替吉奥联合顺铂治疗晚期胃癌临床疗效研究

目的:研究替吉奥联合顺铂治疗晚期胃癌的疗效和安全性.方法:42例晚期胃腺癌患者随机分为观察组(21例)与对照组(21例)两组,观察组采用替吉奥联合顺铂,对照组采用卡培他滨联合顺铂.结果:两组患者疗效间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组的不良反应主要为骨髓抑制、消化道反应和乏力,观察组Ⅲ～Ⅳ度血小板减少发生率显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),Ⅲ～Ⅳ度手足综合征的发生率亦显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:替吉奥联合顺铂治疗晚期胃癌疗效与卡培他滨联合顺铂相当,但其患者耐受性更好,值得临床进一步研究推广使用.     

Equilibration of [3H]glucosamine and [35S]sulfate with intracellular pools of UDP-N-acetylhexosamine and 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) in cultured fibroblasts

Nucleotides and sugar nucleotides were extracted from cultures of human fibroblasts with perchloric acid, separated by isotachophoresis, and quantified by uv absorption analysis at 254 nm. ATP (936 pmol/μg DNA) was, as expected, the dominating nucleotide pool. The energy charge was estimated to 0.9. The UDP-N-acetylhexosamine pool was also a very prominent compound (596 pmol/μg DNA). After incubation of fibroblasts with [³H]glucosamine, more than 95% of the acid-soluble radioactivity was found in the UDP-N-acetylhexosamine pool. Incubation with [³⁵S]sulfate resulted in the incorporation of [³⁵S]sulfate into 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS). The latter could, however, only be measured as radioactivity, as the amount was too small to be quantified as total mass. Pulse-labeling of fibroblasts with [³⁵S]sulfate and [³H]glucosamine from 5 min to 16 h showed that [³⁵S]PAPS was equilibrated in less than 10 min, while [³H]glucosamine required a longer time, 2–4 h, to attain a steady state with UDP-N-acetylhexosamine. [¹⁴C]Glucose required approximately the same time as [³H]glucosamine to reach steady state with UDP-acetylhexosamine, which suggests that the reason for the long equilibration time is the slow turnover of this pool.     

Diversity of Degradation Pathways of Some Aromatic Compounds by Phenotype and Genotype Testing in Acinetobacter Strains

Phenotype and genotype testing were combined in this study to identify the diversity of five Acinetobacter strains to degrade some low-molecular-weight aromatic compounds. Three groups were identified: Group one, A. calcoaceticus PHEA-2 and A. baumanii UMI-95, which had the ability to degrade catechol and protocatchuate, and could catabolize vanillic acid and phenol; Group two, Acinetobacter sp. MM1, which had the ability to degrade protocatchuate, but not catechol, just could catabolize vanillic acid; and Group three, A. lwoffi UMI-8, A. junii 85, which degraded neither catechol nor protocatchuate, not could catabolize vanillic acid or phenol. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Biochemical correlates to cortical dysplasia,gliosis, and astrocytoma infiltration in human epileptogenic cortex

The study provides detailed biochemical correlates to the common histopathological diagnoses in epilepsy. A dot immunobinding procedure was used for quantification of NSE, GFA, S-100, NCAM, NF 68 and NF 200. The material consisted of samples from 48 patients either selected for surgical treatment of partial epilepsy or for disorders not related to epilepsy. The histopthological diagnosis of the epileptic cases was: MCD (mild cortical dysplasia, microdysgenesis), gliosis, astrocytoma, ganglioglioma, oligodendroglioma and single cases. The concentration in non-epileptic white matter, in per cent of that in grey matter was: NSE, 85; GFA, 175; S-100, 117; NCAM, 43; NF 68,227 and NF 200, 173. The concentration of NSE as well as of GFA was close to normal in the specimens of the MCD and gliosis groups and of one subgroup of the astrocytomas. There was a striking inverse relationship of the GFA vs the NSE concentrations in the whole material. The concentrations of S-100 showed no such inverse relationship to NSE levels. In all the epileptic groups, total NCAM was lower than 50% of that of the non-epileptic group. The mean NF 68 and NF 200 concentration in the gliosis and astrocytoma groups was 75% of the of the non-epileptic group while the corresponding value for the MCD group was 50%. There was a positive correlation of immunochemically determined GFA and the histopathological gliosis score in the samples of epileptogenic cortex. There was no correlation between the concentration of GFA in the samples and the duration of epilepsy. The concentration of neuronal markers was relatively unaffected in the cortex of most patients with epilepsy related to MCD, gliosis and even to astrocytoma infiltration, even after years of seizures.Special issue dedicated to Dr. Claude Baxter.     

