用凝集素和非同位素标记底物测定核心α－1，6－岩藻糖转移酶及其应用

报道了一个不需同位素和ＨＰＬＣ的α－１,６－岩藻糖转移酶（α１,６ＦｕＴ,又称核心岩藻糖转移酶）的测定法,包括从正常人血浆提纯运铁蛋白,消化成带有天冬酰胺（Ａｓｎ）的二天线Ｎ－糖链,去除外端唾液酸和半乳糖后,用生物素酰胺乙酰基团标记其Ａｓｎ,并以此生物素衍生物标记的Ａｓｎ－七糖的Ｎ－糖链为受体底物,ＧＤＰ－Ｌ－岩藻糖为供体底物,用ＬＣＡ柱吸附法分离岩藻糖化后的产物,再用ＨＲｐ－Ａｖｉｄｉｎ交联物与柱上带有生物素的产物结合,此ＨＲＰ－Ａｖｉｄｉｎ－生物素。岩藻糖化产物从柱上洗脱后测定ＨＲＰ活力可代表α１,６ＦｕＴ活力。此法在较宽的范围内,产物量与酶量和反应时间成正比．人肝细胞癌、亚硝胺诱发大鼠肝癌后期或用佛波酯（ＰＭＡ）处理人肝癌细胞后,α１,６ＦｕＴ增高,而用视黄酸或ｄｂ－ｃＡＭＰ处理人肝癌细胞后,则该酶活力降低。     

用~1H NMR和FT－IR研究hF－GRP及其类似物TF14与DMPC脂质体的相互作用

用１ＨＮＭＲ和ＦＴ－ＩＲ技术研究了肽激素ｈＦ－ＧＲＰ及其类似物ＴＦ１４与ＤＭＰＣ脂质体的相互作用及其构象变化,１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ实验结果提示这两个肽与ＤＭＰＣ之间存在静电相互作用,这使其可从水相结合到脂相中。ＦＴ－ＩＲ实验结果显示它们的构象从水相到脂相确实发生了某些调整变化,ｈＦ－ＧＲＰ趋于更加固定和弯曲,ＴＦ１４趋于更加伸展。以上工作为进一步从事ｈＦ－ＧＲＰ和ＴＦ１４受体结合的研究奠定了基础。     

Solution structure and dynamics of ribonuclease Sa.

We have used NMR methods to characterize the structure and dynamics of ribonuclease Sa in solution. The solution structure of RNase Sa was obtained using the distance constraints provided by 2,276 NOEs and the C6-C96 disulfide bond. The 40 resulting structures are well determined; their mean pairwise RMSD is 0.76 A (backbone) and 1.26 A (heavy atoms). The solution structures are similar to previously determined crystal structures, especially in the secondary structure, but exhibit new features: the loop composed of Pro 45 to Ser 48 adopts distinct conformations and the rings of tyrosines 51, 52, and 55 have reduced flipping rates. Amide protons with greatly reduced exchange rates are found predominantly in interior beta-strands and the alpha-helix, but also in the external 3/10 helix and edge beta-strand linked by the disulfide bond. Analysis of (15)N relaxation experiments (R1, R2, and NOE) at 600 MHz revealed five segments, consisting of residues 1-5, 28-31, 46-50, 60-65, 74-77, retaining flexibility in solution. The change in conformation entropy for RNase SA folding is smaller than previously believed, since the native protein is more flexible in solution than in a crystal.     

Optimal harvesting of stochastically fluctuating populations

 We obtain the optimal harvesting plan to maximize the expected discounted number of individuals harvested over an infinite future horizon, under the most common (Verhulst-Pearl) logistic model for a stochastically fluctuating population. We also solve the problem for the standard variants of the model where there are constraints on the admissible harvesting rates. We use stochastic calculus to derive the optimal population threshold at which individuals are harvested as well as the overall value of the population in the sense of the model. We show that except under extreme conditions, the population is never depleted in finite time, but remains in a stationary distribution which we find explicitly. Needless to say, our results prove that any strategy which totally depletes the population is sub-optimal. These results are much more precise than those previously obtained for this problem. Received 24 June 1996; received in revised form 7 April 1997     

北京地区恒河猴试验性繁殖及部分生物学特性观察

本实验于1992年底开始,通过选种、选配,建立了一个11只雄猴,77只雌猴的恒河猴生产繁殖种群并对其繁殖性能进行了观察与研究。三年间,利用大笼群养的“后宫式”繁殖方法,母猴怀孕107例,流产11例,生产仔猴96只,离乳94只。平均妊娠率、产仔率、离乳率分别为51．44％、46．15％、97．92％。在“后宫式”群养方式繁殖成功后,我们又尝试了单笼饲养、定期交配的新的繁殖方法,当年投种9只母猴,怀孕7只,生产7只。怀孕率、生产率均为77．78％。在进行实验性繁殖的同时,对人工条件下饲养的恒河猴的部分生物学特性如妊娠期、月经周期、血液生理生化指标、生长特性等进行了观察、记录和统计。结果表明人工条件下饲养的恒河猴在每年11月至次年4月间交配,4月至9月分娩。恒河猴具有间情期,每年秋冬季发情,平均月经周期为28．31±2．82d（n＝70）。平均怀孕期为163．46±11.87d（n＝13）。本实验为人工繁殖恒河猴进而实现实验动物化积累了基础数据,为将来提供高等级的、遗传背景清楚的、高质量的实验猕猴奠定了工作基础。     

