Hydrogen peroxide formation in cultured rose cells in response to UV-C radiation

Suspension-cultured rose ( Rosa damascena Mill. cv. Gloire de Guilan) cells irradiated with UV-C (254 nm. 558 J m⁻²) showed a transient production of H₂O₂ as measured by chemiluminescence of luminol in the presence of peroxidase (EC 1.1 1.1.7). The peak concentration of H₂O₂, which occurred at about 60–90 min after irradiation, was 8–9 μ M . The time course for the appearance of H₂O₂ matched that for UV–induced K⁺ efflux. Treatments that inhibited the UV-induced efflux of K⁺, including heat and overnight incubation with cycloheximide and diethylmaleate, also inhibited the appearance of H₂O₂. The converse was not always true, since catalase (EC 1.11.1.6. and salicylhydroxamic acid, which inhibited luminescence, did not stop K⁺ efflux. We conclude that H₂O₂ synthesis depends on K⁺ efflux. Because H₂.O₂ in the extracellular space is required for lignin synthesis in many plant tissues, we suggest that the UV–stimulated production of H₂O₂ is an integral part of a defensive lignin synthesis.     

广东蔷薇一新变型

<正> 本变型与原变型区别为:花粉红色。 浙江:开化县,古田山,海拔850米,生于灌丛中,1990年5月31日,徐耀良和陈新义0814(模式标本存浙江自然博物馆标本室)。     

Nitrate reductase activity in Paul's scarlet rose suspension cultures and the differential role of nitrate and molybdenum in induction

Induction of nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1) activity was measured in Paul's Scarlet rose cell suspensions cultured in media containing nitrate (NO ₃ ^- ) or urea (U) as nitrogen source, and with (+Mo) or without molybdenum (-Mo). There was a lag of 30 min during induction by NO ₃ ^- in +Mo cultures but no lag occurred during induction after adding Mo to NO ₃ ^- -Mo or to U-Mo cultures preincubated with NO ₃ ^- . Actinomycin D, cycloheximide, and puromycin completely blocked induction by NO ₃ ^- , but had no effect on the initial rate of induction by Mo. Cycloheximide and puromycin blocked induction by NO ₃ ^- more quickly than actinomycin D. Induction by NO ₃ ^- appeared to involve mRNA-dependent synthesis of apoprotein followed by rapid activation with molybdenum in intact cells independently of protein synthesis. Nitrate-induced apoprotein appeared less stable than the holoenzyme. When induced by NO ₃ ^- in the absence of Mo, apoprotein concentration was about half the amount of maximally induced nitrate reductase. Cycloheximide stabilised preformed nitrate reductase which disappeared steadily in the presence of puromycin. Apoprotein was not stabilised by either antimetabolite.Abbreviations Mo molybdenum - NO ₃ ^- +Mo standard, MX₁ culture medium - NO ₃ ^- -Mo MX₁ medium purified of Mo - NR nitrate reductase - PSR Paul's Scarlet rose - U urea - U+Mo MX₁ medium with NO ₃ ^- replaced by urea - U-Mo MX₁ medium with NO ₃ ^- replaced by urea and also purified of Mo     

黄蔷薇花精油化学成分的研究

采用气相色谱─质谱联用的方法,分析测定了黄蔷薇花精油的化学成分,从中分离到４５种成分,鉴定出４０种,其含量占精油总量的９２．７４％,主要的香气成分是１,８─桉油醇（１９．９４％）,苎烯（１３．４０％）,△─３─蒈烯（５．１０％）,月桂烯（３．６０％）,α─萜品醇（２．４９％）,莰烯（２．１６％）,芳樟醇（１．１５％）,β－罗勒烯─ｙ（０．８６％）,丁香酚（０．８２％）和香叶醇。     

金线莲生物学特性及生境特点的研究

作者对福建野生金线莲资源进行调查和多点人工栽培试验观察,摸清了其分布、种类,阐述了野生金线莲生长发育习性及其所需的环境条件,为人工栽培提供了科学依据。     

金线莲若干栽培技术研究

从金线莲生长所要求的生态环境、营养基质、光照强度、种植时期、种植密度及收获期等方面,对其人工栽培技术进行了探讨,提出一些具体的栽培措施,并对存在的若干问题进行了讨论。     

Intraspecific competition as a selective pressure on the choice of oviposition site in a phytophagous insect

Our aim was to clarify the factors providing selective pressures on the choice of oviposition sites in phytophagous insects. To this end, we examined the spatial distribution of eggs of the sawfly leaf miner, Profenusa japonica . The study was conducted over five consecutive years on three subpopulations found in riverbeds in central Japan. Profenusa japonica lays eggs on leaflets of Rosa multiflora , and its larvae mine a single leaflet for the entire larval stage. The egg distribution among leaflets was uniform (regular) at all sites examined in each year. The distribution within leaflets was also uniform, and it appeared that females avoided ovipositing on areas of the leaf that already contained eggs. Few parasitoids were found in eggs or larval stages, despite intensive examination. Larval mortality increased, mainly as a result of exploitative competition, when there were two or three larvae per leaflet. Starvation caused by resource competition for leaflet tissues was an important mortality factor. Therefore, we suggest that P. japonica females avoided ovipositing on areas of the leaflet that already contained eggs to prevent exploitative competition among larvae sharing the same leaflet.  © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 92 , 641–650.     

