇
  1990年   47篇
  1989年   27篇
  1988年   19篇
  1987年   27篇
  1986年   34篇
  1985年   32篇
  1984年   17篇
  1983年   9篇
  1982年   13篇
  1981年   9篇
  1980年   11篇
  1979年   3篇
  1978年   5篇
  1977年   4篇
  1972年   5篇
  1971年   3篇
排序方式: 共有2608条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Prolonged swimming performances of two as yet unnamed species of three‐spined stickleback, Gasterosteus spp., were compared. The two fishes (not yet formally described, referred to here as benthic and limnetic) inhabit different niches within Paxton Lake, Texada Island, British Columbia, Canada, and are recent, morphologically distinct species. Limnetics had longer endurance during prolonged swimming than did benthics. The mean regression of the log10 of fatigue time (Ft, s) on swimming speed (U, standard length, LS s?1) for limnetics (log10Ft = 7·03 ? 0·46U) had a similar slope, but a significantly higher intercept than that for benthics (log10Ft = 5·55 ? 0·43U). Adult benthics were larger, heavier and deeper‐bodied fish than limnetics. Limnetics, however, had a significantly greater pectoral fin edge:base ratio (mean ± s .e .: limnetics, 4·58 ± 0·43; benthics, 3·63 ± 0·27). In addition, limnetics had significantly lower drag coefficients (CD) than benthics (limnetics, log10CD = ?0·49log10Re + 0·66; benthics, log10CD = ?0·26log10Re ? 0·30) where Re is the Reynolds number [(LSU?1), where U and ν are swimming velocity and the kinematic viscosity of the water, respectively]. Compared to their ancestral form, the anadromous three‐spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L., limnetics and benthics had significantly longer and shorter endurance times, respectively. In addition, both these fishes had significantly higher fast‐start velocities than their ancestral form. Selection due to differential resource use may have lead to divergence of body form, and, therefore, of steady swimming performance. Therefore predation may be the selective force for the similar high escape performance in these two fishes.  相似文献   
52.
Abstract Gram-negative methylotrophs contain a high- M r'large' citrate synthase. Gram-positive methylotrophs, on the other hand, contain a 'small' citrate synthase. These differences in M r coincided partly with differences in NADH sensitivity. Citrate synthases from obligate Gram-negative and Gram-positive facultative methylotrophs were insensitive to feedback inhibition by NADH; only the enzymes from Gram-negative facultative methylotrophs were inhibited by NADH.  相似文献   
53.
Abstract. Gas exchange data obtained with wellventilated leaf cuvettes provide clear evidence of a stomatal response to leaf-air vapour pressure difference (V). In contrast, remotely sensed leaf temperatures with specific assumptions regarding canopy boundary layer characteristics, have been interpreted to mean that stomata do not respond to V. We address this apparent discrepancy in a sugarcane field by simultaneous application of a single-leaf, porometric technique and a whole-canopy, Bowen ratioenergy balance technique. These methods indicated significant stomatal response to V in well-irrigated sugarcane. Stomatal responses to V in the field were obscured by strong covariance of major environmental parameters so that opening responses to light and closing responses to V tended to offset each other. Low boundary layer conductance significantly uncoupled V at the leaf surface (Vs) from V determined in the bulk atmosphere (Va). This reduced the range of the stimulus, Vs, thereby reducing the range of the stomatal response, without indicating low stomatal sensitivity to V. Stomatal responses to Va may be smaller than expected from V response curves in cuvettes, since Vs rather than the conventionally measured Va is analogous to V in a well-stirred cuvette. Recently published conclusions that remotely sensed canopy temperatures are inconsistent with stomatal response to V may be based on erroneous estimates of canopy boundary layer conductance and thus of Vs, use of air saturation deficit rather than V to express evaporative demand, and investigation at higher levels of evaporative demand than those eliciting maximal stomatal response.  相似文献   
54.
A study of the mycobiota in the digestive tract of 5 important species of triatomines, Triatoma brasiliensis, T. infestans, T. sordida, T. pseudomaculata and T. vitticeps, was made. The digestive tracts of 164 adults and 535 nymphs of those triatomines were studied and 393 fungal strains were isolated.The genera with the greatest number of species were Penicillium (19 species), Aspergillus (17 species) and Acremonium (5 species) and the most frequent species, in decreasing order, were Penicillium corylophilum, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium fellutanum, Cladosporium herbarum, Penicillium waksmanii, Aspergillus awamori and Paecilomyces variotii. Among the isolated fungi, we found species that are recognized as entomopathogenic and pathogenic for humans and animals.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   
55.
紫球藻的培养与利用(综述)   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
紫球藻为单细胞红藻,其细胞富含红藻多糖、多不饱和脂肪酸(主要为AA和EPA)及藻胆蛋白等高价值生物活性物质,在医药和精细化工领域有广泛的应用前景。本文综述紫球藻的生物学特性、生物活性物质、培养与培养特性等方面的研究概况。  相似文献   
56.
在国内首次对散斑壳属两个代表种的rRNA基因内转录间区(ITS区)进行了克隆测序,并与Genbank中已有的有关序列进行了比较。发现散斑壳属种间的遗传差异明显高于种内的遗传差异,这与形态学分类相符合,表明ITS区序列分析与形态学鉴定相结合的方法用于散斑壳属的分类研究是可行的。  相似文献   
57.
