Seed germination in Chenopodium album L.: further evidence for the dependence of the effects of growth regulators on nitrate availability

Abstract Chenopodium album L. plants, grown under controlled environmental conditions on different levels of soil nitrate, produced seeds with proportionately different NO^?₃ contents. Regardless of the endogenous NO^?₃ content, few seeds germinated in water or upon treatment with KNO₃. Ethylene promoted germination, and the extent of germination was positively correlated with the endogenous seed NO^?₃ content. Combined application of ethylene and KNO₃ in the dark had a synergistic effect on NO^?₃ -deficient seed. The synergism between ethylene and KNO₃ was attributable to the NO^?₃ moiety of the nitrate salt. Ethylene and light showed moderate synergism in seeds with low or high endogenous nitrate. Addition of nitrate, however, masked the interaction between ethylene and light. Gibberellic acid₄₊₇ (GA₄₊₇) or red light, each alone or combined with KNO₃, had little effect on germination. When applied together in the dark, ethylene and GA₄₊₇ synergistically enhanced the germination of NO^?₃-deficient seed. The combined effects of the two hormones on this seed were further enhanced by the addition of KNO₃. There was no synergism between ethylene and GA₄₊₇ in NO^?₃-rich seed. These interactions among GA₄₊₇, ethylene and KNO₃ were not affected by light. The results confirm and further elaborate our earlier finding that the sensitivity of C. album seeds to ethylene may depend on nitrate availability.     

乙烯与水浮莲(Pistia stratiotes)种子需光性休眠的关系

水浮莲种子是一种奇特的需光种子。在黑暗中,GA_2或BA均不能代替光照诱导萌发,可是0.1μl/l乙烯却能引起部分种子萌发,在1000μ1/1乙烯的作用下,发芽率可达80％,接近全光照处理的萌发水平(91％发芽率)。ACC也能诱导水浮莲种子的萌发,0.1 mM浓度可获30％发芽率。在较短光照下,ACC对种子萌发有增效作用。在光照前应用ACC,其诱导效应大于两者同时施用。在照光萌发中,种子的内源ACC含量及乙烯释放量均显著增加。CoCl_2和AOA均能抑制光的诱导萌发。推论光打破休眠诱导萌发的作用是与乙烯的生成密切相关。     

菠萝叶膜脂脂肪酸组成的温度效应及其与抗寒性的关系

生长在不同季节的菠萝叶膜脂脂肪酸的配比存在着明显差异;随着大气温度的下降,18:1含量显著减少,18:2和18:3含量增加。不同品种均表现出一致的变化趋势。致害低温破坏了膜脂,使较不抗寒品种的16:0含量增加,18:2和18:3含量减少;较抗寒品种这种变化则较不显著。适当低温锻炼能改变膜脂脂肪酸的代谢过程,16:0和18:1含量减少,18:3含量增加。当处于更低温度时,除了16:0和18:1继续减少外,有一部分18:2也脱饱和而转变为18:3。因之明显地增加了膜脂中18:3的含量和脂肪酸的不饱和度,从而有利于抗寒性的提高。而品种间的抗寒性差异亦是在此低温期间表现出来。     

辣椒四个品种的核型研究

本文对我国栽培辣椒Capsicum annuum L.的四个品种即汉川椒、华椒一号、牛角椒和二金条进行了核型分析,其染色体数目均为2n=2x=24,核型公式均为2n=24=20m+2sm+2st,但汉川椒和华椒一号具一对随体,牛角椒和二金条具两对随体。本文还对它们的进化关系进行了讨论。     

沙田柚染色体组型及Giemsa带型分析

本文以沙田柚为材料,对其染色体组型及带型进行了观察分析。组型分析:染色体数目2n=18,根据染色体的相对长度分成大小染色体两种类型,前者包括1、2、3、4和5对,后者为6、7、8和9对,根据臂比,9对染色体能够被分成中部着丝点和近中着丝点染色体两种类型。即第5、7,9对为亚中部着丝点,其余为中部着丝点,第6对染色体上有随体;Giemsa带型:除第二对染色体只显中间带外,其余都显着丝点带,并在3、4、8对染色体短臂上和2、3、1对染色体长臂上均显端带,第2、3,6对同源染色体之间的C带显示杂合性。     

我国某些蔷薇属花卉的核型研究

本文报道了我国产的5种和14个品种的蔷薇属花卉的染色体数目和核型,结果如下:小花型为二倍体,2n=2x=14,少数为混倍体;中花型为三倍体,2n=3x=21;大花型为四倍体,2n=4x=28。大部分种的核型均由其中部和近中部着丝点染色体组成,少数种具近端着丝点染色体。它们可以区分为3种核型类型,即1A、2A和1B。     

辣椒四个品种的核型研究

本文对我国栽培辣椒Capsicum annuum L.的四个品种即汉川椒、华椒一号、牛角椒和二金条进行了核型分析,其染色体数目均为2n=2x=24,核型公式均为2n=24=20m+2sm+2st,但汉川椒和华椒一号具一对随体,牛角椒和二金条具两对随体。本文还对它们的进化关系进行了讨论。