Deceit pollination and the effect of deforestation on reproduction in dioecious Schisandra sphenanthera (Schisandraceae) in Central-China

The fruits of Schisandra sphenanthera (dioecious) are used to produce ‘Nan-Wuweizi’, an important Chinese medicine. However, long-term exploitation and habitat destruction have threatened these plants in nature. Knowledge of the reproductive biology of S. sphenanthera is essential to help formulate a conservation strategy for these plants. Field studies were conducted at Jigong Mountain (JGM) and Jinji Valley (JJV) in Henan and Hubei Provinces, China. The reproductive biology of S. sphenanthera was analyzed at these sites, including population structure, pollination, floral morphology, and natural fruit set. The 11 populations at two sites were male biased. The primary floral visitors were gall midges (Resseliella sp., Cecidomyiidae; Diptera) and thrips (Thrips flavidulus; Thysanoptera). Floral visitor exclusion experiments and pollen load analysis indicate that gall midges are the primary pollinators. Pollen was the only floral reward for the gall midges. Female flowers attracted pollinators using deceit. The natural fruit set ratio in the cut forest site (JJV) was significantly lower than that at the JGM site, where habitats of S. sphenanthera were well preserved. This indicates that the life cycles of S. sphenanthera and the pollinating insects are vulnerable in disturbed (or cut) habitats.     

大血藤化学成分及药学研究进展

目的:对传统中药大血藤的化学成分及药学研究概况进行综述.方法:查阅国内外发表的文献为依据.结果:传统中药大血藤中含有鞣质、糖苷、环多酚类、三萜皂甙类、木质素类、黄酮类、甙类及有机酸类等多种化学成分;药理研究证明,其具有抗辐射;抗菌、抗炎、抗急,陛过敏、抗癌及心血管系统活性等作用,结论:大血藤具有多种药理活性,有希望从中开发出治疗心血管疾病和抗炎的现代药物.对其进行进一步的研究和开发具有重要意义.     

五味子科植物种子表面微形态及其系统学意义

首次报道用扫描电镜观察的五味子科24种7变种1变型的92个居群117份种子样品的表面微形态特征。将该科种子表面微形态归纳为4大类型,其中第Ⅰ型又分为3个亚型。将种子表面微形态与该科的花粉微形态,以及花、果、茎和叶的宏观形态结合起来进行对比分析,结果表明,五味子科种子表面微形态特征几乎不受其植株生长地环境条件的影响,相当稳定,因而作为分类的鉴别特征完全可靠。已观察到的种子表面微形态特征不支持林祁和Saunders对五味子科所做的大部分分类学修订结果。种子表面微形态特征所揭示的Schisandra属与Kadsura属之间的关系,与花粉形态所揭示的两属关系极其相似,即两属可能起源于共同的祖先,分别沿两条不同路线演化,但亦不能排除两属间有更复杂的关系的可能性。Kadsura属的总体演化水平高于Schisandra属,因而不支持认为Kadsura属比Schisandra属原始的观点。     

Two New Diterpenoid Alkaloids from Spiraea japonica L.f.var. Fortunei (Planchon) Rehd.

Two new hetisine-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloids named spiraqine (1) and 6-hydroxylspiraqine (2), and four known alkaloids, namely spiredine (3), spiradine A (4), spiradine B (5), and spirasine Ⅴ/Ⅵ (6),were isolated from Spiraea japonica L. f. var. fortunei (Planchon) Rehd. The structures of the alkaloids were elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance analysis (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, HMQC, and HMBC) and mass spectrometry data.     

砀山酥梨4CL基因家族的全基因组鉴定与分析

4-香豆酸：辅酶A连接酶(4CL)基因是植物调控木质素代谢、参与类黄酮和其他次生代谢产物合成的关键基因之一,而木质素的合成及聚合在细胞壁沉积导致部分薄壁细胞次生壁加厚形成石细胞。为更好了解砀山酥梨中4CL基因的种类和数量,本文利用砀山酥梨基因组的氨基酸和cDNA数据库对4CL基因家族进行筛选,分析了砀山酥梨基因组中4CL基因的种类、进化关系、物理定位、以及基因结构和保守基序。结果显示在砀山酥梨基因组中发现并初步确定了29个4CL基因,通过基因的定位分析发现除了4、8、11、12号染色体上没有4CL基因之外,其他染色体上都存在4CL基因;并且在9、17号染色体上还存在着基因簇。通过基因结构和进化树之间的比较,进一步确定了基因结构和进化之间的相互联系。研究结果为砀山酥梨4CL基因功能的深入分析奠定了基础。     

