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51.
Ch. Leuschner 《植被学杂志》1993,4(2):255-262
Abstract. The availability of maj or plant resources was investigated in three vegetation types that were assumed to represent different stages of a secondary succession on heathland on the Lüneburger Heide, northwestern Germany. Canopy transmission and absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), soil-water availability, and nutrient (Ca, K, Mg, N, P) availability were monitored with high spatial and temporal resolution in (1) a Calluna vulgaris heathland, (2) a pioneer birch-pine forest and (3) a late-successional oak-beech forest, situated close to each other on comparable geological substrate (diluvial). Mean fractional transmission of PAR during summer decreased from 0.48 in the heathland to 0.04 in the oak-beech forest while the fractional canopy absorption increased from 0.49 to 0.92. Soil-water availability as indicated by the soil-water potential, was significantly influenced by differential canopy interception loss and characteristic rooting patterns in the three vegetation types. Annual mean nutrient concentrations in the equilibrium soil solution were similar or, for some elements, increased from the heathland to the birch-pine and the oak-beech forest despite a growing demand. A marked increase was found for the total nutrient pools in the soil-organic layer between early and late successional vegetation types. On the poor glacial parent material, nutrient pools seem to be strongly dependent on stand productivity and litter production which increased with succession. Thus, for nutrients, facilitation seems to be important in this type of succession. 相似文献
52.
53.
Upgrading the genome of an elite japonica rice variety Kongyu 131 for lodging resistance improvement
Chen Wang Xiaomin Feng Qingbo Yuan Kangxue Lin Xiaohui Zhang Li Yan Jianzong Nan Wenqi Zhang Rongsheng Wang Lihong Wang Qian Xue Xiaowen Yang Zhixia Liu Shaoyang Lin 《Plant biotechnology journal》2023,21(2):419-432
Developing a new rice variety requires tremendous efforts and years of input. To improve the defect traits of the excellent varieties becomes more cost and time efficient than breeding a completely new variety. Kongyu 131 is a high-performing japonica variety with early maturity, high yield, wide adaptability and cold resistance, but the poor-lodging resistance hinders the industrial production of Kongyu 131 in the Northeastern China. In this study, we attempted to improve the lodging resistance of Kongyu 131 from perspectives of both gene and trait. On the one hand, by QTL analysis and fine mapping we discovered the candidate gene loci. The following CRISPR/Cas9 and transgenic complementation study confirmed that Sd1 dominated the lodging resistance and favourable allele was mined for precise introduction and improvement. On the other hand, the Sd1 allelic variant was identified in Kongyu 131 by sequence alignment, then introduced another excellent allelic variation by backcrossing. Then, the two new resulting Kongyu 131 went through the field evaluation under different environments, planting densities and nitrogen fertilizer conditions. The results showed that the plant height of upgraded Kongyu 131 was 17%–26% lower than Kongyu 131 without penalty in yield. This study demonstrated a precise and targeted way to update the rice genome and upgrade the elite rice varieties by improving only a few gene defects from the perspective of breeding. 相似文献
54.
植物激素乙烯在多种生理生化过程中发挥重要作用,但其在特定组织器官中的合成机制尚不完全清楚。拟南芥中存在12个功能未知的ACC氧化酶类似蛋白(ACO-like homolog,ACOL),运用基因定点编辑技术构建了ACOL8的功能丧失型突变体,发现该基因的突变削弱了经典的乙烯“三重反应”。与野生型相比,突变体黄化幼苗下胚轴及主根的长度显著增加,这与突变体对外源ACC的敏感性下降现象一致。同时还发现ACOL8基因的表达受乙烯信号的正反馈调控,EIN3过表达增强其表达水平,而etr1-3的突变则产生相反效应。再者,在正常条件下,ACOL8基因的突变并未影响拟南芥的生长;但在盐胁迫条件下,突变体的根冠比显著下降,这说明该基因参与植物的盐胁迫响应。综上,这些结果说明ACOL8可能具有ACC氧化酶的功能,参与乙烯的合成与响应。 相似文献
55.
Tupa Basuroy Megan Dreier Caitlin Baum Thomas Blomquist Robert Trumbly Fabian V. Filipp Ivana L. de la Serna 《Pigment cell & melanoma research》2023,36(1):19-32
Lineage-specific differentiation programs are activated by epigenetic changes in chromatin structure. Melanin-producing melanocytes maintain a gene expression program ensuring appropriate enzymatic conversion of metabolites into the pigment, melanin, and transfer to surrounding cells. During neuroectodermal development, SMARCA4 (BRG1), the catalytic subunit of SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes, is essential for lineage specification. SMARCA4 is also required for development of multipotent neural crest precursors into melanoblasts, which differentiate into pigment-producing melanocytes. In addition to the catalytic domain, SMARCA4 and several SWI/SNF subunits contain bromodomains which are amenable to pharmacological inhibition. We investigated the effects of pharmacological inhibitors of SWI/SNF bromodomains on melanocyte differentiation. Strikingly, treatment of murine melanoblasts and human neonatal epidermal melanocytes with selected bromodomain inhibitors abrogated melanin synthesis and visible pigmentation. Using functional genomics, iBRD9, a small molecule selective for the bromodomain of BRD9 was found to repress pigmentation-specific gene expression. Depletion of BRD9 confirmed a requirement for expression of pigmentation genes in the differentiation program from melanoblasts into pigmented melanocytes and in melanoma cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that iBRD9 disrupts the occupancy of BRD9 and the catalytic subunit SMARCA4 at melanocyte-specific loci. These data indicate that BRD9 promotes melanocyte pigmentation whereas pharmacological inhibition of BRD9 is repressive. 相似文献
56.
