12周高强度间歇性训练对人体肠道菌群的影响

[背景]肠道菌群和运动均与人体健康息息相关,但高强度间歇性训练对人体肠道菌群干预效果的认识还十分有限.[目的]探讨高强度间歇性训练对人体肠道菌群的影响,为全民体质健康及肠道菌群相关疾病的防治提供参考.[方法]招募68名志愿者进行每周3次、为期12周的高强度间歇性训练,运动前后分别获取新鲜粪便,利用16SrRNA基因高通...     

盐酸吗啡对大头金蝇生长发育的影响及其对死者死亡时间推断的意义

用盐酸吗啡注射家兔,处死后用家兔的不同组织饲养大头金蝇 Chrysomya megacephala初孵幼虫,研究吗啡剂量对大头金蝇幼虫生长的影响及其在法医学中推断死者死亡时间方面的应用。结果显示,在28℃下,取食处理组兔肉和肝脏的大头金蝇幼虫的体长和体重均于孵化后28 h开始在不同程度上大于对照组幼虫,这种趋势一直持续到幼虫末期。在实验的剂量范围内（2.67～10.66 mg/kg）,吗啡可促进大头金蝇幼虫的生长。根据大头金蝇幼虫体长和体重推断死者死亡时间时,吗啡的这种影响可使推断值产生的最大偏差达18h。     

An audit of cancer of unknown primary notifications: A cautionary tale for population health research using cancer registry data

Background: Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a common cancer yet little is known about the reliability of incidence data. Methods: We audited 574 CUP (C80.9) diagnoses (median age 81 years) registered by the New South Wales (NSW) Central Cancer Registry (2004–2007) in a cohort of Australian Government Department of Veterans’ Affairs clients. The registry did not clarify diagnoses with notifiers during this period due to interpretation of privacy legislation. For the audit, current registry practice was applied by seeking additional information from CUP notifiers and reclassifying diagnoses as necessary. In addition, clinicopathological characteristics were extracted from notifications. Fisher's exact test and Student's t-test were used to compare the demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of the CUP subgroups. Age/sex-standardised CUP incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, standardised to the 2001 Australian population. Results: 172 (30.0%) cases were reclassified to a known primary site, mostly cutaneous, and nine (1.6%) were found to be non-malignant diagnoses. After the audit the age/sex-standardised CUP incidence rates decreased from 26.0 (95% CI 21.2–30.8) to 15.9 (95% CI 12.5–19.3) per 100,000 person-years. Of the 393 remaining CUP cases, 202 (51%) were registered on the basis of a clinical diagnosis (46 by death certificate only) and 191 (49%) by pathological diagnosis (79 by cytology alone). Compared to cases with a pathological diagnosis, cases with a clinical diagnosis were older (85.6 vs. 82.0 years, p < 0.001), and the reported number and location of metastases differed (p < 0.001); metastatic sites were more likely to be unspecified for clinical diagnoses (36.1% vs. 4.2%). Conclusions: Cancer registry processes can markedly influence CUP incidence. Future population-based CUP research should take this into account, and consider stratification by basis of diagnosis due to differences in patient and tumour characteristics.     

不同生长环境下水稻最上节间长度QTL定位研究

利用由98 个家系组成的 Nipponbare/Kasalath//Nipponbare 回交重组自交系(backcross inbred lines, BIL)作图群体(BC1F12和BC1F13)和复合区间作图方法(CIM), 在3种不同的生长环境下对水稻最上节间长度进行了 QTL 分析。结果表明, 3种不同的生长环境共检测到 13 个 QTL , 分布于第 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11 染色体上, 解释性状变异的 3.97%～15.21%。其中qUIL-6在3种不同生长环境中均检测到, qUIL-1a, qUIL-3a, qUIL-3b和 qUIL-10a 等4个位点在两种不同生长环境中均被检测到, 说明这些 QTL 位点受环境影响较小, 表达较为稳定。     

