金线莲快速繁殖及促根壮苗试验

以金线莲(Anoectochilus roxburghii)试管苗带节茎段和顶芽为外植体,用正交试验筛选芽快速增殖的培养基配方,并研究生根粉(ABT)对促根壮苗的作用。结果表明,丛生芽增殖最佳配方为MS+BA 3.5mg/L+KT 1.5mg/L+NAA 0.6mg/L,两个月增殖倍数达3.5;3mg/L 3号生根粉对金线莲生根壮苗效果最佳,使植株生根条数、最长根、植株增高和增叶数分别比对照增加12.8%、34.1%、13.2%和22.4%,从而提高移栽成活率,3种不同基质均达到94%以上。     

Characterization of Reactions to Powdery Mildew (Podosphaera pannosa) in Resistant and Susceptible Rose Genotypes

Fungal development of powdery mildew Podosphaera pannosa (Wallr.: Fr.) de Bary on rose leaves depends on constitutive or induced resistance mechanisms present in attacked rose genotypes. The relationship between fungal development and plant resistance was investigated microscopically on young greenhouse leaves of four rose genotypes with different levels of resistance: Rosa wichuraiana, R. laevigata anemoides and R. hybrida cultivars ‘Excelsa’ and ‘Gomery’. Induced plant reactions, hydrogen peroxide production and cross sections through infected leaves were examined. The variation in development of the fungus on these rose genotypes depended on the relative presence of normal haustoria, abnormal haustoria, induced cell reactions, papilla formation or physical barriers. Formation of papillae could arrest up to one third of the successful penetrations. Papillae formation was often succeeded by total cell reaction. Abnormal haustoria were detected as rudimentary haustoria, haustoria with abnormal shape or haustoria without extra haustorial matrix. Post‐haustorial cell reactions, with and without cell collapse, were detected. In non‐collapsed cells, appositions were directed to both cell wall and haustorium. This was followed by accumulation of non‐identified, probably antifungal compounds. Both single and multicell reactions occurred. Hydrogen peroxide was detected during papilla formation and induced cell reactions.     

遮荫对不同色系月季发育过程中花色变化的影响

该研究分别以蓝紫、红、黄色系月季品种‘微蓝’、‘梅朗口红’和‘朝圣者’为材料,将其置于正常光照(CK)、遮光25%(S_Ⅰ)和遮光50%(S_Ⅱ) 条件下培养,测量花瓣6个发育阶段的CIE值、pH值以及总类黄酮、总花青苷含量,并分析了各品种不同遮荫处理下测定参数间的相关性,探讨遮荫对不同色系月季发育过程中花色变化的影响。结果表明：(1)遮荫处理会导致‘微蓝’花瓣着色变浅、亮度增加,S_Ⅱ处理下花瓣的蓝度积累最多,适当遮荫以利于其花瓣显蓝;‘朝圣者’在S_Ⅰ处理下花瓣颜色稳定,且色度积累与CK相似,S_Ⅱ条件下花瓣颜色波动较大,但在盛花期饱和度最高;S_Ⅰ处理下对‘梅朗口红’花瓣颜色影响较小,S_Ⅱ处理下花瓣红度减少、黄度增加,且色彩波动较大,大量遮荫会导致‘梅朗口红’花瓣红色变浅、花瓣泛黄。(2)遮荫可以通过影响‘微蓝’花瓣pH值,进而影响其花色苷稳定性,最后在花色苷和pH的协调作用下,使其花瓣显蓝紫色;适当遮荫提高了‘梅朗口红’花瓣pH与色彩间的相关性,同时花青苷积累量减少、类黄酮增多,导致花瓣红色变浅、泛黄;遮荫会引起‘朝圣者’花瓣pH与类黄酮的协同作用,进而使其黄色和彩度加深。研究发现,遮荫对不同色系月季发育过程中花色变化的影响存在显著差异,遮荫50%提高了蓝紫色和黄色品种月季的观赏性,但降低了红色月季的观赏性;遮荫25%对3个品种月季观赏性的影响较小。     

The Development of Activity of Cell Wall Bound β-Fructofuranosidase with Ripening and Senescence of Tomato Fruit

Optically active trisubstituted and tetrasubstituted cyclopentanes, with proper functional groups of proper stereochemistry as precursors for chiral synthesis of brefeldin A and prostaglandins, were prepared stereoselectively from carbohydrate.     

