注射用丹参多酚酸盐联合丙戊酸钠治疗脑卒中后癫痫患者的疗效分析

目的:研究注射用丹参多酚酸盐联合丙戊酸钠对脑卒中后癫痫的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选择2016年1月～2019年4月东南大学附属中大医院江北院区神经内科住院的80例脑卒中后癫痫患者,将其随机分为两组。对照组的40例患者仅给予丙戊酸钠治疗,观察组的40例患者给予丹参多酚酸盐联合丙戊酸钠治疗。比较两组治疗后的脑电图检查结果、癫痫症状控制情况。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率为明显高于对照组(97.50%vs. 80%,P0.05);两组的累及导联数、痫样放电、发作持续时间、发作次数较治疗前以及血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(Neuron specific enolase,NSE)水平均较治疗前明显降低(P0.05),且观察组以上指标均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组的嗜睡、皮疹、头痛、感觉异常、恶心呕吐的发生率比较差异无明显统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:注射用丹参多酚酸盐联合丙戊酸钠治疗脑卒中后癫痫的疗效明显优于单用丙戊酸钠治疗,其可更有效控制癫痫症状,且安全性较高。     

Protective effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract on myocardium oxidative injury in ischemic–reperfusion rats

Salvia miltiorrhiza has strong antioxidative activity. They may have a strong potential as cardioprotective agents in ischemic–reperfusion injury. Experiments were carried out in Sprague–Dawley rats with myocardium ischemia reperfusion (IR). Myocardial injuries during IR were determined by changes in electrocardiogram analysis of arrhythmias, antioxidant enzyme activities, AST, CK-MB, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and myocyte apoptosis. Results showed that S. miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SAME) pre-treatment significantly decreased the ST-segment (ΣST₁₂₀) and myocardium MDA, AST, CK-MB, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, increased myocardium antioxidant enzyme activities, and inhibit myocardium cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the SAME pre-treatment significantly upregulated p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 protein expression, decreased myocardium TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations in IR rats. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were positively correlated with the changes in myocardium p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 protein expression levels in IR rats. It can be concluded that the SAME pre-treatment has anti-ischemic and anti-apoptosis activity in heart IR rats. SAME pre-treatment protects heart against IR injury, at least in part, through its stimulating effects on injury-induced deactivation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.     

丹参不同生长时期对UV-B辐射的敏感性

以遮阳棚下盆栽药用植物丹参为研究材料,以综合了株高、叶面积和生物量3个形态学指标的敏感性指数SI以及叶片中主要酚酸类物质迷迭香酸(RA)和丹酚酸B(SAB)含量为指标,研究快速生长期和收获期丹参对不同UV-B辐射强度的敏感性差异.结果表明: 随着UV-B辐射增强,敏感性指数SI在快速生长期和收获期均减小,且收获期小于快速生长期;叶片中RA和SAB含量随UV-B辐射增强而增加,收获期的变化幅度大于快速生长期.根部RA和SAB含量在UV-B辐射下减少,且随辐射强度和辐射时间延长而降低,尤其在收获期高强度UV-B处理下,RA和SAB总量分别为对照的10.0%和6.3%.     

荔枝草中一个新的倍半萜

为了研究荔枝草全草中的倍半萜类化学成分,该文运用大孔吸附树脂D101、MCI、硅胶和反相HPLC等色谱技术对其进行分离纯化,根据HR-ESI-MS、NMR波谱数据鉴定了化合物的结构。结果表明:从荔枝草全草95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位中分离得到3个桉叶烷型倍半萜类化合物,分别鉴定为8-ethoxy-eudebeiolide B(1)、salplebeone D(2)、salplebeone A(3)。其中,化合物1为新化合物。     

Cu2+胁迫对丹参生长及有效成分积累的影响

研究了土壤Cu²⁺胁迫对丹参（Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge）的生长和有效成分积累的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,Cu²⁺胁迫下丹参的生长受到抑制,土壤和丹参体内Cu²⁺残留量、膜脂过氧化程度增加,而叶绿素含量降低。此外,与对照相比,Cu²⁺胁迫下丹参地上部分中水溶性酚酸类成分咖啡酸、丹参素和原儿茶酸含量增加,迷迭香酸、原儿茶醛和丹酚酸B含量显著降低,而根系中这6种酚酸类成分和4种脂溶性丹参酮类成分二氢丹参酮、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ、丹参酮ⅡA的含量均降低。表明铜胁迫抑制了丹参的生长,影响了有效成分的积累。     

Abietane diterpenoid dimers from the roots of Salvia prionitis

Three abietane diterpenoid dimers, bisprioterones A-C (1-3), were isolated from roots of the Chinese folk medicinal plant Salvia prionitis Hance (Labiatae). Compounds 1-3 possessed two different abietane diterpenoid skeleta, which were linked via either a C-C single bond (1 and 2) or an ether bridge (3). Their structures were elucidated by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. The structure of 1 was further confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction determination.     

