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71.
通过形态学及化学研究,结合nrDNA ITS序列的系统发育分析,该文报道了茶渍属(Lecanora Ach.)和石蕊属(Cladonia P. Browne)地衣4中国新记录种:莱氏茶渍(Lecanora layana Lendemer)、白头山茶渍(L. baekdudaeganensis B. G. Lee&Hur)、伪银茶渍(L. pseudargentata Lumbsch)和草皮石蕊[Cladonia caespiticia (Pers.) P. Gaertn., B. Mey&Scherb.]。该文对这些物种的分类学特征进行了详细描述,并与相似种进行了对比,同时提供了各种的地理分布图和形态图。这为中国茶渍属和石蕊属地衣物种多样性及资源利用提供了基础资料。 相似文献
72.
一年多以前,我们报道了一种引致人类原发性皮肤毛霉病的病原真菌Rm6并定名为多变根毛霉((Rhizomucor variabilis Zheng & G.-q. Chen)。最近我们又发现了它的另外一个变种Rm7。它是北京医科大学第一医院的王端礼教授分离的,原编菌号4873。Rm7的病人和Rm6的情况很相近。她也是一个女病人,来自农村,患的同样是原发性皮肤病而没有患有其他的毛霉病或其他疾病,她的病也没有传染给她的家人。不同的是,她来自我国北部的河北省而不是南部的江苏省;她的病史更长,达16年之久;她的病部在脸上而不是在手上,并造成进食困难。Rm7和Rm6的培养物相似,也是亮黄色,但比较低矮。它与Rm6一样是非高温真菌,最适、最高、最低温度同样分别是24-30, 38,和9℃形态上的亲缘性也是显而易见的:两者都有匍匐菌丝和较发达的假根;孢子枝也是假轴分枝;孢子囊壁也是缓慢消解;有很不规则形状的囊轴;有明显的囊领;都有大量厚垣孢子。Rm7与Rm6的主要区别在于:(1)假根只从匍匐菌丝和气生菌丝上长出而不从孢子枝、孢子囊或囊轴等各处长出;(2)孢子枝可连续分枝达7次之多;(3)孢子枝在分枝处往往有一个隔膜;(4)往往在10天以上的培养物中才出现不规则形状的囊轴;(5)从未见有囊托;(6)孢囊孢子形状较规则,较短而不超过11 μm;(7)孢子囊和囊轴均较小,直径相应不超过70及30 μm.因此,我们将Rm7鉴定为Rm6的一个变种,并定名为较规则多变根毛霉新变种(Rhizomucor variabilis var. regularior Zheng & G.-q. Chen var.nov.)。这样,在根毛霉属内可以承认的共计5种6分类群。 相似文献
73.
74.
我国菌物分类学研究始于20世纪初,经过百余年的不断探索和发展,取得了丰硕的成果,并逐渐走进世界前列。本研究通过对世界菌物名称信息库Fungal Names进行数据统计,对发现自中国的菌物新物种和中国学者发表菌物新分类单元等数据开展分析,从中揭示中国菌物分类学的历史和发展趋势。过去,一共有2 214位中国学者参与发表了15 626个菌物新分类单元,包括 3个新纲、27个新目及亚目、117个新科及亚科、769个新属及亚属、11 100个新种、322个新种下单元和3 288个新组合。在全球已知的菌物物种中,自中国发现的新物种有10 233种,隶属于 3界13门44纲174目572科2 379属,占全球已知物种多样性的6.84%,居世界第二位。地理分布上,我国西南地区(云南、四川、贵州、西藏)和低纬度的热带、亚热带地区(中国台湾、广东)发现的新物种最多。根据每年发现的新分类单元数量趋势和命名作者的构成,可将中国菌物分类学的发展历史分为五个阶段:外人在华采菌及研究(1750s-1929)、中国菌物分类学起步(1930-1949)、新中国菌物分类学早期发展(1950-1977)、全国性菌物标本采集与研究(1978-2010)、走进世界前列(2011至今)。本研究对每个发展时期的分类学概况和重要历史事件进行了总结和回顾,通过上述综述性研究,有助于系统地了解中国菌物分类学不同阶段的发展趋势和研究概况,为学科当下和未来的发展提供参考。 相似文献
75.