The ellagitannin trimer rugosin G inhibits recombinant human histidine decarboxylase

Rugosin G, an ellagitannin trimer, was isolated from the water-soluble fraction of red rose petals, and its inhibitory activity against recombinant human histidine decarboxylase was investigated. Rugosin G showed potent inhibition compared to ellagitannin monomers and a dimer with macrocyclic structure (oenothein B), suggesting the potent inhibition of rugosin G was attributed to its linear oligomeric conformation.

Abbreviations: HDC, histidine decarboxylase; Me₂CO, acetone; EtOAc, ethyl acetate     

秋水仙素诱导月季品种‘月月粉’2n花粉的研究

为获得二倍体古老月季品种‘月月粉’人工诱导2n花粉用于现代月季杂交育种,该研究在了解‘月月粉’花粉母细胞发育过程的基础上,使用秋水仙素注射结合包裹法处理幼嫩花蕾,成功获得了可正常萌发的2n花粉,并通过观察诱导获得的花粉离体及其在雌蕊上的萌发特征,初步评估2n花粉用于杂交育种的性能。结果表明:(1)秋水仙素药棉包裹造成部分花蕾在采粉前死亡,花蕾存活率随秋水仙素浓度提高和处理时间延长均极显著降低。(2)2n花粉诱导率在秋水仙素浓度为2.5、5.0、7.5和10.0 g/L间存在显著差异,但在处理时间为24、48和72 h间无显著差异;最佳诱导处理为5.0 g/L秋水仙素处理24 h,诱导率可达15.83%,该处理获得的2n花粉经亚历山大染色检验活力为27.2%。(3)‘月月粉’花粉母细胞在减数分裂时存在异常落后染色体和平行纺锤体,在四分体时期形成染色体数目加倍的二分体和三分体,最终产生2n花粉。(4)所诱导的2n花粉的体外萌发率和花粉管长度与天然花粉无显著差异,且都可以在母本柱头上萌发并长出花粉管进入子房,表明可用于进一步的杂交育种。     

民族药刺梨根茎化学成分及其抗炎活性研究

民族药刺梨根茎在贵州少数民族地区有着广泛的应用,为验证其化学成分的抗炎活性,该文以民族药新鲜刺梨根茎为原料,采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱等方法对其根茎的化学成分进行分离纯化,通过理化性质和NMR等波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构; 采用脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7作为炎症模型,考察刺梨根茎化学成分对巨噬细胞经LPS刺激后产生的NO炎症因子的影响,评价其抗炎活性。结果表明:(1)从刺梨根茎乙醇提取物中共分离获得15个化合物,结构分别鉴定为刺梨苷(1)、野蔷薇苷(2)、蔷薇酸(3)、β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-2a-O-β-L-arabinopyranosyl-(2b→1c)-2b-O-β-L-arabinopyranosyl-(2c→1d)-2c-O-β-L-arabinopyranosyl-(2d→1e)-2d-O-β-L-arabinopyranosyl-(2e→1f)-2e-O-β-L-arabinopyranoside(4)、儿茶素(5)、3-O-methylellagic acid-4''-O-β-D-xylopyranoside(6)、3-O-methylellagic acid-4''-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(7)、委陵菜酸(8)、桦木酸(9)、spinosic acid(10)、arjunic acid(11)、 β-谷甾醇(12)、β-胡萝卜苷(13)、α-tocopherol(14)、正二十六烷(15)。其中化合物4、6、7首次从该植物中分离得到。(2)对其中的化合物1-7进行体外抗炎活性实验,结果发现化合物1-7对LPS诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7释放的NO均有明显抑制作用,且呈剂量依赖关系; 化合物1-7在抗炎作用上表现出较好活性,其IC₅₀值分别为25.07、24.56、17.65、9.87、16.67、40.83、34.98 μmol·L^-1(阳性对照地塞米松为22.46 μmol·L^-1 ),其中化合物3、4、5的活性优于地塞米松。该研究结果阐明了刺梨根茎中的三萜类、鞣花酸类、黄酮类和寡糖类化合物是其抗炎作用的主要有效成分,并验证了刺梨根茎的民间抗炎功效。