丹参多酚酸盐对维持性血液透析患者残余肾功能与钙磷代谢的影响

目的:探讨丹参多酚酸盐对维持性血液透析患者残余肾功能与钙磷代谢的影响。方法:2014年1月-2019年5月选择在本院肾内科就诊的终末期肾病患者72例,根据随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各36例。所有患者都给予维持性血液透析治疗,在此基础上观察组给予丹参多酚酸盐治疗,持续3个月,记录残余肾功能与钙磷代谢变化情况。结果:治疗后观察组的总有效率为97.2%,高于对照组的83.3%(P<0.05)。两组治疗后的24 h尿量、肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)、血清转化生长因子β1(Transforming growth factorβ1,TGF-β1)和白介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)低于治疗前,观察组也低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗后的血钙值高于治疗前,观察组也高于对照组;两组治疗后的血磷值低于治疗前,观察组也低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:丹参多酚酸盐在维持性血液透析患者中的应用有利于残余肾功能的恢复,调节钙磷代谢平衡,抑制炎症因子的表达,从而提高治疗效果。     

放线菌Act12与腐植酸钾配施对丹参生长及其根域微生态的影响

探讨生防放线菌菌剂与腐植酸钾配施对丹参生长及其根域微生态的影响。以常规移栽处理为对照,研究小区试验中放线菌菌剂与腐植酸钾不同配施比例下对丹参生长、产量及抗根结线虫侵染的影响;并采用稀释平皿涂抹法测定丹参根区土壤、根表土壤、根外土壤及根系中细菌(B)、真菌(F)与放线菌(A)的数量,同时对优势细菌、真菌和放线菌进行了分子生物学鉴定,研究放线菌菌剂与腐植酸钾配施处理下丹参根域微生态变化。研究结果表明:1配施能增强菌剂对丹参的促生效果。菌剂与腐植酸钾配施T20处理丹参出苗率较对照提高8.7%,收获时的死亡率较对照减少39.0%;茎叶鲜质量、根鲜质量、单株根鲜质量、根干质量以及单株根干质量分别较对照增加6.1%、28.6%、11.1%、36.3%以及9.0%。2可以调整丹参植株根域土壤微生态平衡,降低有害微生物数量,增加有益微生物数量,改善微生物区系。在丹参根表土壤中,菌剂与腐植酸钾配施处理B/A值较对照降低78.4%,A/F值较对照增加95.0%。在丹参根系内,菌剂与腐植酸钾配施处理细菌数量较对照增加195.0%,未检测到真菌和放线菌存在。3在放线菌处理丹参根区、根表土壤中,有6株优势菌可能对丹参生长及抗病有益:3株优势细菌分别为硝基愈疮木胶节杆菌(Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus)、放射型根瘤菌(Rhizobium radiobacter)和弗雷德里克斯堡假单胞菌(Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis);3株优势放线菌分别为淀粉酶产色链霉菌(Streptomyces diastatochromogenes)、砖红链霉菌(S.lateritius)和卡伍尔链霉菌(S.cavourensis)。有2株优势菌疑为有害微生物:优势细菌为耐寒短杆菌(Brevibacterium frigoritolerans),优势放线菌为肿痂链霉菌(S.turgidiscabies)。这2种菌对其他作物的有害作用已有报道。4对丹参根结线虫侵染有强烈抑制作用,可使田间根结线虫侵染率降低49.3%。生防放线菌与腐植酸钾配施处理后能明显促进丹参生长,提高丹参产量及抗病虫能力,调节丹参根域微生态平衡。     

Complex floral traits shape pollinator attraction to ornamental plants

Background and AimsOrnamental flowering plant species are often used in managed greenspaces to attract and support pollinator populations. In natural systems, selection by pollinators is hypothesized to result in convergent multimodal floral phenotypes that are more attractive to specific pollinator taxa. In contrast, ornamental cultivars are bred via artificial selection by humans, and exhibit diverse and distinct phenotypes. Despite their prevalence in managed habitats, the influence of cultivar phenotypic variation on plant attractiveness to pollinator taxa is not well resolved.MethodsWe used a combination of field and behavioural assays to evaluate how variation in floral visual, chemical and nutritional traits impacted overall attractiveness and visitation by pollinator taxonomic groups and bee species to 25 cultivars of five herbaceous perennial ornamental plant genera.Key resultsDespite significant phenotypic variation, cultivars tended to attract a broad range of pollinator species. Nonetheless, at the level of insect order (bee, fly, butterfly, beetle), attraction was generally modulated by traits consistent with the pollination syndrome hypothesis. At the level of bee species, the relative influence of traits on visitation varied across plant genera, with some floral phenotypes leading to a broadening of the visitor community, and others leading to exclusion of visitation by certain bee species.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate how pollinator choice is mediated by complex multimodal floral signals. Importantly, the traits that had the greatest and most consistent effect on regulating pollinator attraction were those that are commonly selected for in cultivar development. Though variation among cultivars in floral traits may limit the pollinator community by excluding certain species, it may also encourage interactions with generalist taxa to support pollinator diversity in managed landscapes.     