Transfer of Protection to Murine Typhoid Conferred by L-Form Salmonella typhimurium in Dependence of Cooperation between L Form-Adopted Macrophages and L Form-Induced Lyt-2+ T Cells

The effector cells responsible for protection to Salmonella typhimurium in C3H/HeJ mice, conferred by L-form S. typhimurium, were determined by cell transfer test. Nonfractionated spleen cells from 6-week immune mice but not from 24-week immune animals transferred anti-S. typhimurium immunity. Treatment with anti-macrophage antiserum and complement most effectively abolished protective capacity in 6-week immune cells, while anti-T cell monoclonal antibody plus complement reduced it to a lesser extent. However, adoptive protection was achieved only by transfer of immune macrophages along with Lyt-2⁺ T cells selected from 6-week immune spleen cells. These Lyt-2⁺ T cells were cytotoxic to Kupffer cells from C3H/HeJ mice which had been infected 48 hr previously and from the mice which had been immunized 1 week previously, but not to the cells from 6-week immune mice and from normal animals. Moreover, protective capacity in immune macrophages seemed to be correlated to the degree of colonization by the L forms, and the inability to transfer immunity of 24-week immune spleen cells may be due to the decrease in the L form-colonization. These results suggest that cooperation between the L form-colonized macrophages and L form-induced cytotoxic Lyt-2⁺ T cells contributes to anti-S. typhimurium immunity, and might imply the immunological difference between the 6-week immune phagocytes and the cells at an early stage of infection or immunization.     

α－苦瓜子蛋白晶体结构中的次级相互作用的研究──Ⅰ结构中氢键相互作用的分析

α－苦瓜子蛋白是一种单链核糖体失活蛋白,具有Ｎ－糖苷酶活性,２．０Ａ分辨率的三维结构已经测定。α－苦瓜子蛋白中总共有３５３个氢键,其中主链原子间氢键１６５个,主链原子与侧链原子间氢键５４个,侧链原子间氢键２１个,蛋白分子中原子与溶水剂的氢键１１３个,主链Ｃ＝Ｏ,主链ＮＨ及侧链分子结构中有９５％的残基能生成氢键,Ａｓｐ．Ｇｌｕ、Ａｓｎ、Ｇｌｎ具有较强的生成多个氢键的能力,并对１３个没有任何氢键的残基作了分析。Ａｎ、Ｌｅｕ、Ｉｌｅ、ＧｌＵ、Ｇｌｎ在α螺旋中出现税率较大,Ｖａｌ、Ｌｅｕ、Ｔｙｒ、Ｉｌｅ、Ｔｈｒ在β结构中占了一半以上,Ａｒｇ容易形成远程的氢键,而Ｓｅｒ、Ｔｈｒ则容易形成近程氢键。某些氢键,特别是保守残基间的氢键,对形成蛋白分子局部特征构象和活性部位的特征构象有影响,α－苦瓜子蛋白的特定折叠方式对其与溶剂水分子成氢键有影响。     

伤寒─鼠伤寒重组株Vi4072在小鼠中定居及血清学效果观察试验

以伤寒─鼠伤寒双价重组株Ｖｉ４０７２的３×１０８ＣＦＵ一次口服感染ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠,４天后即可从小鼠的集合淋巴结、肝、脾中分离到该菌,４９天后该菌始被小鼠机体彻底清除。血清和小肠匀浆液中Ｖｉ抗体检测结果证明Ｖｉ４０７２菌株有刺激特异性免疫应答的功能。血清、小肠匀浆液中Ｖｉ抗体明显升高。     

Application of a virulent bacteriophage cocktail leads to reduction of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis counts in processed meat products

Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) is a major cause of food-borne disease outbreaks worldwide. We evaluated the effectiveness of five lytic bacteriophages applied as a cocktail to reduce the counts of SE in two types of processed meat products: cooked (turkey ham (TB) and chicken sausage (CS)) and cured sausage (Italian salami (IS) and barbecue sausage (BS)). Groups of 25 samples each were contaminated with SE, treated with a phage cocktail using a multiplicity of infection of 10⁵ and then incubated for ten days at 18°C and 4°C. A significant reduction in bacteria was obtained on days 3, 6 and 10 in all matrices incubated at 18°C (from 0.48 to 2.12?log Colony Forming Units (CFU)?g^?1) and at 4°C (from 0.23 to 2.06?log CFU?g^?1), with the exception of BS at day 3 at 4°C, and IS at both incubation temperatures throughout the trial. The viral titre remained stable in all matrices analysed except in BS. These results show the effectiveness of this bacteriophage cocktail against S. enterica serovar Enteritidis in some processed meat products such as CS, BS and TB.