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21.
Effects of temperature on phyllody expression and cytokinin content in floral organs of rose flowers
Formation of leaf-like organs known as phylloids in Rosahybrida cv. Motrea flowers was promoted by exposure of plants toelevated temperatures. At a day/night temperature regime of26°C/21°C respectively theproportion of malformed flowers exhibiting phyllody was four times higher thanthat in flowers of plants grown at21°C/15°C. The number ofpetals in phyllody-expressing flowers was higher than that in normal flowers.The total content of endogenous cytokinins in young flower buds of plantsexposed to the lower temperature was six times higher than that at the highertemperatures. The effects of the reduced temperature were pronounced on all thegroups of cytokinins examined. However, the proportion of the various cytokiningroups remained similar at both temperature regimes. In contrast to thecytokinins in the flower buds, the content of all cytokinin types in youngleaves increased following exposure to the higher temperature and was reducedbythe lower temperatures. After 11 weeks at the lower temperature, about18% of the flowers remained malformed, whereas at the higher temperatureabout 20% of the flowers still remained normal. All thephyllody-exhibiting flowers were formed on vigorously grown basal shootscharacteristic to Rosa hybrida plants, whereas the normalflowers at the elevated temperatures were formed on lateral shoots which weremost distal to the plant base. However, irrespective of the season, thepresenceof normal and malformed flowers was observed on plants kept growing at standardconditions of 30°C/17°C inthegreenhouse. This phenomenon led us to examine the cytokinins in floral organsofnormal and malformed cv. Motrea flowers grown in the greenhouse as well as inflowers of a complete rose mutant known as a 'Green Rose(Rosa chinensis viridiflora). The highest content ofcytokinins was found in the pistils and stamens of normal 'Motreaflowers. On the other hand, the content of cytokinins in leaf-like style-tubesin the malformed flowers as well as in partially malformed ovaries at the baseof phylloids was significantly lower. A low content of cytokinins was alsopresent in petals of both normal and phyllody-exhibiting flowers and the lowestcontent has been found in the phylloids of the 'Green Rose. Apossibility of mutant deviations in metabolism of cytokinins in rose plants isdiscussed. 相似文献
22.
Crespel L Gudin S Meynet J Zhang D 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2002,104(2-3):451-456
Two dihaploid Rosa hybrida L. genotypes, derived through parthenogenesis by using irradiated pollen, were crossed with clonally propagated plants of
the diploid species Rosa rugosa Thunb. and Rosa wichuraiana Crép., respectively. Three progeny groups were obtained which contained numerous polyploids, as determined by flow cytometry.
Production of fertile 2n female gametes is apparently very common in one of these R. hybrida dihaploid derivatives, whereas the other one is able to produce fertile 2n pollen. Hence, an amplified fragment length polymorphism
(AFLP) study was performed on the parental plants and the resulting hybrid offspring in order to estimate (1) the respective
genomic parental contributions, and (2) the level of heterozygosity transmitted by the 2n unreduced gametes. Comparison of
the levels of transmitted parental heterozygosity revealed that two types of 2n gametes were produced simultaneously, presumably
resulting from restitution at the first and at the second meiotic division, respectively.
Received: 15 February 2001 / Accepted: 22 May 2001 相似文献
23.
Gas exchange and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence were measured on young mature leaves of rose plants (Rosa hybrida cvs. First Red and Twingo) grown in two near-to-tight greenhouses, one under control ambient CO2 concentration, AC (355 µmol mol–1) and one under CO2 enrichment, EC (700 µmol mol–1), during four flushes from late June to early November. Supply of water and mineral elements was non-limiting while temperature was allowed to rise freely during daytime. Leaf diffusive conductance was not significantly reduced at EC but net photosynthetic rate increased by more than 100 %. Although the concentration of total non-structural saccharides was substantially higher in the leaves from the greenhouse with EC, PS2 (quantum efficiency of radiation use) around noon was not significantly reduced at EC indicating that there was no down-regulation of electron transport. Moreover, CO2 enrichment did not cause any increase in the risk of photo-damage, as estimated by the 1 – qP parameter. Non-photochemical quenching was even higher in the greenhouse with EC during the two summer flushes, when temperature and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) were the highest. Hence rose photosynthesis benefits strongly from high concentrations of atmospheric CO2 at both high and moderate temperatures and PPFD. 相似文献
24.
Summary An NADH-specific oxidation reduction enzyme has been partially purified from rose cell microsomes by aqueous two-phase partitioning, ultracentrifugation, and ion-exchange chromatography, on the basis of the enzyme's ability to activate lucigenin chemiluminescence in the presence of NADH. The enzyme showed strong similarity to a plasma membrane NADH oxidase (superoxide synthase as assayed by lucigenin chemiluminescence; T. M. Murphy and C.-K. Auh, Plant Physiol. 110: 621–629, 1996) in its response to substrate, to Triton X-100, and to diphenylene iodonium, an inhibitor of mammalian neutrophil NADPH oxidase and other flavoenzymes. However, its fluorescence spectrum was not characteristic of flavins and instead was similar to that of pterins. Thus inhibition of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by diphenylene iodonium does not necessarily imply that the reaction is catalyzed by NADPH oxidase or another flavoenzyme. Superoxide synthesis catalyzed by the enzyme preparation was very low but could be increased at least twofold by the addition of a quinone, menadione. This suggests the enzyme acting in conjunction with a natural quinone could produce activated oxygen species in stressed plant cells.Abbreviation DPI
diphenylene iodonium 相似文献
25.