Cytokinins are phytohormones that participate in regulation of all aspects of plant growth and development, including response to biotic agents. Fungi of different taxonomic and trophic groups synthesize cytokinins, employing them for interaction with plants, both friendly and hostile. They also appear to be able to manipulate the host plant genes of cytokinin biosynthesis and metabolism to their own benefit. In this review, we analyzed the data about changes in the level and composition of cytokinin pool under fungi influence, the effect of exogenous hormones on the growth of fungi in culture and in situ, changes in the physiology and metabolism of fungi due to genetic transformations related to cytokinins. The possible role of cytokinins in the regulation of macromycete development is discussed as well. The pattern of cytokinin dynamics allow us to consider the hormones of this class as potential regulators of fungi growth. Further explore of fungal cytokinins is essential to improve biotechnology using fungi as raw materials for medicine and agricultural production. 相似文献
76.
MICROBIAL COLONIZATION ON NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL MACROPHYTES IN A PHOSPHORUS-LIMITED,HARDWATER LAKE1
Epiphyte communities in a phosphorus-limited hard-water lake were compared over a 14-week period from Potamogeton illinoensis and structurally similar artificial plants of different leaf ages. Artificial plants were serially incubated in the lake to simulate the age of natural leaves. The physiognomy of loosely attached epiphytes appeared similar on the two substrata. Algal cell number and biovolume were 15-fold and 17-fold higher, respectively, on artificial leaves early in the growing season, but total algal density gradually became similar on natural and artificial plants. In contrast, the taxonomic composition of loosely attached algae became increasingly distinct, and mean cell biovolume on natural leaves was twice that on artificial leaves. Adnate epiphytes on both substrata developed from sparse populations of bacteria on new leaves to a community of diatoms, blue-green algae and numerous bacteria on mature and senescent leaves. Adnate community succession on natural leaves in late senescence/death differed from that on artificial leaves colonized for comparable periods in having (1) a marked increase in filamentous blue-green algae, (2) a subsequent decrease in all algae, and (3) a final fungi-dominated stage. The trends in colonization indicate that macrophytes in this oligotrophic lake provided a distinct habitat from that of artificial substrata for epiphytes throughout the growing season. 相似文献
77.
78.
The ectendomycorrhizal fungiWilcoxina mikolae isolates CSY-14 and RMD-947 andW. rehmii isolate CSY-85 were grown in pure culture under iron-limiting conditions. All three isolates tested positive for siderophore formation using both the ferric perchlorate assay and a sensitive HPLC iron-binding assay. A peptide siderophore was isolated from the culture medium by HPLC and shown to contain the amino acids serine, glycine and ornithine in a 1:2:3 ratio. This siderophore was identified as ferricrocin on the basis of electrospray mass spectroscopy and its co-chromatography in two different HPLC systems with ferricrocin isolated fromAspergillus fumigatus. Ferricrocin was the only siderophore isolated from theseWilcoxina cultures. This is the first report of siderophore formation by ectendomycorrhizal fungi. 相似文献
79.
80.
Atelocauda koae, a rust of the native HawaiianAcacia koa, is considered as a demicyclic species, having spermogonial, aecial, and telial states, but is unusual in production of aeciospores
simultaneously with teliospores rather than consecutively. Host inoculation with spores of each state separately confirmed
that the life cycle was perpetuated by the telial state, but the aeciospores, while capable of germination and stomal penetration,
did not produce detectable infection. This rust therefore behaves as a microcyclic species, and appears to be in evolutionary
transition toward this reduced state. Teliospores produced vestigial, permanently attached basidiosopores which germinated
to produce infective hyphae. The hyphae entered the host either through stomata or penetrated the epidermis directly, with
the latter method being more common. Unusual nuclear associated with teliospore germination, in which meiosis occurs in more
than one diploid nucleus was observed, in confirmation of an earlier study. 相似文献