Selection of large host plants for oviposition by a monophagous leaf beetle: nutritional quality or enemy‐free space?

Abstract.  1. Oviposition site selection is crucial for the reproductive success of herbivorous insects. According to the preference–performance hypothesis, females should oviposit on host plants that enhance the performance of their offspring. More specifically, the plant vigour hypothesis predicts that females should prefer large and vigorously growing host plants for oviposition and that larvae should perform best on these plants.
2. The present study examined whether females of the monophagous leaf beetle Cassida canaliculata Laich. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) prefer to oviposit on large host plant individuals of the meadow clary and whether large host plants are of higher nutritional quality than small host plants. Subsequently, it was tested whether the female preference correlates with offspring performance and survival.
3. In the field, females preferred large host plant individuals for oviposition and host plant quality, i.e. leaf nitrogen content, was significantly higher in leaves of large than of small host plants.
4. In the laboratory, larval development time was shorter on leaves of large host plant individuals than on small host plant individuals, but this could not be shown in the field.
5. However, a predator-exclusion experiment in the field resulted in a higher survival of larvae on large host plants than on small host plants when all predators had free access to the plants. On caged host plants there was no difference in survival of larvae between plant size categories.
6. It is concluded that females of C. canaliculata select oviposition sites that enhance both performance and survival of their offspring, which meets the predictions of the plant vigour hypothesis.     

Proline involvement in the common sage antioxidant system in the presence of NaCl and paraquat

To elucidate proline antioxidant properties in common sage (Salvia officinalis L.) plants, they were treated with paraquat (a producer of superoxide radical) and/or NaCl and also with paraquat and proline at the stage of 4–5 true leaves. The paraquat solution (1 ml containing 0.1 μmol of the agent) was applied to the leaf surface; NaCl (200 mM) and proline (the final concentration of 5 mM) were added to nutrient medium. Experimental plants were firstly kept in darkness for 12 h, then illuminated, and in 3, 6, and 12 h, leaves and roots were fixed for biochemical analyses. The results obtained are in agreement with the supposition of proline antioxidant properties. In particular, it was established that paraquat induced a slight increase in the proline level in the leaves during dark period of plant growth and also during subsequent 3 h after light switching on. This transient proline accumulation in the leaves was accompanied by its level decrease in the roots. Proline addition to the nutrient medium of paraquat-treated plants neutralized paraquat damaging action on the leaves. In the presence of paraquat, proline treatment reduced the accumulation in the roots of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, the product of membrane lipid peroxidation. It also affected indirectly the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and free, covalently bound, and ionically bound peroxidases. Keeping in mind that, in the presence of paraquat, superoxide-induced changes in SOD activity in the roots were negatively correlated with the level of proline, which content was the highest during the last hours of experiments, we can conclude that proline antioxidant effects are manifested only after 12 h of stressor action, whereas antioxidant enzymes are involved in ROS scavenging during the earlier stage of damaging factor action.     

Cyanosalvianin, a supramolecular blue metalloanthocyanin, from petals of Salvia uliginosa

A metalloanthocyanin, cyanosalvianin, was found in blue petals of Salvia uliginosa. Cyanosalvianin consisted of 3-O-(6-O-p-coumaroylglucopyranosyl)-5-O-(4-O-acetyl-6-O-malonylglucopyranosyl) delphinidin, 7,4′-di-O-glucopyranosylapigenin and magnesium ion. We reproduced the same blue color as the petals by mixing the three components together. An ESI-MS measurement gave a molecular weight of 9014 indicating the composition of cyanosalvianin to be six molecules of the anthocyanin component, six molecules of the flavone component and two magnesium ions. The special arrangement of the organic components in cyanosalvianin was analyzed by CD and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. It was clarified that cyanosalvianin has a similar structure to that of commelinin, a metalloanthocyanin isolated from blue dayflower, Commelina communis.     

4种鼠尾草属植物根、茎、叶中脂溶性成分的分布差异性

为了说明4种鼠尾草属植物脂溶性成分在根、茎、叶中的分布情况,本文采用了组织化学定位和HPLC图谱分析相结合的方法,对4种鼠尾草属植物不同部位的脂溶性成分进行了分析.结果表明:4种鼠尾草属植物的根、茎、叶中脂溶性成分的分布有差异,根中脂溶性成分分布于周皮,茎、叶中脂溶性成分分布于表皮.丹参和白花丹参根中的脂溶性成分主要是丹参酮ⅡA、丹参酮Ⅰ和二氢丹参酮Ⅰ,鼠尾草和药用鼠尾草根中仅含丹参酮ⅡA,不含丹参酮Ⅰ和二氢丹参酮Ⅰ.茎、叶中的脂溶性成分不是丹参酮ⅡA、丹参酮Ⅰ和二氢丹参酮Ⅰ.脂溶性成分的种类和含量随品种和引种地的不同而产生差异.这一结果明确了脂溶性成分在4种鼠尾草属植物不同部位的确切分布,为准确用药提供了依据.