Blue light effects on rose photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis

Through its impact on photosynthesis and morphogenesis, light is the environmental factor that most affects plant architecture. Using light rather than chemicals to manage plant architecture could reduce the impact on the environment. However, the understanding of how light modulates plant architecture is still poor and further research is needed. To address this question, we examined the development of two rose cultivars, Rosa hybrida‘Radrazz’ and Rosa chinensis‘Old Blush’, cultivated under two light qualities. Plants were grown from one‐node cuttings for 6 weeks under white or blue light at equal photosynthetic efficiencies. While plant development was totally inhibited in darkness, blue light could sustain full development from bud burst until flowering. Blue light reduced the net CO₂ assimilation rate of fully expanded leaves in both cultivars, despite increasing stomatal conductance and intercellular CO₂ concentrations. In ‘Radrazz’, the reduction in CO₂ assimilation under blue light was related to a decrease in photosynthetic pigment content, while in both cultivars, the chl a/b ratio increased. Surprisingly, blue light could induce the same organogenetic activity of the shoot apical meristem, growth of the metamers and flower development as white light. The normal development of rose plants under blue light reveals the strong adaptive properties of rose plants to their light environment. It also indicates that photomorphogenetic processes can all be triggered by blue wavelengths and that despite a lower assimilation rate, blue light can provide sufficient energy via photosynthesis to sustain normal growth and development in roses.     

新疆东天山地区宽刺蔷薇居群表型多样性分析

对新疆东天山地区6个宽刺蔷薇（Rosa platyacantha）居群进行叶片、花序、果实、种子等11个表型性状的遗传多样性分析,结果表明：宽刺蔷薇各表型性状无论在居群间还是在居群内均表现出显著或极显著差异,存在丰富的表型多样性。6个居群11个性状的平均表型分化系数为27.50%,表明居群内多样性较居群间多样性更为丰富。各表型性状平均变异系数为16.51%,离散程度相对较低。对表型性状进行的变异系数多重比较和主成分分析均显示,果实相关性状的变异是造成宽刺蔷薇表型变异的主要来源。性状相关性分析进一步发现,生殖生长与前期的营养生长并无明显相关关系。聚类分析结果表明,6个宽刺蔷薇居群的表型性状并没有严格依地理距离聚类,而是受到遗传因素与环境条件特别是海拔因子的共同影响。     

金樱子多糖的分离纯化及组成分析

对金樱子多糖的分离纯化方法作了探讨,筛选出较佳的工艺条件,通过紫外分光光度法,红外光谱以及气相色谱法分别对金樱子多糖纯品LP2的纯度,分子构型,单糖组成进行了分析;并通过了DEAE-纤维素（氯型）柱层析得一葡聚糖。     

月季切花衰老过程中多胺与乙烯的关系

月季切花瓶插过程中,内源腐胺在前2天略有增加,内源亚精胺、精胺、多胺总量则呈下降趋势,乙烯释放速率在第3天达到最高峰;多胺抑制剂甲基乙醛-双咪腙处理抑制了亚精胺、精胺的合成,增加了乙烯的释放速率;乙烯抑制剂氨氧乙酸处理推迟腐胺高峰的到来,降低了乙烯的释放速率,而且在瓶插期的前2天内源亚精胺、精胺含量较高。结果表明,具乙烯跃变型特征的月季切花衰老过程中,多胺与乙烯在其生物合成过程中相互竞争S-腺苷甲硫氨酸作为其合成的前体。     

月季花瓣数量遗传分析

以‘窄叶藤本月季花’( Rosa chinensis ‘Zhaiye Tengben Yuejihua’)ב月月粉’( R. chinensis ‘Old Blush’)杂交群体为材料, 分析其花瓣数量的分离特点, 对单瓣花与重瓣花的花芽分化过程进行观察, 并对花瓣、雄蕊及瓣化雄蕊进行表皮细胞超微结构的观察.结果显示...     

