Evaluation of Medium Components by Plackett-Burman Statistical Design for Lipase Production by Candida rugosa and Kinetic Modeling

Lipase production by Candida rugosa was carried out in submerged fermentation. Plackett-Burman statistical experimental design was applied to evaluate the fermentation medium components. The effect of twelve medium components was studied in sixteen experimental trials. Glucose, olive oil, peptone and FeCl3?6H2O were found to have more significance on lipase production by Candida rugosa. Maximum lipase activity of 3.8 u mL-1 was obtained at 50 h of fermentation period. The fermentation was carried out at optimized temperature of 30oC, initial pH of 6.8 and shaking speed of 120 r/min. Unstructured kinetic models were used to simulate the experimental data. Logistic model, Luedeking-Piret model and modified Luedeking-Piret model were found suitable to efficiently predict the cell mass, lipase production and glucose consumption respectively with high determination coefficient(R2). From the estimated values of the Luedeking-Piret kinetic model parameters, α and β, it was found that the lipase production by Candida rugosa is growth associated.     

Current research status of immunology in the genomic era

This review updates the current status of immunology research under the influence of genomics, both conceptually and technologically. It particularly highlights the advantages of employing the high-throughput and large-scale technology, the large genomic database, and bioinformatic power in the immunology research. The fast development in the fields of basic immunology, clinical immunology (tumor and infectious immunology) and vaccine designing is illustrated with respect to the successful usage of genomic strategy. We also speculate the future research directions of immunology in the era of genomics and post-genomics. Supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2006AA02A252), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.30771965) and Shanghai Pujiang Program (Grant No.07pj14066).     

基于数字高程模型的生态净化系统分析与设计

采用现场调查与系统模拟的方法,以辽东湾复合湿地生态系统为研究对象,全面分析了生态系统内各生态单元对有机污染物的净化能力,提出了复合生态系统的污染物净化量估算模型,并基于研究区的数字高程模型(DEM)信息,对整个湿地生态系统重新进行了优化设计.结果表明：各生态单元对化学需氧量(COD_Cr）、生化需氧量(BOD₅）、石油类等污染物的净化能力存在差异,导致不同组成与结构的生态系统净化负荷有所不同;系统原COD_Cr净化量为188.9 kg·d^-1、净化负荷量为2.84 g·m^-2·d^-1,而根据研究区DEM信息对系统进行优化设计后的COD_Cr净化量为313.3 kg·d^-1、净化负荷量达4.72 g·m^-2·d^-1,净化效率提高了近20%.     

“强基计划”背景下生物学实验教学改革——以“生物学综合设计”课程为例北大核心CSCD

人才培养是未来国家竞争的核心。“强基计划”是我国对基础学科拔尖创新人才培养模式的重要探索,是满足国家重大战略人才需求的重要举措。“强基计划”招收的学生,往往成绩优异、兴趣浓厚,这为相关学科的人才培养模式提出了新要求和新目标。其中,“强基计划”背景下的基础教学改革势在必行。超学科教育理念(science,technology,engineering,arts,mathematics,STEAM)作为一种跨学科的综合性教育理念,与“强基计划”的建设理念不谋而合。鉴于此,天津大学生命科学学院根据“强基计划”背景下生物学科人才培养目标,结合STEAM教育理念,以“生物学综合设计”课程为例,对生物学实验教学改革进行了探索与实践。     

经济开发区生态规划与建设研究

生态规划和建设是协调经济发展和生态环境关系,创造和谐的人工化环境的调控对策。木文研究了沈阳开发区生态规划和建设的理论、方法,着重探讨了开发区经济、环境协调发展的途径:1)选择理想的协调发展优化方案,2)控制发展热电生产,发展集中供热和低能耗高技术产业,3)节约水资源,提高水循环利用率,4)在生态学原理指导下进行生态管理。     