闽北闽粤栲天然林林隙物种数量特征及更新规律分析

以福建省顺昌县的闽粤栲〔Castanopsis fissa(Champ.ex Benth.)Rehd.et Wils.〕天然林为研究对象,根据林隙面积(A)划定4个等级(A<50 m2、50 m2≤A<100 m2、100 m2≤A<150 m2和150 m2≤A<200 m2)的样地,并以非林隙样地为对照,对林隙和非林隙的乔木层、灌木层和灌草层中的物种分布、组成及生长状况进行调查和统计;在此基础上,对林隙和非林隙中主要物种的数量特征和更新响应规律进行比较分析.结果表明:闽粤栲天然林林隙和非林隙的乔木层分别有54和35种植物,共有种28种;灌木层分别有61和37种植物,共有种29种;灌草层分别有72和49种植物,共有种37种.从乔木层和灌木层各种类的重要值及灌草层各种类的密度看,林隙和非林隙中的优势种类均为闽粤栲和木荷(Schima superba Gardn.et Champ.)等,且林隙和非林隙间各优势种类的重要值差异不明显,其中,闽粤栲的重要值和密度均位居第一.从林隙和非林隙间各优势种类的重要值差值看,林隙的主要优势种类(如闽粤栲和木荷等)对林隙更新响应不明显,而其他种类对林隙则有强烈或中等的正、负更新响应,且在不同林层间有差异.从平均更新密度看,林隙面积对各优势树种的更新有一定影响,其中,林隙面积在150~200 m2时闽粤栲和丝栗栲(Castanopsis fargesii Franch.)的平均更新密度最大,林隙面积在100~150 m2时米槠〔Castanopsis carlesii(Hemsl.)Hay.〕、木荷、青冈〔Cyclobalanopsis glauca(Thunb.)Oerst.〕和黄毛润楠(Machilus chrysotricha H.W.Li)的平均更新密度最大,但在不同面积林隙间各树种的平均更新密度无显著差异(P=0.867).研究结果说明:在闽粤栲天然林中,对林隙更新响应不明显的种类较易成为林分的优势种或建群种,但林隙面积对树种的更新密度没有明显影响;从林隙到林冠的发育过程中,闽粤栲始终处于该林分的优势地位.     

中国红豆杉和短叶红豆极的胚胎培养

红豆杉属 (ＴａｘｕｓＬ .)植物的种子休眠期较长 ,在自然条件下要 1～ 2年才能萌发。本实验对中国红豆杉〔Ｔａｘｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ (Ｐｉｌｇｅｒ)Ｒｅｈｄ .〕和短叶红豆杉 (Ｔ .ｂｒｅｖｉｆｏｌｉａＮｕｔｔ.)的离体胚培养特性进行了研究 ,发现适宜的条件下两种胚的萌发与成苗情况没有明显差异 ,利用胚的体外培养技术可以使其在几个月内发芽、成苗 ,为大规模种植提供一条快捷途径。1　材料与方法1 1　试验材料中国红豆杉和短叶红豆杉种子分别采自中国湖北利川和加拿大。所用培养基为ＭｃＣｏｗｎ ,每升添加 1ｇ水解酪蛋白、1ｇ酵…     

Analysis of volatile fractions of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. using GC-MS and chemometric resolution

The two-dimensional data obtained from GC-MS has been used qualitatively and quantitatively to determine the components of the volatile fractions of Schisandra chinensis obtained by six different extraction methods. Sub-window factor analysis (SFA) was employed to confirm the identities of components determined in different samples. With the help of SFA, and other chemometric techniques, peak purity in the chromatograms was determined, and overlapping peaks were resolved to yield a pure chromatographic profile and mass spectrum for each component. It is demonstrated that the accuracy of qualitative and quantitative analysis may be greatly enhanced using chemometric resolution methods, such methods being particularly valuable with respect to the analysis of complex samples such as traditional Chinese medicines. It is further demonstrated that different extraction methods give rise to volatile fractions of S. chinensis which differ qualitatively and quantitatively in their composition.     

炮制对北五味子水浸率影响的研究

目的:研究炮制对北五味子水浸率的影响,考察水浸率作为评价五味子质量优劣的辅助参考质量指标的可行性。方法:观察炮制时间、炮制温度、炮制辅料用量改变对五味子水浸率的影响。结果:炮制时间、炮制温度及炮制辅料用量对五味子水浸率都有一定影响。从炮制对五味子水浸率影响结果来看:蜜制五味子以炮制4-6小时、蜂蜜加入量为60-80g五味子,醋制五味子以炮制6小时、米醋加入量为40-60g/100g五味子,酒制五味子以炮制4小时、黄酒加入量为10-20g/100g五味子,蒸制五味子以炮制6小时为最佳,炮制温度均为沸水浴炮制最好。结论:水浸率对各炮制因素具一定敏感性,可考虑作为炮制程度的一个辅助质量指标引入到五味子质量控制体系中来。