云南悬钩子蔷薇NBS-LRR类抗病基因同源克隆与分析

为研究云南野生蔷薇属中的NBS类抗病基因,根据已知抗病基因NBSLRR序列中的保守区域设计简并引物,利用RTPCR技术从云南悬钩子蔷薇中进行体外扩增,获得了对应区域的cDNA片段,回收、克隆这些特异片段,测序分析,共得到4个含有NBSLRR保守结构域的抗病基因同源序列（RGAs）,分别命名为AC9、AC39、AC50和AC68。它们与已报道的11个NBS类抗病基因相应区段的氨基酸序列相似性为5.4%~79.2%,其中这4个RGAs片段与Mi、RPS2、Pib和RPM1基因聚为一类。表明这4条RGAs序列可进一步用作悬钩子蔷薇抗病候选基因的分子筛选及遗传图谱的构建。     

‘香槟’月季的组织培养和试管开花诱导

本文对‘香槟’月季（80sachinensis‘Xiangbin’）的组织培养技术和诱导试管开花进行了研究。结果表明：以茎段为外植体能诱导获得无菌苗,适宜的启动培养基为MS＋6-BA1．0mg-L-1＋IBA0．1mg·L-1,幼芽继代增殖的最佳培养基是MS＋6．BA1．0mg·L-1。＋IBA0．1～0．2mg·L-1,诱导生根的适宜培养基为1／2MS＋NAA0．3mg·L-1,生根率达80．0％。诱导试管开花的适宜培养基为MS＋6．BA0．5mg·L-1＋NAA0．1mg·L-1最适宜的诱导试管开花的蔗糖含量是30g·L-1;在三角瓶中培养,试管花可以正常开放,在培养瓶中培养花芽不能正常开放;MS培养基中增加2倍磷的含量,可以提高花芽诱导率,为25．O％;诱导试管开花的最适培养条件为温度21℃,光照强度80～100μmol·m-2．s-1,光照时间16h—d-1。     

供磷水平对刺梨幼苗生长和养分含量及其相关生理指标的影响

为了探析磷对刺梨(Rosa roxburghii Tratt.)幼苗生长、养分含量及其相关生理的影响,揭示刺梨适应低磷胁迫的生理机制,该研究采用石英砂和蛭石混合基质培育的方法,分析不同供磷水平对刺梨幼苗生长和根系形态特征、根和叶中的酸性磷酸酶(APase)、硝酸还原酶(NR)和根中的分泌性磷酸酶活性(SAPase)、根中小分子有机酸组分及含量和植株中营养元素含量的影响。结果表明:(1)供磷水平高于或低于45mg·L-1均会抑制刺梨幼苗的生长,明显降低刺梨幼苗生物量和根总长度、总表面积、总体积、平均直径以及总根尖数;在5mg·L-1的低磷水平下,刺梨幼苗的根冠比值、根毛长度和密度最大,随着供磷水平的增加这3个指标明显降低。(2)根和叶片的APase及根的SAPase活性随供磷水平的增大而减弱,根和叶片中NR活性均于45mg·L-1供磷水平时最高,小于或大于45mg·L-1磷水平后NR活性明显减弱;根中的草酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、乙酸和琥珀酸的含量均随着供磷水平的增大而降低。(3)刺梨幼苗中P、Ca和Mg含量均随着供磷水平的提高而增大,Zn含量随供磷水平的增大而减小;在45mg·L-1供磷水平下刺梨幼苗中的N、P、K、Mn、Cu、B含量最高,降低或提高供磷水平后这些元素的含量都明显降低。研究认为,供磷水平过低或过高对刺梨幼苗的生长和营养元素吸收均有不利影响;根毛长度和密度的增大、叶片和根中APase及根中SAPase的活性增强、根中小分子有机酸含量的增加是刺梨幼苗应对低磷胁迫采取的重要适应策略。     

Group versus population level demographics: An analysis of comparability using long term data on wild white‐faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus imitator)

Primates have long been used as indicator species for assessing overall ecosystem health. However, area‐wide census methods are time consuming, costly, and not always feasible under many field conditions. Therefore, it is important to establish whether monitoring a subset of a population accurately reflects demographic changes occurring in the population at large. Over the past 35 years, we have conducted 15 area‐wide censuses in Sector Santa Rosa, Costa Rica. These efforts have revealed important trends in population growth patterns of capuchin monkeys following the protection and subsequent regeneration of native forests. During this same period, we have also intensively studied a subset of the capuchin groups. Comparing these two datasets, we investigate whether the population structures of the closely monitored groups are reliable indicators of area‐wide demographic patterns. We compare the overall group size and the individual age/sex class compositions of study groups and nonstudy groups (i.e., those contacted during area‐wide censuses only). Our study groups contained more individuals overall with a larger proportion of infants, and there were indications that the proportion of adult and subadult males was lower. These differences can be ascribed either to sampling errors or real differences attributable to human presence and/or better habitat quality for the study groups. No other sex/age classes differed, and major demographic changes were simultaneously evident in both study and nonstudy groups. This study suggests that the Santa Rosa capuchin population is similarly impacted by large‐scale ecological patterns observable within our study groups.