西南地区野生刺梨的遗传多样性和遗传结构研究

为了探究西南地区野生刺梨(Rosa roxburghii)的遗传多样性和起源演化,该研究基于2段单拷贝核基因(GAPDH和ncpGS)和3段叶绿体基因(atpF-trnH、trnL-trnF和trnG-trnS)的拼接序列,对刺梨27个野生居群共320个个体进行PCR扩增和测序,并用相关软件对测序结果进行分析。结果表明:(1)在单拷贝核基因和叶绿体基因水平上刺梨均表现出较低的遗传多样性(scnDNA: Hd=0.469 2, π=0.000 49; cpDNA: Hd=0.653 4, π=0.000 65),并且不同居群间存在较大差异。(2)分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果均显示,遗传变异主要发生在居群内,表明居群内的变异是野生刺梨遗传变异的主要来源,居群间存在明显的遗传分化( cpDNA:F_ST=0.336 47,G_ST=0.273,N_ST= 0.308; scnDNA:F_ST=0.094 87,N_ST=0.076,G_ST=0.056),刺梨的分布不具有明显的谱系地理结构(P>0.05)。(3)中性检验 Tajima''s D值均为不显著负值,符合中性进化模型。Fu''s Fs值均为显著负值,结合失配分析曲线,推测刺梨种群在小范围内经历过扩张,但总体上维持稳定状态。(4)根据单倍型多样性得出,毕节地区的居群遗传多样性水平较高并且拥有丰富的单倍型,推测可能为冰期避难所,因此应对其实施就地保护。对于拥有特殊性状和特有单倍型的居群也应采取优先保护措施。该文为野生刺梨资源保护和遗传育种提供了一定的参考价值。     

金线莲组织培养中若干因素的研究

研究了影响金钱莲组培芽的增殖和营养器官分化的几个因素。结果表明:植物细胞分裂素及生长素的种类、浓度和配比对瓶苗茎发育有很大影响,在增殖期使用浓度为1.0mg/L BA、0.5mg/L IBA,器官分化生长期使用浓度为增殖期激素量的三分之一;瓶移植量10～15株;光照量显著影响植株生长期叶片生长,500lx较合适;活性炭明显提高诱导根的生长质量,添加浓度0.5％效果最好。     

Shorea roxburghii Leaf Extract Ameliorates Hyperglycemia Induced Abnormalities in High Fat/Fructose and Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

This study investigated the hypoglycemic effect of the methanol extract of Shorea roxburghii leaves (SRL) in high fat diet/high fructose solution (HFDHF) and streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rats as well as evaluating its ameliorative potentials in altered biochemical and hematological parameters in the treated rats. T2DM was induced in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats by feeding with HFDHF for 4 weeks and administering STZ (35 mg/kg, i. p.). Diabetic rats were given SRL extract at doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg for 30 days. The food and water intake were monitored on a daily basis, while the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and body weight were measured weekly. Biochemical and hematological parameters as well as histopathological studies of the pancreas were also evaluated. SRL significantly decreased FBG and improved the body weight, food and water intake of treated diabetic rats. Furthermore, biochemical and hematological parameters including liver and kidney function enzymes, lipid profiles, white blood and red blood cells parameters were markedly ameliorated by SRL. Histopathological analyses of the pancreas indicated reconstitution of β‐cells architecture in SRL treated rats. The results of this study suggest that SRL has antidiabetic potential and can be considered for the treatment of T2DM.     

野生玫瑰种群表型变异

在野生玫瑰(Rosa rugosa)自然分布区内选取5个代表种群,选择24个表型性状作为研究对象,运用方差分析、多重比较、主成分分析、相关分析、聚类分析等方法,得出野生玫瑰种群表型变异程度和变异规律。结果显示:(1)24个表型性状在种群间和种群内均存在极显著差异,变异非常丰富;种群内变异(0.2718)大于种群间变异(0.1679),种群内变异是表型变异的主要来源,种群间平均表型分化系数(VST)为0.2952,分化水平相对较大;表型性状平均变异系数(CV)为18.48%(6.67—26.79%),叶片、果实、花、种子的变异系数依次为21.40%、17.42%、12.54%、6.67%;主成分分析表明叶片、果实的表型变异对种群变异起主要的贡献作用。(2)托叶长与年平均气温、7月平均气温呈显著正相关,与经、纬度呈显著负相关;果实横径与年降水量呈显著正相关;千粒重与经、纬度呈显著正相关,与7月平均气温呈显著负相关。(3)利用欧氏距离进行系统聚类分析,可以将5个种群划分为3类,表型性状主要依地理位置聚类。     

Conditional expression of Lodavin, an avidin-tagged LDL receptor, for biotin-mediated applications in vivo

Lodavin represents an engineered fusion protein that consists of a cytoplasmic and a transmembrane domain of the human low‐density lipoprotein receptor coupled to an extracellular avidin monomer. Biotinylated compounds have been successfully targeted to Lodavin‐expressing cells that have been transduced by a Lodavin‐containing virus, and the targeting is based on the high affinity between biotin and avidin. We engineered a Rosa26 (R26R) knock‐in Lodavin mouse to develop biotin‐based applications such as targeted drug delivery, cell purification, and tissue imaging in vivo. A cDNA encoding Lodavin was inserted downstream of a floxed βgeo resistance gene in the R26R locus in embryonic stem cells, and a germ line‐derived R26RLodavin mouse line was generated. Efficient removal of the floxed βgeo cassette and conditional activation of Lodavin expression was achieved as a result of crossing the R26RLodavin mice with HoxB7‐Cre, Wnt4‐Cre, or Tie1‐Cre mice. In summary, the R26RLodavin mouse line may provide a useful tool for testing and developing applications with the aid of avidin and biotin interaction. genesis 50:693–699, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.