Prediction of secondary structures of 16S and 23S rRNA fromEscherichia coli

Small and large subunits ofEscherichia coli ribosome have three different rRNAs, the sequences of which are known. However, attempts by three groups to predict secondary structures of 16S and 23S rRNAs have certain common limitations namely, these structures are predicted assuming no interactions among various domains of the molecule and only 40% residues are involved in base pairing as against the experimental observation of 60 % residues in base paired state. Recent experimental studies have shown that there is a specific interaction between naked 16S and 23S rRNA molecules. This is significant because we have observed that the regions (oligonucleotides of length 9–10 residues), in 16S rRNA which are complementary to those in 23S rRNA do not have internal complementary sequences. Therefore, we have developed a simple graph theoretical approach to predict secondary structures of 16S and 23S rRNAs. Our method for model building not only uses complete sequence of 16S or 23S rRNA molecule along with other experimental observations but also takes into account the observation that specific recognition is possible through the complementary sequences between 16S and 23S rRNA molecules and, therefore, these parts of the molecules are not used for internal base pairing. The method used to predict secondary structures is discussed. A typical secondary structure of the complex between 16S and 23S rRNA molecules, obtained using our method, is presented and compared Briefly with earlier model Building studies.     

Leukotrienes and myometrial activity of the term pregnant uterus

Biopsies from different segments of the pregnant human uterus were superfused in organ chambers and contractile activity was registered. Leukotriene C₄(LTC₄) caused inhibition of spontaneous but not noradrenaline induced contractile activity in strips from the cervix. This effect occured both in early pregnancy and at term. However, the lower and the upper uterine segment of the term pregnant uterus did not respond to LTC₄. The results represent a documentation of the segmental differentiation in the uterine response to eicosanoids.     

Identity Between Cytoplasmic and Membrane-Bound S-100 Proteins Purified from Bovine and Rat Brain

Cytoplasmic and membrane-bound S-100 proteins were purified to homogeneity from bovine and rat brain. Cytoplasmic and membrane-bound S-100 from single species are identical by immunological, electrophoretic, spectrophotometric, and functional criteria. Cytoplasmic and membrane-bound S-100 from bovine brain consists of nearly equal amounts of S-100a and S-100b, whereas cytoplasmic and membrane-bound S-100 from rat brain consists mostly of S-100b. The functional role of membrane-bound S-100 remains to be elucidated.     

The Enzymes of Acetyl-CoA Metabolism in Differentiating Cholinergic (S-20) and Noncholinergic (NIE-115) Neuroblastoma Cells

Dibutyryl cyclic AMP and butyrate inhibited growth of S-20 (cholinergic) and NIE-115 (adrenergic) neuroblastoma clones. Both these drugs resulted in a parallel increase of choline acetyltransferase and ATP-citrate lyase activities in S-20 neuroblastoma cells. On the other hand, the increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity in NIE-115 caused by these drugs was not accompanied by a significant change in ATP-citrate lyase activity. Both dibutyryl cyclic AMP and butyrate caused a decrease in fatty acid synthetase activity in both cell lines. The activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, choline acetyltransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase in both S-20 and NIE-115 cells were not significantly influenced by the drugs. ATP-citrate lyases from S-20 and NIE-115 had similar kinetic and immunological properties, and their subunits had the same molecular weight as the rat liver enzyme. These data indicate that the differential regulation of ATP-citrate lyase activity in cholinergic and adrenergic cells does not result from the existence of different molecular forms of the enzyme in these cell lines. They also provide further evidence to support the hypothesis that ATP-citrate lyase activity increases during maturation of normal cholinergic neurons and decreases in noncholinergic cells of the brain.     

5-HT1A Receptor Agonist Reverses Adrenalectomy-Induced Loss of Granule Neuronal Morphology in the Rat Dentate Gyrus

Adrenal steroids are important for maintaining neuronal maturation in the adult rats. Two weeks after bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX), hippocampal MAP-2 (microtubule associated protein-2) and calbindin immunoreactivity (IR) decreased in the molecular layer of the superior blade of the dentate gyrus. The molecular and granular cell layer at the lateral tip of the superior blade decreased in width by 32% and 50%, respectively. The granule neurons showed reduced staining with Nissl and an anti-calbindin antibody. These changes suggested a loss of the mature neuronal morphology. In this same localized regions, two glial proteins, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S-100 showed dramatically reduced immunoreactivity. These effects induced by ADX were reduced within 72 hrs by ipsapirone (1 mg/kg), a 5HT_1A receptor agonist. Loss of adult neuronal morphology by ADX, and reversal by the 5HT_1A agonist, may be evidence of the trophic importance of the 5HT_1A receptor in granule neurons of hippocampus.