Canopy characteristics of the brown alga Sargassum muticum (Fucales,Phaeophyta) in Lake Grevelingen,southwest Netherlands

The present distribution of the invasive brown alga Sargassum muticum in the southwest Netherlands is updated. Populations of the alga were found to remain at their 1985 level in Lake Grevelingen, with a small eastward expansion into the Eastern Scheldt estuary. A new population for the brackish, non-tidal Lake Veere is reported. Within Lake Grevelingen S. muticum forms a persistent, extensive canopy of 100% cover (4,442.5 ± 525.6 g fresh wt m^–2, 640.3 ± 75.8 g dry wt m^–2) that has a marked effect upon the penetration of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (reduced by 97% at 0.1 m). Surface sea water temperatures can be elevated by 2.7 °C above water not associated with a Sargassum canopy; furthermore, the dense canopy shades and hence reduces water temperatures below 0.1 m depth. Productivity studies indicate that assimilation occurs in the upper levels of the canopy (57.09 µg C mg dry wt^–1 m^–2 at a mean PAR rate of 106.7 J cm^–2 h^–1). Self-shading and a resultant decrease in the rate of assimilation was evident below the canopy.     

Cultivation of the brown alga Sargassum horneri: sexual reproduction and seedling production in tank culture under reduced solar irradiance in ambient temperature

As a large conspicuous intertidal brown alga, individuals of Sargassum horneri can reach a length of more than 7 m with a fresh weight of 3 kg along the coasts of the Eastern China Sea. The biomass of this alga as a vital component in coastal water ecology has been well documented. In recent years, a steady disappearance of the algal biomass along the once densely populated coastal areas of the Eastern China Sea has drawn attention in China. Efforts have been made to reconstruct the subtidal algal flora or even to grow the alga by use of long-lines. As part of the efforts to establish an efficient technique for producing seedlings of S. horneri, in this investigation a series of culture experiments were carried out in indoor raceway and rectangular tanks under reduced solar irradiance at ambient temperature in 2007–2008. The investigation demonstrated that: (1) sexual reproduction of S. horneri could be accelerated in elevated temperature and light climates, at least 3 months earlier than in the wild; (2) eggs of S. horneri had the potential to be fertilized up to 48 h, much longer than that of known related species; (3) suspension and fixed culture methods were both effective in growing the seedlings to the long-line cultivation stage; and (4) the life cycle of S. horneri in culture could be shortened to 4.5 months, thus establishing this alga as an appropriate model for investigating sexual reproduction in dieocious species of this genus.     

石花菜和海蒿子提取物抗菌活性初步研究

采用圆形纸片法,对石花菜和海蒿子粗提取物及萃取得到的不同极性组分进行抗菌实验。结果表明,石花菜和海蒿子均有不同程度的抗菌作用,海蒿子粗取物的抗细菌活性强于抗真菌活性,而石花菜乙醇提取物抗黑曲霉活性大于抗大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌以及枯草杆菌活性,其抑菌圈可达4 mm。     

海藻中两种纤溶活性化合物的分离与结构鉴定

采用氯仿-甲醇有机溶剂提取、常压硅胶柱层析等方法进行分离纯化,从微劳马尾藻的提取物中分离纯化了6个化合物;根据核磁共振谱分析及文献解析化合物B、D分别确定为棕榈酰基．油酰基-3-O-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基甘油和肉豆蔻酰基-油酰基-3-O-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基甘油;使用酶标仪体外测定化合物的纤溶活性,发现化合物B使纤溶作用提高了10％～30％,化合物D的纤溶促进作用弱于化合物B;分离纯化的纤溶促进化合物B和D属于甘油糖脂类化合物。本文首次从微劳马尾藻分离得到了肉豆蔻酰基．油酰基-3-O-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基甘油。     

海藻多糖的提取和抗Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒研究

马尾藻经热水提取,乙醇沉淀,得到褐色粗多糖.经作抗Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒检测属高效药物,临床试验治疗单纯疱疹性角膜炎的有效率为84.7％.     

Spatial and seasonal variation in density,reproductive status,length and phenolic content of the invasive brown macroalga Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt along the coast of Western Brittany (France)

The introduced macroalga Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt is currently observed along the coasts of Brittany. From February 2003 till June 2004, variations in density, reproductive status, length and phenolic content were assessed at three sites. Seasonal variability of the density was pronounced at two exposed sites (Fort Bloqué and Pointe du Diable), but absent at the sheltered site (Callot), where the macroalga was observed year-round. Thalli were generally longer in Summer (up to 73.2 ± 2.7 cm at Fort Bloqué), and had reproductive receptacles from May to September at Pointe du Diable, though only from June to September in the other stations (Callot and Fort Bloqué). Phenolic content was maximal during the reproductive period, which could be interpreted as chemical protection of the receptacles. Finally the collected data were used to explain the persistence of S. muticum and its proliferation in Brittany.     

Characterization of thallus mechanical and physiological traits of tropical fucoids: A preliminary study

Thallus mechanical strength, as well as production of secondary metabolites as defensive compounds, of tropical macroalgae is often essential for protection from herbivory. In tropical macroalgae, thallus mechanical strength is negatively correlated with productivity — a trade‐off between productivity and thallus toughness. The tropical fucoids, Turbinaria ornata which has defensive morphological traits against herbivory and Sargassum ilicifolium which is expanding its distribution in Japanese waters, were examined to determine thallus traits related to mechanical strength and productivity and their pair‐wise relationships were also examined. These traits that are directly or indirectly related to the trade‐off between productivity and thallus toughness were compared to data for various other temperate macroalgae by regression analyses. We found two strong positive correlations between thallus mechanical strength and thallus mass or thallus thickness, confirming that higher levels of mechanical strength for tropical fucoids is associated with higher biomass or thallus thickness. Also, negative correlations between thallus toughness and productivity were found indicating structural and physiological trade‐offs. However, the tropical fucoids exhibited relatively high productivity regardless of their higher level of thallus toughness. These traits of the tropical fucoids slightly deviate from the typical conservative strategy with higher thallus toughness and lower productivity as a trade‐off between productivity and thallus toughness.     

Synthesis of 3Z, 6Z-Dienoic Acids

3Z,6Z-Dienoic acids (C₈-C₁₂ and C₁₈) were for the first time synthesized by coupling 2-acetylenic bromides and 2-(3′-butynyloxy)-tetrahydropyrane followed by stereoselective hydrogenation and oxidation.     

瓦氏马尾藻有性繁殖和幼孢子体发育的形态学观察

通过采集浙江舟山枸杞岛海域野生瓦氏马尾藻（Sargassum vachellianum）进行培养,研究瓦氏马尾藻的繁殖季节、温度、生殖托的发育、卵子的成熟和排放、假根的生长以及幼孢子体的前期发育。实验结果表明:位于浙江舟山枸杞岛的瓦氏马尾藻繁殖季节为4-6月,繁殖高峰期水温为18-21℃。雌、雄生殖托早期无明显差异,中后期差异变大,瓦氏马尾藻藻体在排放完卵子和精子后开始衰败。瓦氏马尾藻卵子属于8核1卵型,受精过程在雌性生殖托表面发生,受精后开始从雌性生殖托脱落,部分存在挂托分裂现象。在幼孢子体分裂前期,假根生长速度大于幼孢子体本身的生长速度。幼孢子体先长成一片叶子,再进行第二片叶子的发育,逐渐分化出主茎和初生分枝。