Photocontrol of chs gene expression in petunia flowers 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
26.
Expression of a chitinase transgene in rose (Rosa hybrida L.) reduces development of blackspot disease (Diplocarpon rosae Wolf) 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Marchant Robert Davey Michael R. Lucas John A. Lamb Chris J. Dixon Richard A. Power J. Brian 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》1998,4(3):187-194
Blackspot, caused by the Ascomycete fungus Diplocarpon rosae, is the most widespread and pernicious disease of cultivated roses. While some species of rose possess resistance to D. rosae, none of the modern-day rose cultivars are fully resistant to the pathogen. In the current study, Biolistic gene delivery was used to introduce a rice gene, encoding a basic (Class I), chitinase into embryogenic callus of the blackspot-susceptible rose (Rosa hybrida L.) cv. Glad Tidings. The plasmid used for transformation carried the neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) gene facilitating the selection and regeneration of transgenic plants on medium containing 250 mg/l kanamycin. Southern analysis confirmed integration of 2–6 copies of the chitinase gene into the rose genome; gene expression was confirmed by enzyme assay. Bioassays demonstrated that expression of the chitinase transgene reduced the severity of blackspot development by 13–43%. This degree of resistance to the pathogen correlated with the level of chitinase expression in the transgenic rose plants. The introduction of disease defence genes into rose provides a method of producing blackspot-resistant rose cultivars sought by breeders and growers. 相似文献
27.
中药金樱子的化学成分 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
从中药金樱子(Rosa laevigata Michx.)的果实是分离到7个化合物,经理化性质和波谱分析分别确定为β-谷甾醇(1)、胡萝卜甙(2)、乌苏酸(3)、2α,3β,19α,23-四羟基乌苏-12-烯-28酸(4),2α,3β,19α,23-四羟基乌苏-12-烯-28酸28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5),2α,3β,19α,23-三羟基乌苏-12-烯-28酸(6)和4',5,7-三羟黄酮醇-3-O-β-D-(6”-O-(E)-p-羟基苯丙烯酰)吡喃葡萄糖苷(7),其中化合物4、5、7为首次从金樱子果实中分离得到。 相似文献
28.
The authors investigated pollination-induced ethylene production and expression patterns of genes encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylate (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase in orchid flowers (Doritaenopsis hybrida Hort. ). Following pollination both ACC synthase and ACC oxidase mRNAs were detected in the different organs of flowers, and the patterns of both ACC synthase and ACC oxidase mRNA accumulation were similar, mRNA accumulation of ACC synthase mRNA was more organ-specific than that of ACC oxidase mRNA. However, ACC oxidase mRNAs were much more abundant than ACC synthase mRNAs in the flower organs. 相似文献
29.
平阴玫瑰花芽分化期叶片内源激素的变化 总被引:13,自引:2,他引:13
对平阴玫瑰花芽分化期叶片甲醇提取物进行IAA、ZR、GA3、ABA的分离、纯化和测定。结果发现,所测的几种激素均表现出明显的变化规律,其中IAA和GA3在花芽分化期含量逐渐下降,且在分化临界期出现一低峰,而ZR和ABA则完全相反。同时经比较分析得出ABA/GA3, ABA/IAA,ZR/GA3,ZR/IAA也表现明显的变化规律,即比值总体趋势是逐渐提高,且均在分化临界期含量出现一飞跃,显然ABA/GA3,ABA/IAA,ZR/GA3,ZR/IAA在平阴玫瑰的花芽分化过程中起着重要的调控作用,由此推测,增加植物体内的ABA、ZR的含量或降低IAA、GA3的含量,都可以促进玫瑰的花芽分化;反之则抑制其花芽分化。 相似文献
30.
Isolation of high-quality DNA from rosaceous species is particularly difficult because of their high levels of polyphenols,
polysaccharides, and other compounds. The yields and quality of genomic DNA are considerably affected when the common protocol
for DNA isolation is applied to the chestnut rose (Rosa roxburghii Tratt). A simple, rapid, and efficient protocol for the extraction of DNA from the chestnut rose is described. The modified
hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) procedure, which uses phenol-absent extraction to enhance the yield, involves a
washing step before extraction for the removal of organic molecules and excessive water; the use of high concentrations of
polyvinylpyrrolidone (2% [w/v]), CTAB (3% [w/v]), and β-mercaptoethanol (3% [v/v]) in the high-salt-concentration extraction
buffer to remove polyphenols and polysaccharides; and the combined use of potassium acetate and chloroform to remove proteins
and polysaccharides. Finally, DNA is precipitated with an equal volume of isopropanol and 0.1 vol of sodium acetate. This
protocol results in high yields of DNA. The average yield of DNA ranged from 980–1800 μg/g of fresh weight of leaves. Downstream
results indicate that DNA quality is sufficient for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) analyses. 相似文献