西藏东南部棘蛙属一新种记述(两栖纲：蛙科)

对产于西藏东南部察隅和墨脱的察隅棘蛙通过形态特征和数值分类作了进一步比较研究,结果认为：产于察隅的察隅棘蛙是一个有效种,而产于墨脱的标本应为一个新种,即墨脱棘蛙Paa medogensis sp.nov.。     

Simultaneous Removal of Mn(II) and Nitrate by the Manganese-Oxidizing Bacterium Acinetobacter sp. SZ28 in Anaerobic Conditions

A novel bacterium, strain SZ28, identified as Acinetobacter sp., showed anaerobic denitrification ability using Mn(II) as the electron donor. Nitrate-nitrogen concentration decreased from nearly 16.52–mg L^?1 to 4.4–mg L^?1, without accumulation of nitrite as an intermediate, with a maximum of 0.063–mg NO₃^?-N L^?1 h^?1, reaching a peak of 0.085–mg NO₃^?-N L^?1 h^?1 in sodium acetate. The nitrate removal rate reached 0.067–mg NO₃^?-N L^?1 h^?1, 0.059–mg NO₃^?-N L^?1 h^?1, and 0.078 mg NO₃^?-N L^?1 h^?1 using Mn(II), S(II), and Fe(II) as electron donors, respectively. The optimum pH was 6.0, with a removal rate of 0.063–mg NO₃^?-N L^?1 h^?1     

香溪河水系附石藻类的时空动态

香溪河系长江三峡水库湖北库区内第一大支流.对香溪河2005年7月—2006年6月干流及主要支流上12个样点的附石藻类进行调查,共观察到藻类218种,其中硅藻183种、绿藻24种、蓝藻10种、黄藻1种,硅藻门的线形曲壳藻为绝对优势种.其物种丰富度和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数时空动态差异显著（或接近显著）,总平均值分别为32和154.附石藻类密度和叶绿素a含量年总平均值分别为8.75×10.9 cells·m^-2和14.62 mg·m^-2.不同样点的藻类密度和叶绿素a含量差异显著,其中古夫河支流最高,九冲河支流最低,两者相差一个数量级; 不同季节附石藻类密度和叶绿素a含量差异不显著(P>0.05),但均表现出冬春季高、夏秋季低的趋势.附石藻类密度及叶绿素a含量与海拔及水流流速呈显著负相关,而与总氮呈正相关.     

不同地区根霉分离株的RAPD多样性分析

为了研究微生物的分子多样性,在获得系列米根霉分离物的基础上,应用经筛选的13条随机引物,对来自不同地区的18株米根霉分离物进行了RAPD分析,聚类结果表明,18株分离物在0.75的相异水平上可以聚为6个群体,其分子多样性同地理来源之间具有一定的相关性。     

集胞藻PCC 6803中丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶SpkC对高温胁迫的响应

丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶是蓝藻感知和转导外界刺激的重要元件,但至今蓝藻中很多丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶的功能尚属未知。【目的】研究集胞藻PCC6803中的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶Spk C是否参与对高温胁迫的响应。【方法】本研究采用同源重组的方法构建spC基因完全敲除突变株,检测突变株与野生株在高温胁迫下的生长状况、色素组成,并对高温胁迫下叶绿素荧光参数差异进行分析,比较光合系统Ⅱ活性差异。此外,通过测定生长速率来判断高温胁迫后藻株的恢复情况。【结果】经过42℃高温胁迫后,与野生株相比,突变株ΔspkC生长减缓,光合色素(叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和藻胆色素)的含量降低;45℃高温胁迫下突变株ΔspkC的光合系统Ⅱ活性下降幅度更大;经过5 d 42℃高温处理后,突变株生长几乎停滞,存活率较野生株明显降低。【结论】集胞藻PCC 6803中spkC基因的缺失导致突变株对高温胁迫响应出现缺陷,提示丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶SpkC参与响应高温胁迫。     

透明颤菌血红蛋白基因的研究与应用

总结了近 15年来透明颤菌血红蛋白的研究结果 ,包括它的分布、结构、功能、合成等分子生物学以及在基因工程中的应用。透明颤菌的血红蛋白是 2 0世纪 70年代被发现的 ,由于它具有结合氧的特性 ,可使透明颤菌这一专性好氧的革兰氏阴性菌在贫氧环境中生长。透明颤菌血红蛋白是同型二聚体形式的可溶性血红蛋白分子 ,每分子透明颤菌血红蛋白由两个分子量为 15 775的亚基和两个b型血红素组成。透明颤菌血红蛋白的功能是为透明颤菌强大的呼吸膜增加氧的流量。完整的有功能的血红蛋白由血红蛋白亚基和血红素组成 ,血红蛋白亚基由基因vgb编码 ,血红素由生化代谢合成。透明颤菌血红蛋白基因在野生透明颤菌中是以单拷贝的方式随染色体一起复制表达的。透明颤菌血红蛋白基因已经被克隆和测序。同时也讨论了将透明颤菌血红蛋白基因整合到异源宿主菌中增加重组蛋白产量和发酵产量方面的研究。最后 ,概述了当透明颤菌血红蛋白在植物中表达时 ,转基因植物表现出生长增加以及代谢物产量发生变化的情况。     