57.
摘要 目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)伴慢性牙周炎(CP)患者龈沟液网膜素-1(Omentin-1)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、骨保护素(OPG)/细胞核因子κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)比值与牙周指标、氧化应激和核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)炎症小体的关系。方法:选择2020年6月至2022年6月首都医科大学附属北京康复医院收治的73例T2DM患者(T2DM组),77例CP患者(CP组),83例T2DM伴CP患者(T2DM伴CP组)。检测所有患者龈沟液中Omentin-1、MMP-9、OPG/RANKL比值,分析其与牙周指标、氧化应激和NLRP3炎症小体相关分子信使核糖核酸(mRNA)表达的相关性。结果:T2DM伴CP组龈沟液中Omentin-1,OPG/RANKL比值、总抗氧化能力(TAC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)低于T2DM组和CP组(P<0.05),MMP-9、丙二醛(MDA)、NLRP3mRNA、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)mRNA、半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1(caspase-1)mRNA表达以及出血指数(SBI)、菌斑指数(PLI)、牙周袋探诊深度(PD)、附着丧失(AL)高于T2DM组和CP组(P<0.05)。T2DM伴CP患者龈沟液中Omentin-1、OPG/RANKL比值与TAC、SOD呈正相关(P<0.05),与MDA、NLRP3mRNA、ASC mRNA、caspase-1mRNA表达以及PLI、SBI、AL、PD呈负相关(P<0.05),MMP-9与TAC、SOD呈负相关(P<0.05),与MDA、NLRP3mRNA、ASC mRNA、caspase-1mRNA表达以及PLI、SBI、AL、PD呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:T2DM伴CP患者龈沟液中Omentin-1水平、OPG/ RANKL比值降低,MMP-9水平升高,与牙周组织破坏加重、氧化应激、NLRP3炎症小体激活有关。 相似文献
58.
Olavi Junttila Einar Jensen David W. Pearce Richard P. Pharis 《Physiologia plantarum》1992,84(1):113-120
Cessation of shoot elongation in seedlings of Salix pentandra L. is induced by short photoperiod. Gibbereliin A9 (GA9 ) applied either to the apical bud or injected into a mature leaf, induced shoot elongation under a short photoperiod of 12 h, and GA9 could completely substitute for a transfer to a long photoperiod. When [3 H]GA9 or [2 H2 ]GA9 was injected into a leaf, no [3 H]GA9 was detected in the elongating apex and only traces of [3 H]GA9 were found in the shoot above the treated leaf. By the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), [2 H2 ]GA20 was identified as the main metabolite of [2 H2 ]GA9 in both the shoot and the treated leaf. In addition, [2 H2 ]GA1 and [2 H2 ]GA29 were also identified as metabolites of [2 H2 ]GA9 . These results are consistent with the hypothesis that exogenous GA, promotes shoot elongation in Salix through its metabolism to GA20 and GA,. 相似文献
59.
Sandrine Sagan Hubert Josien Philippe Karoyan Alié Brunissen Gérard Chassaing Solange Lavielle 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》1996,4(12):2167-2178
The action of rotameric probes introduced either in position 7 or 8 in the sequence of substance P (SP) was investigated, i.e.
-tetrahydroisoquinoleic acid (Tic),
-fluorenylglycine (Flg),
-diphenylalanine (Dip), the diastereoisomers of
-1-indanylglycine (Ing) and
-benz[ƒ]indanylglycine (Bfi), the Z- and E-isomers of dehydrophenylalanine and dehydronaphthylalanine (ΔZPhe, ΔEPhe, ΔZNal, ΔENal) and
(Dmp). The aim of this study was the topographical characterization of the binding subsites of human NK-1 receptor expressed in CHO cells, especially the S7 and S8 subsites, corresponding to residues Phe7 and Phe8 of substance P. According to the binding potencies of these substituted-SP analogues, the S7 binding subsite is smaller than the S8 subsite: the S7 subsite accepts only one aromatic nucleus, while the S8 can accommodate three coplanar nuclei altogether. These findings are compatible with the idea that the S8 binding subsite may reside in the extracellular loops of the hNK-1 receptor. NK-1 agonists bind to human NK-1 receptor and activate the production of both inositol phosphates and cyclic AMP. As already quoted for septide, [pGlu6, Pro9]SP(6–11), discrepancies are observed between affinity (Ki) and activity (EC50) values for IPs production. While a weak correlation between Ki and EC50 values for IPs production could be found (r = 0.70), an excellent correlation could be demonstrated between their affinities (Ki) and their potencies (EC50) for cAMP production (r = 0.97). The high potency (EC50) observed for ‘septide-like’ molecules on PI hydrolysis, compared to their affinity is not an artefact related to the high level of NK-1 receptors expressed on CHO cells since a good correlation was found between EC50 values obtained for PI hydrolysis and those measured for spasmogenic activity in guinea pig ileum bioassay (r = 0.94).
According to the binding potencies of constrained analogues of phenylalanine, the S7 binding subsite of human NK-1 receptor is small, whereas the S8, which can accommodate three coplanar nuclei, might probably reside in the extracellular loop. The discrepancies observed between affinity (Ki) and activity (EC50) values for IPs production are not an artefact of CHO cells since a good correlation was found between EC50 for PI hydrolysis and those measured in guinea pig ileum bioassay. 相似文献