A study of Salvia fruticosa Mill subsp. thomasii (Lacaita) Brullo,Guglielmo, Pavone & Terrasi,an endemic Sage of Southern Italy

The aim of this study was to investigate the essential oil profile of Salvia thomasii (Southern Italy) and to assess the relationship of this taxonomic unit to S. fruticosa. The essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main components are β-pinene, viridiflorol, 1,8-cineole, camphor, α-pinene and trans-caryophyllene. The oil was tested for its potential antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Ability Power (FRAP) and β-carotene bleaching test. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity assays were used to screen the neuroprotective effect of the essential oil. A clear distinction of the two taxonomic units emerge by the comparison of S. thomasii and S. fruticosa s.l. essential oil composition. Considering the weak morphological differences and the clear-cut geographic separation we propose to treat the Italian unit at subspecies level as Salvia fruticosa Mill subsp. thomasii (Lacaita) Brullo, Guglielmo, Pavone & Terrasi.     

丹参线粒体和叶绿体微卫星标记开发及多样性分析

该研究通过生物信息学方法,对丹参线粒体、叶绿体基因组序列进行SSR位点搜索,利用Primer3.0软件在线设计SSR引物,通过PCR扩增,筛选出扩增效果好、多态性高的10对cpSSR引物和13对mtSSR引物,用于分析61份丹参品种的遗传多样性和鼠尾草属植物种间的通用性。结果显示：（1）从2条基因组序列中搜索到32个cpSSR位点和24个mtSSR位点,其中叶绿体单核苷酸的重复序列最多为31个,占96.9%,重复类型中以A/T形式的微卫星最为丰富。（2）23对SSR引物共检测出46个等位基因,平均每个SSR位点等位基因数是2个,有效等位基因数为1.566;预期杂合度(H_e)为0.346,高于双子叶植物的平均水平（H_e=0.190）;多态信息含量（PIC）为0.278,大于0.250小于0.500;Shannons信息指数为0.519,表明所采集的丹参呈中等水平的遗传多样性。（3）聚类分析表明,61份丹参材料的遗传相似系数在0.54~0.96之间,并在遗传相似系数为0.64处将 61份丹参分为6个亚群：四川、山东和安徽省的丹参聚集在Ⅰ和Ⅱ亚群中,说明四川中江、山东和安徽地区的丹参亲缘关系较近,而来源于四川中江的丹参分布于所有亚群,表明四川中江的丹参具有丰富的多态性。（4）通用性检测结果显示,11对mtSSR引物在9种鼠尾草属中的平均通用性比率为64.63%,通用性较高;9对cpSSR引物在10种鼠尾草属中的平均通用性比率为44.66%,通用性较低;引物cp5p、cp8p和cp10p在野芝麻亚科植物属间的通用性较好。研究表明,开发的23对SSR引物在鼠尾草属内具有很好的适用性,可以为该属种间的亲缘关系和种内遗传分化研究提供分子依据。     

川芎嗪,丹参对豚鼠输尿管电位的影响

本工作研究了川芎嗪、丹参对豚鼠输尿管电位的影响。用０．５ｍｇ／ｍｌ、１．０ｍｇ／ｍｌ、２．０ｍｇ／ｍｌ、４．０ｍｇ／ｍｌ的川芎嗪分别注射豚鼠静脉,结果显示对豚鼠输尿管电位有不同的抑制作用。用１：８０、１：４０、１：２０、１：１０的丹参分别注射豚鼠静脉,也对豚鼠输尿管电位有不同的抑制作用。结果表明,丹参具扩张小动脉的作用,川芎嗪、丹参对输尿管平滑肌起了Ｃａ＾２＋的拮抗剂的作用。     

Is the dichogamy ofSalvia verbenaca (Lamiaceae) an effective barrier to self-fertilization?