Leaf spot disease on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tilia cordata</Emphasis> caused by the fungus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cercospora microsora</Emphasis>

Increased incidence of leaf spots on many tree species, up to the presence of peripheral importance only, including linden trees was noticed recently. First massive and continuous occurence of the fungus Cercospora microsora Sacc. [teleomorph Mycosphaerella millegrana (Cook.) Schröet., Mycosphaerella microsora Syd.], causal agent of anthracnose on linden trees (Tilia cordata Mill.) grown in urban plantings in Slovakia was reported. Along with this, certain of the important growth characteristics of this fungus were studied under laboratory conditions. To specify Cercospora biology mycelial growth of C. microsora in pure hyphal cultures was observed in relation to medium and locality. One-way ANOVA has confirmed a statistically significant influence of both factors, culture medium and locality on growth rate values of C. microsora. The effect of these factors has not proved unambiguously in all cases. In the case of one locality (Nitra), the significant influence of used media has not been proved (P > 0.05). PDAg showed generally as the most suitable medium, inducing the most intensive growth in three localities (41.06 mm/week on average). Comparing three localities, the effect of this factor is not so unambiguous. Growth rate values from the localities Bratislava and Pribeta indicate unsuitability of medium A for the fast radial growth. A Tukey test separately conducted for the factors medium and the locality revealed the significant combinations of means (P ≤ 0.05).     

A new species of Halisaurus from the Late Cretaceous phosphates of Morocco, and the phylogenetical relationships of the Halisaurinae (Squamata: Mosasauridae)

A new species of the basal mosasaurid Halisaurus from the Late Cretaceous (Late Maastrichtian) of the Oulad Abdoun Phosphate Basin of Morocco is described on the basis of both cranial and postcranial remains. H. arambourgi sp. nov. is characterized by unique features of the nares, frontal, parietal, girdle and limb bones. A phylogenetical analysis supports the monophyletic status of Halisaurus ; H. platyspondylus (Maastrichtian, New Jersey), H. ortliebi (Maastrichtian, Belgium) and H. arambourgi form an unresolved polytomy. This study does not support the attribution of ' Halisaurus ' sternbergii (Santonian, Kansas) to Halisaurus nor to any known genus. A new genus, Eonatator , is proposed for the reception of this species, Eonatator sternbergii comb. nov. The new taxon Halisaurinae ( Halisaurus  +  Eonatator ) is the sister-group of more advanced mosasaurids (Natantia). Halisaurines are defined by the shape of the lateral premaxilla–maxilla suture; an oblique contact plane between the parietal and the supratemporal; a preaxial ridge present on the distal two-thirds of the radius length; and tibia and fibula long and slender with slightly expanded extremities.  © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2005, 143 , 447–472.     

Effects of plant leachates from four boreal understorey species on soil N mineralization, and white spruce (Picea glauca) germination and seedling growth

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Natural regeneration of white spruce (Picea glauca) after disturbance has been reported to be very poor. Here a study was made to determine whether C compounds released from understorey species growing together with white spruce could be involved in this regeneration failure, either by (1) changing soil nutrient dynamics, (2) inhibiting germination, and/or (3) delaying seedling growth. METHODS: Foliage leachates were obtained from two shrubs (Ledum palustre and Empetrum hermaphroditum) and one bryophyte (Sphagnum sp.) with high phenolic compound concentrations that have been reported to depress growth of conifers in boreal forests, and, as a comparison, one bryophyte (Hylocomium splendens) with negligible phenolic compounds. Mineral soil from a white spruce forest was amended with plant leachates to examine the effect of each species on net N mineralization. Additionally, white spruce seeds and seedlings were watered with plant leachates to determine their effects on germination and growth. KEY RESULTS: Leachates from the shrubs L. palustre and E. hermaphroditum contained high phenolic compound concentrations and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), while no detectable levels of C compounds were released from the bryophytes Sphagnum sp. or H. splendens. A decrease in net N mineralization was determined in soils amended with L. palustre or E. hermaphroditum leachates, and this effect was inversely proportional to the phenolic concentrations, DOC and leachate C/N ratio. The total percentage of white spruce germination and the growth of white spruce seedlings were similar among treatments. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the shrubs L. palustre and E. hermaphroditum could negatively affect the performance of white spruce due to a decrease in soil N availability, but not by direct effects on plant physiology.