药用植物分子农场研究进展

植物分子农场可以利用植物生产具有药物用途的重组蛋白或者次生代谢化合物,应用广泛。随着对动植物中具有药物用途的代谢途径的深入解析,代谢途径中关键限速酶或调控蛋白的功能不断被明确,如何选择植物分子农场的底盘植物和遗传改造途径等问题,特别是如何协同提高植物制药产量与品质一直是植物分子农场体系建立中面临的关键科学问题。综述了药用的植物分子农场的最新研究进展,着重介绍了底盘植物的选择与药用植物分子农场的构建策略,以期为提高分子农场应用效果提供有力的科技支撑。     

Simulations inform design of regional occupancy‐based monitoring for a sparsely distributed,territorial species

Sparsely distributed species attract conservation concern, but insufficient information on population trends challenges conservation and funding prioritization. Occupancy‐based monitoring is attractive for these species, but appropriate sampling design and inference depend on particulars of the study system. We employed spatially explicit simulations to identify minimum levels of sampling effort for a regional occupancy monitoring study design, using white‐headed woodpeckers (Picoides albolvartus), a sparsely distributed, territorial species threatened by habitat decline and degradation, as a case study. We compared the original design with commonly proposed alternatives with varying targets of inference (i.e., species range, space use, or abundance) and spatial extent of sampling. Sampling effort needed to achieve adequate power to observe a long‐term population trend (≥80% chance to observe a 2% yearly decline over 20 years) with the previously used study design consisted of annually monitoring ≥120 transects using a single‐survey approach or ≥90 transects surveyed twice per year using a repeat‐survey approach. Designs that shifted inference toward finer‐resolution trends in abundance and extended the spatial extent of sampling by shortening transects, employing a single‐survey approach to monitoring, and incorporating a panel design (33% of units surveyed per year) improved power and reduced error in estimating abundance trends. In contrast, efforts to monitor coarse‐scale trends in species range or space use with repeat surveys provided extremely limited statistical power. Synthesis and applications. Sampling resolutions that approximate home range size, spatially extensive sampling, and designs that target inference of abundance trends rather than range dynamics are probably best suited and most feasible for broad‐scale occupancy‐based monitoring of sparsely distributed territorial animal species.     

双绕蛋白质的分类与识别

蛋白质折叠识别是蛋白质结构研究的重要内容。双绕是α/β蛋白质中结构典型的常见折叠类型。选取22个家族中序列一致性小于25%的79个典型双绕蛋白质作为训练集,以RMSD为指标进行系统聚类,并对各类建立基于结构比对的概形隐马尔科夫模型(profile-HMM)。将Astral1.65中序列一致性小于95%的9 505个样本作为检验集,整体识别敏感性为93.9%,特异性为82.1%,MCC值为0.876。结果表明:对于成员较多,无法建立统一模型的折叠类型,分类建模可以实现较高准确率的识别。     

从美国 FDA 审评角度探讨新药研发的风险控制

众所周知,新药研发是一个漫长而艰难的过程,投入大,但成功率低。从项目的选择、分子结构最优化、靶点的选择、体外实 验结果与体内反应的一致性、药物安全性、临床试验设计优化以及对新药研发相关法规的理解、与监管部门的有效沟通等诸方面,探讨 对新药研发风险的把控。     

嗜酸乳杆菌活菌制剂保护剂及其工艺的研究

为提高嗜酸乳杆菌片剂的活菌存活率,延长其有效期,在制备过程中添加两组保护剂并对其配方进行了优化.首先利用数学统计方法Plackett-Burman设计,对扩大培养时加入的8种材料及制剂压片时的12种材料的保护效果进行评价,分别筛选出影响嗜酸乳杆菌存活率的重要因素;接着用均匀设计法进一步得到这些重要因素的最适百分比.验证试验表明:扩大培养时加入氯化钠0.3％、甘露醇0.4％、麦芽糖3.5％有显著保护作用;制剂压片时加入抗坏血酸1.0％、蔗糖35.0％有显著保护作用.