Though dichogamy is generally interpreted as a means of preventing self-fertilization, the efficiency of this mechanism has been questioned. Little attention has been paid to functional aspects of male/female timing, such as variation over time in pollen germinability and in stigma receptivity. In the present study these aspects of male/female timing were investigated in the protandrous speciesSalvia verbenaca. To evaluate the effects of selfing, fruit set, total seed weight produced and seed/ovule ratio were also determined, (a) following artificial crossing, (b) following selfing (i.e. bagging) and (c) under natural conditions. Both pollen germinability and stigma receptivity peaked on the last day (day 3) of the flower's life, which presumably favours selfing. Neither fruit set nor seed/ovule ratio were significantly affected by pollination regime, but the total seed weight produced by artificially crossed plants was significantly higher than that produced by bagged or untreated plants. Neither fruit set, seed/ovule ratio nor total seed weight differed significantly between the two years of study. Thus, if aS. verbenaca flower receives outcrossing pollen it will produce a greater weight of seeds (with consequent advantages in terms of female reproductive success). However, the peaking of both pollen germinability and stigma receptivity on day 3 of the flower's life means that selfing is likely to occur if outcrossing pollen has not been received over the early part of the flower's life.     

朱唇种子吸水特性及其在干旱胁迫下萌发特性

种子粘液质是植物在长期适应环境过程中形成的,该物质对于种子的扩散、定居、生存力的改善、萌发、幼苗生存乃至抵御有毒化学物质毒害等都具有重要的生态学意义。朱唇为唇形科鼠尾草属多年生草本植物,原产美洲热带地区,现已广泛栽植于世界各地。为了理解朱唇种子表面的粘液物质吸水特性和种子在干旱胁迫下的萌发特性,该研究以朱唇种子为材料,运用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察以及种子萌发试验的方法,对种子和粘液层的形态结构、粘液质对种子萌发的影响进行了研究。结果表明:朱唇种子为卵形,表面为负网状结构,千粒重为(1.611±0.0084)g,无粘液种子吸水倍数为3,粘液种子吸水倍数为25,粘液层吸水倍数为122。粘液和无粘液种子及粘液层的重量都随吸水时间的延长而增长,但脱水过程要远长于吸水过程。朱唇种子吸水2 h达到饱和,经过36 h可干燥失水恢复原重。不同浓度PEG对朱唇种子的萌发均有影响,发芽势随PEG浓度升高而显著降低。朱唇种子在5%PEG胁迫下发芽率最高达(90.00±8.66)%,20%PEG胁迫下发芽率最低为(76.67±10.41)%,低浓度PEG对朱唇种子萌发有一定促进作用。这说明朱唇种子为速萌型种子,其粘液质在种子吸水过程中起到举足轻重的作用,能保证短时间内有充足的水分供其萌发。     

Chemical Diversity and Antimicrobial Activity of Salvia multicaulis Vahl Essential Oils

The chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils (EOs) of aerial parts of Salvia multicaulis Vahl , collected during the same week from two different Lebanese regions, were investigated. The EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger‐type apparatus and characterized by GC and GC/MS analyses. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of these EOs were determined against one Gram‐negative and two Gram‐positive bacteria, one yeast, and five dermatophytes using the broth microdilution technique. One EO was notably active against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin‐resistant S. aureus, and all of the Trichophyton species tested. Nerolidol was found to be the major compound in the active oil; nerolidol was also absent from the inactive oil. This study demonstrated that nerolidol shows antimicrobial activity and therefore significantly contributes to the antimicrobial potential of the oil. The chemical diversity of worldwide S. multicaulis EOs was analyzed, revealing that the EOs of this study belong to two different chemotypes found in the literature. The nerolidol chemotype appears to be restricted to Lebanon, and it can be used as antimicrobial agent against external bacterial and fungal infections.     

丹参bHLH转录因子基因SmMYC2的克隆和表达分析

MYC2是植物茉莉酸类激素响应途径中的核心转录因子,在植物防御反应、次生代谢调控及生长发育过程中均有重要的调控作用。基于丹参转录组和基因组survey序列,本研究克隆了丹参转录因子MYC2的基因序列,并命名为Sm MYC2(Gen Bank No.KJ945636)。Sm MYC2基因的c DNA序列长度为1910 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)的长度为1809 bp,编码602个氨基酸,无内含子;该基因编码蛋白与烟草、番茄等植物的MYC2蛋白具有较高的同源性;Sm MYC2蛋白无跨膜结构域、信号肽等结构。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果显示,Sm MYC2在丹参的根、茎、叶、花中均有表达,并且在根和茎中的表达量更高;此外,该基因表达受茉莉酸甲酯、光和机械损伤的诱导,但受赤霉素的抑制。本实验结果为进一步探讨Sm MYC2基因在丹参中的生物学功能奠定了基础。