Background and Aims: Sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides are used extensively in cereal–livestockfarming zones as effective and cheap herbicides with usefullevels of residual activity. These residues can persist beyondthe cropping year, severely affecting legumes in general, andannual medics in particular, resulting in reduced dry matterproduction, lower seed yields and decreased nitrogen fixation.A strand medic cultivar, Medicago littoralis ‘Angel’,has been developed via chemical mutagenesis with tolerance toSU soil residues. Identifying the molecular basis of the observedtolerance was the aim of this study. Methods: Two F2 populations were generated from crosses between ‘Angel’and varieties of intolerant M. truncatula, the male-sterilemutant tap and the cultivar ‘Caliph’. Genetic mappingwith SSR (single sequence repeat) and gene-based markers allowedidentification of the trait-defining gene. Quantitative geneexpression studies showed the activity of the respective alleles. Key Results: Segregation ratios indicated the control of SU-herbicide toleranceby a single dominant gene. SU herbicides inhibit the biosynthesisof the branched-chain amino acids by targeting the acetolactatesynthase enzyme, allowing the choice of a mapping approach usingacetolactate synthase (ALS) gene homologues as candidates. SSR-markeranalysis suggested the ALS-gene homologue on chromosome 3 inM. truncatula. The ALS-gene sequences from ‘Angel’and intolerant genotypes were sequenced. In ‘Angel’,a single point mutation from C to T translating into an aminoacid change from proline to leucine was identified. The polymorphismwas used to develop a diagnostic marker for the tolerance trait.Expression of the mutant ALS allele was confirmed by quantitativeRT-PCR and showed no differences at various seedling stagesand treatments to the corresponding wild-type allele. Conclusions: The identification of the trait-defining gene and the developmentof a diagnostic marker enable efficient introgression of thiseconomically important trait in annual medic improvement programs.  相似文献   
58.
Field experiments were carried out with Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Cv RLM 1359) to investigate the influence of biocontrol agents on seeds from plants infected with Alternaria blight. The biocontrol agents viz, Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis were applied as seed treatment/seed treatment coupled with spray on 30 and 60 days after sowing of seeds in experimental fields. The plants treated with different biocontrol agents were more developed than non-treated plants throughout the experiment. Biochemical analysis revealed that application of biocontrol agents resulted in increase in lipid and protein content in seeds from treated plants. The proportion of various lipidic fractions i.e. phospholipids, glycolipids and sterol content in seeds increased with a corresponding decrease in total glycerides. The proportion of 18:3, 20:1 and 22:1 fatty acids increased while that of 18:1 and 18:2 fatty acids decreased in seeds with application of biocontrol agents. There were both qualitative and quantitative differences in the banding patterns of albumin and globulin proteins after application of biocontrol agents. The data suggested that biochemical alterations in the host induced by treatment with biocontrol agents could be associated with defence mechanisms and enhanced growth of the plant.  相似文献   
59.
Aleuritopteris ferns produce triterpenes and sesterterpenes with tricyclic cheilanthane and tetracyclic 18-episcalarane skeletons. The structural and mechanistic similarities between both classes of fern terpene suggest that their biosynthetic enzymes may be closely related. We investigate here whether a triterpene synthase is capable of recognizing geranylfarnesols as a substrate, and is able to convert them to cyclic sesterterpenes. We found that a bacterial triterpene synthase converted all-E-geranylfarnesol (1b) into three scalarane sesterterpenes with 18αH stereochemistry (5, 7 and 8), as well as mono- and tricyclic sesterterpenes (6 and 9). In addition, 2Z-geranylfarnesol (4) was converted into an 18-episcalarane derivative (10), whose skeleton can be found in sesterterpenes isolated from Aleuritopteris ferns. These results provide insight into sesterterpene biosynthesis in Aleuritopteris ferns.  相似文献   
60.
The microbial population dynamics on apples cv. Golden Delicious were analysed every 15 days between bud and harvest in a fully replicated experiment in northern Spain in 1994 and 1995. The total microbial populations varied with developmental stage, and with prevailing climatic conditions. The predominant mycroflora were the filamentous fungi Cladosporium and Alternaria spp. and white and pink yeasts. Other genera isolated included mainly species of Epicoccum, Fusarium and Acremonium. However, the most important post-harvest pathogens Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea were seldom isolated from ripening apples. Maximum total filamentous fungal populations occurred after fruit set and during early ripening [2 × 104cfu (colony-forming units) g-1 approximately] while those of bacteria were maximum at bud stage (3.5 × 105and 3.0 × 104 cfu g-1 in 1994 and 1995 respectively). White yeasts were more numerous than pink yeasts. Endophytic infection of apple buds by Alternaria spp., responsible for core rot, was found in almost all bud tissue. By contrast, Cladosporium spp. were initially isolated later from 12.5–50% of tissue samples during blooming and fruit set. The impact of a four-spray fungicide regime during apple development significantly decreased the total filamentous fungal populations in both years, and that of Cladosporium spp. in 1994. However, bacterial populations were often higher on apples from fungicide-treated plots. Fungicide sprays decreased populations of Cladosporium, Alternaria and white yeasts for a maximum of up to 15–30 days after application. Fungicide application had little effect on endophytic infection of apples by Alternaria spp. between bud and harvest.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号