采集到制备的不同时长对脐带血干细胞冻前质量的影响

目的:分析采集到制备不同的时长对脐带血干细胞的冻前相关质量指标的影响,为确定合适的采集到制备时长提供依据。方法:选取1712份脐带血样本,按照采集到制备的时长分为12 h组、(12-24) h组、(24-36) h组和(36-48) h组,分析脐带血干细胞冻前有核细胞数量、有核细胞活性、CD34+细胞百分比及CFU-GM集落数的变化。结果:(1)冻前有核细胞数量随着时间延长而下降,但各组冻前有核细胞数量的差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(2)各组的有核细胞活性结果比较发现,(12-24) h组和(24-36) h组的有核细胞活性差异无统计学意义(P0.05),其余各组间有核细胞活性比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);(3)CD34+细胞百分比随时间延长有微弱的升高趋势,但是差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(4)各组的CFU-GM集落数比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:随着脐带血采集到制备的时长增加,有核细胞活性会逐渐下降。脐带血采集后在36小时内制备是安全的,其干细胞的质量指标可稳定保持在较高水平,脐带血在36-48小时制备虽然质量有微弱下降,其干细胞的冻前质量也满足临床出库需求。     

华东志留纪最早期的华夏正形贝动物群及其宏演化意义

志留纪最早期的腕足动物群在文献中很少记录,与标准笔石相伴者更为稀罕。江西玉山志留系底部因发现Akidograptus ascensus带的笔石而确定该处盛产志留纪初期（鲁丹早期）、多样性较高的腕足动物群。根据组成、性质与层位,它与浙江江山、常山、淳安、余杭等7个地点的同期组合可统一命名为华夏正形贝动物群（Cathaysiorthis Fauna）。它包含了不同群集,都产自细碎屑岩（如泥岩）中,其分布主要受海水深度和距华夏古陆远近的控制。这个动物群生长在奥陶纪大灭绝后的残存期,文章探讨了它的残存特征。研究揭示,奥陶纪末大灭绝对腕足动物演化的一个实质性的贡献在于制约了奥陶纪占优势的A组（正形贝／扭月贝大类群：发育铰合面、窗齿型铰齿、正扭型主突起和简单腕器官）的繁盛态势,滋生了B组（五房贝／无洞贝大类群：发育后转面、弓齿型铰齿和复杂腕器官但缺失正扭型主突起）在志留纪的优势,造成腕足动物宏演化历程中的一次重大转折。文中提出“优势替代滞后型式（Pattern of lag of dominance replacement）”,专指A组类群的优势被B组类群替代的时间不是紧跟在奥陶纪末大灭绝之后,而是距大灭绝结束约4Ma之后。文中描记新属华夏正形贝（Cathaysiorthis gen．nov．）。     

用巨尾阿丽蝇蛹期发育形态来推断死者死亡时间

为了明确对于凶杀案件中死亡时间判断有重要意义的蝇蛹的形态随时间的变化规律,在16、20、24、28、32℃饲养了巨尾阿丽蝇并定期取样、解剖,显微镜下观察其体表形态变化。结果表明：巨尾阿丽蝇蛹壳内蛹呈现出规律性的变化,这些规律性的变化可指示出蛹的发育进程,进而可指示该昆虫在尸体上出现的时间,从而对死者的死亡时间做出判断。根据这些规律性的变化可将蛹期划分为7个阶段。不同恒温下达到以上阶段所需时间不同,高温下短而低温下长。     

