心脏发育中的细胞凋亡

重点讨论了心脏发育过程中主要的细胞凋亡以及信号串级联,这些信号串往往伴随着有序的形态学上的事件.细胞凋亡主要发生在胚胎心脏中非心肌的隔室中,其隔室由心内膜、心外膜和神经嵴衍生的细胞组成.这些信号的级联包含了潜在生长转化因子的激活,导致心肌细胞的迁移以及随后的心内膜垫的心肌化.错误的细胞凋亡将导致心脏发育的异常.     

单穗升麻的柱头和雌配子体发育及胚胎发生

单穗升麻的雌蕊群由1～5枚离生心皮组成。子房单室,4～9枚倒生胚珠,双珠被,厚珠心;大孢子四分体呈线形或T形排列,合点端一个具功能。胚囊发育为蓼型。成熟胚囊中3个单核反足细胞,胞质浓密,在球形胚时期尚能观察到其退化痕迹。极核融合早,次生核位于合点端。胚胎发生为柳叶菜型;核型胚乳。雄蕊凋谢后1～2天花柱顶端腹缝线周围出现乳突细胞,雄蕊凋谢后3～5天延长成柱头毛。讨论了单穗升麻与南川升麻柱头可授期与花粉生活力的差异对传粉效果和结籽率的显著影响。     

我国工业生物技术发展回顾及展望

工业生物技术是指以微生物或酶为催化剂进行物质转化,大规模地生产人类所需的化学品、医药、燃料、材料、食品等产品的生物技术。发展工业生物技术是人类由化石经济向生物经济过渡的关键路径,是解决人类目前面临的资源、能源及环境问题的重要手段。中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所是我国工业生物技术和生物制造领域的主力代表。本文结合该研究所成立十年来的发展,简要回顾了我国工业生物技术发展战略规划布局、重要技术突破进展和行业影响,并对我国工业生物技术和生物制造的未来发展进行了展望分析。     

广东省生态农业建设及其发展对策

介绍了广东生态农业的产生和发展的背景及生态农业建设的基本情况,并着重对目前广东省生态农业建设的9种主要模式及其经济和生态效益以及存在的问题进行了较详细的分析,在此基础上提出了广东生态农业发展的主要对策。     

基于MuSIASEM理论的大连经济技术开发区可持续发展评价

基于社会生态系统代谢多尺度综合评估（MuSIASEM）理论,对2000-2007年大连经济技术开发区人类活动时间、体外能投入量和增加值进行综合评价.结果表明：2000-2007年,大连开发区居民生活水平逐年提高;农业逐渐萎缩;第二产业仍为区域支柱产业,能耗较大;第三产业发展落后于第二产业;区域整体和各个产业的体外能代谢率明显提高,能源密度不断下降;人类活动时间与体外能投入量不断减少的情况下,经济增加值稳步增长,区域整体发展呈可持续态势.     

华南五针松叶发育的研究

利用光学显微镜和电子显微镜对华南五针松叶的生长和发育进行研究,结果表明:华南五针松叶为单脉序的三棱形针状叶,气孔分布在腹面,为单环型;皮下层一到两层;内皮层明显;转输组织为松型;树脂道三个,出现两个边生、一个中生或缺,三个中生,三个边生,仅二个中生等类型;叶缘的细齿由表皮细胞壁形成。气孔器发育方向是先中央后两端,在部分区域具有合并及不连续的现象。     

The intrinsic mechanisms underlying the maturation of programming sequential spikes at cerebellar Purkinje cells

Cerebellum is involved in the motion coordination and working memory, to which the programming of sequential spikes at Purkinje cells is essential. It is not clear about the intrinsic mechanisms underlying spike capacity and timing precision as well as their postnatal maturation. We investigated the programming and intrinsic property of sequential spikes at Purkinje neurons during postnatal development by whole-cell recording in cerebellar slices. Cerebellar Purkinje neurons demonstrate the increasing of spike capacity and timing precision, as well as the lowering of refractory periods and threshold potentials during the postnatal maturation. In addition, the correlation between spike parameters and intrinsic properties converts to be more linear. This postnatal plasticity of neuronal intrinsic properties improves the timing precision and capacity of spike programming at cerebellar Purkinje neurons.     

Decision analysis approach to risk/benefit evaluation in the ethical review of controlled human infection studies

Risks and benefit evaluation for controlled human infection studies, where healthy volunteers are deliberately exposed to infectious agents to evaluate vaccine efficacy, should be explicit, systematic, thorough, and non-arbitrary. Decision analysis promotes these qualities using four steps: (1) determining explicit criteria and measures for evaluation, (2) identifying alternatives to the study, (3) defining the models used to estimate the measures for each alternative, and (4) running the models to produce the estimates and compare the alternatives. In this paper, we describe how decision analysis might be applied by funders and regulators, as well as by others contemplating the use of novel controlled human infection studies for vaccine development and evaluation.