不同运动方式对肥胖大鼠肝脏脂质沉积及FGF21分泌的影响*

目的: 研究持续性运动训练(CT)与高强度间歇运动训练(HIIT)对正常和肥胖大鼠血清和肝脏FGF21蛋白含量及肝脏脂肪代谢的影响。方法: 雄性SD大鼠随机分为两组:普通饲料及45%高脂饲料喂养,8周后以普通饲料喂养,大鼠体重增加20%为肥胖造模成功标准。将正常大鼠随机分为正常安静组(LC)、正常高强度间歇运动训练组(LHI)、正常持续性运动训练组(LCT),肥胖大鼠随机分为肥胖安静组(OC)、肥胖高强度间歇运动训练组(OHI)及肥胖持续性运动训练组(OCT),每组10只,运动干预组大鼠进行8周不同方式负重游泳运动训练干预,末次运动干预间隔24 h后取血液检测血清炎症因子、FGF21水平,取肝脏组织检测脂质含量、脂代谢酶含量及FGF21表达水平。结果: 与LC组比较,OC组大鼠体重、血清炎症因子、肝脏甘油三酯(TG)含量显著增高(P＜0.05),LHI组肝脏TG含量显著降低,LCT组肝脏FGF21表达水平显著增高(P＜0.05)。与OC组比较,OHI组大鼠肝脏TG含量显著降低(P＜0.05),线粒体CPT-1β、β-HAD酶含量显著升高(P＜0.05),OCT组大鼠肝脏LPL、FAT/CD36酶含量显著增高,血清、肝脏FGF21水平均显著上升(P＜0.05)。结论: 两种运动方式均能降低正常、肥胖大鼠体重及肥胖大鼠肝脏脂质沉积现象,其中HIIT上调线粒体脂肪氧化水平,显著降低正常、肥胖大鼠肝脏TG含量,而CT通过提高正常、肥胖大鼠肝脏FGF21蛋白表达及血清FGF21水平,促进肝脏摄取脂肪酸,对缓解肥胖大鼠肝脏脂质沉积效果有限。     

牛磺酸镁抗豚鼠尖端扭转型室速的作用研究

目的：研究牛磺酸镁配位化合物（TMCC）抗豚鼠心脏尖端扭转型室速（TdP）的作用。方法：取健康、体重250~300 g的成年雄性豚鼠,随机分为4组：① TdP模型组（n=7）：离体心脏以K-H灌流液灌流20 min,然后使用IKs阻滞剂10μmol/L Chromanol 293B合并低钾（钾离子浓度为1.8 mmol/L）进行灌流,建立TdP模型。②~④ TdP模型+TMCC低中高浓度组（n=6）：正常灌流稳定20 min后,在建立TdP模型的同时分别给予1、2、4 mmol/L TMCC。采用Langendorff逆行主动脉灌流法灌流豚鼠离体心脏,利用Biopac电生理记录仪采集并记录豚鼠离体心脏表面心电图。从心电图第Ⅱ导联图形获取各组豚鼠离体心脏TdP发生率、跨室壁复极离散度、QT间期不稳定性,以观察TMCC对TdP的影响。观测指标量取时间分别为：豚鼠离体心脏正常灌流20 min时、TdP发生前及给药60 min时。结果：TdP模型组的TdP发生率为6/7。1、2、4mmol/L TMCC可降低TdP发生率,三组TdP发生率分别为5/6、1/6、0/6。与给药前相比,TdP模型组中Chromanol 293 B合并低钾可使豚鼠离体心脏校正后的跨室壁复极离散度显著增大（P<0.01）;与TdP模型组相比,TdP模型+1、2、4mmol/L TMCC组可明显减弱Chromanol 293B合并低钾导致的豚鼠离体心脏校正后的跨室壁复极离散度增大（P>0.05）。与模型组相比,2、4mmol/L TMCC明显降低Chromanol 293B合并低钾导致的QT间期不稳定增大（P<0.05）。在TdP模型建立过程中,从心电图中可观察到连续多个心动周期的P波消失,而在TdP模型+TMCC组中,心电图始终拥有独立P波。结论：TMCC可通过降低离体心脏跨室壁复极离散度和QT间期不稳定性以及抑制早后除极的发生而发挥抗TdP作用,降低TdP发生率。     

Annual Reproductive Behavior of Rhinopithecus roxellana

Ren conducted year-round observations on sexual behaviors of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys in Shanghai Wild Animal Park from May 2000 to May 2001, which confirmed quantitatively that the species is a rigorous seasonal breeder with a single birth season between late March and early June. Lactation continues until the infant reaches about 1.5 years or it dies. Accordingly, the interbirth interval is ca. 18–20 mo. The results also confirm that females regulate the timing of reproduction. To avoid mating competition their conception times differ from one another, and they conceive between October and December. Three focal females maintained proceptive activities with significant durations due to their different ages and mating choice. If new babies died in the same year the mothers resumed sexual activity on different days. Apart from female peak mating times there is no significant difference among them regarding the regularity of their sexual activities. Temporal differences in birth peaks at different locations might be due to latitude.