抗逆,高产玉米杂交种陕资1号的稳定性分析

以两年全国北方夏灭迹主区试资料,用Ｅｂｅｒｈａｒｔ法、Ｔａｉ及变异系数法对陕资１号进行稳定性分析。分析结果与区试、生产示范的实际情况吻合,充分表明陕资１号产高、稳定性好,抗逆性强,适应范围广,是具有一定发展前任的优良杂种。     

Variation in male‐built nest volume with nesting‐support quality,colony, and egg production in whiskered terns

Nest building can represent an energetically costly activity for a variety of animal taxa. Besides, the determinants of within‐species variation in the design of nests, notably with respect to natural and sexual selection, are still insufficiently documented. Based on an observational study, we examined the influence of nesting conditions (nesting‐support quality, colony, laying date, and year) on male‐built nest volume and also its potential role as a postmating sexually selected display in the whiskered tern Chlidonias hybrida. This tern species is a monogamous colonial bird with obligate biparental care breeding on aquatic vegetation. Hence, large nesting platforms are expected to be a selective advantage because they would better withstand adverse environmental conditions and provide a secure structure for eggs. Nest size may also serve as a postmating sexual trait, and variation in egg production would be positively associated with nest size. We found that nest volume was adjusted to different environmental cues. A positive relationship was found between nest volume and nesting‐support quality, indicating that the leaf density of white waterlily is essential for nest stability. Variation in nest volume was not correlated to colony size but varied among colonies and years. Male‐built nest volume was also positively associated with mean egg volume per clutch but not with clutch size. The fitness consequences of building a large nest are yet to be studied, and additional investigations are recommended to better understand whether the activity of males early during breeding season (e.g., nest building and courtship feeding performance) really serves as postmating sexually selected signals.     

Dose Response Analysis Using Robust Covariance Estimation

A dose response analysis is robustified by estimating the asymptotic covariance of the fitted model parameters by the approximate information sandwich (a sandwich statistic) under a heterogeneous variance. The robust method is described by using a nonlinear four‐parameter regression model. The usual, robust, bootstrap, and jackknife estimates of the asymptotic variance are examined for the bioassay data. Under the response of a normal distribution with changing variances over the dose levels, the performance of the usual and robust variances is investigated by Monte Carlo study. It confirms the robustness of the sandwich estimate and shows the non‐accuracy of the usual asymptotic variance estimates of fitted model parameters under the different forms of nonconstant variance structures.     

Linear extrapolation method of analyzing solvent denaturation curves

The two most common methods of measuring the conformational stability of a protein are differential scanning calorimetry and an analysis of solvent denaturation curves by using the linear extrapolation method. In this article, we trace the history of the linear extrapolation method, review how the method is used to measure protein stability, and then discuss some of the other important uses. Proteins 2000;Suppl 4:1–7. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Some Exploratory Methods for Studying Curvature in Robust Regression

The paper suggests an exploratory method for studying curvature, within the context of robust regression, using an analog of the approached developed by Doksum and Samarov (1995). The strategy begins by approximating the regression surface using a proposed generalization of the so‐called running interval smoother. The generalization consists of estimating the span via arobust measure of scale associated with the residuals. This approximation can then be used to measure linearity using a robust analog of a measure considered by Doksum and Samarov. The results are illustrated with data from a study on predicting reading ability.     

Tuning Surface Rock-Salt Layer as Effective O Capture for Enhanced Structure Durability of LiCoO2 at 4.65 V

Recently, the rock-salt (RS) phases are utilized to enhance the surface stability of LiCoO₂ (LCO), however, the optimization mechanism still remains vague. Herein, the structure stability of LCO is successfully enhanced via constructing a tough surface RS layer (≈5 nm), namely, the RS-LCO. This surface RS layer plays a significant role on capturing the migrated lattice O ions upon charging, leading to the progressive phase transition from an inert RS phase to an ionic conductive spinel phase in the surface, and suppresses the bulk H1-3 separation beyond 4.6 V. As a result, not only the oxygen redox induced side reactions are greatly reduced, but also the Li⁺-ion's transport is significantly promoted. The RS-LCO/Li cells show a remarkable cycle stability with 89.7% capacity retention after 1000 cycles in 3–4.6 V at current of 1 C (1 C = 200 mA g⁻¹), and 81.2% capacity retention after 400 cycles in 3–4.65 V at 1 C. Besides, the RS-LCO/graphite cells show nearly no capacity decay in 600 cycles in 3–4.55 V at 1 C. This work provides a new insight to understand the role of surface RS phase layer on developing the advanced LCO.     

Perspectives on Li Dendrite Penetration in Li7La3Zr2O12-Based Solid-State Electrolytes and Batteries: Materials,Interfaces, and Charge Transfer

Garnet-type Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ (LLZO) solid-state electrolytes have gained significant attention as one of the most promising electrolyte candidates for high-energy-density energy storage devices due to their superior stability and high ionic conductivity. However, the problem of lithium (Li) dendrite penetration into LLZO hinders the practical application of LLZO in solid-state Li metal batteries (SSLMBs). Multidisciplinary evaluations are carried out to understand the mechanism of dendrite penetration. Herein, the formation and evolution of different types of Li dendrites within LLZO are reviewed. The Li dendrite penetration process is addressed from the perspectives of material design, Li/LLZO interfacial adaptability, and the interfacial charge transfer process. On this basis, recent efforts and solutions to inhibiting the penetration of Li dendrites in LLZO, including stabilizing LLZO phase and densification techniques, interfacial modifications, and grain boundary manipulations, are summarized. It is expected that the in-depth understanding of the Li dendrite penetration and corresponding solutions will provide a systemic guideline toward the development of LLZO-based solid-state electrolytes and the commercialization of ultra-stable SSLMBs.     

Unveiling the Microscopic Origin of Irreversible Capacity Loss of Hard Carbon for Sodium-Ion Batteries

The primary bottleneck hindering the application of hard carbon in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) anodes lies in its inadequate initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). Unclear causes of capacity loss at the microscopic level restrict the improvement of hard carbon anodes. Here, two pivotal stages that influence the structure and composition of hard carbon, namely synthesis, and storage are evaluated; subsequently identifying crucial determinants contributing to irreversible capacity loss. The results suggest that undergrown carbon layers allowing the intrusion of solvent molecules into the interior of the hard carbon is a key factor during the synthesis stage, while the gradual formation of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of the hard carbon is another factor leading to irreversible loss of capacity during storage stage. This research microscopically clarifies the irreversible capacity loss mechanism on hard carbon and provides guidelines for designing and applying high ICE hard carbon for SIBs.     

Universal Strategy with Structural and Chemical Crosslinking Interface for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Due to the limited interface contact and weak interfacial interaction, planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have space for further improvement. Herein, a structural and chemical crosslinking interface is proposed and constructed by introducing an extra layer, which blends tin dioxide (SnO₂) nanoparticles with chloride salts. Since the incorporated materials can be dissolved during the fabrication of perovskite, the quality of perovskite films is improved, leading to larger grain size and reduced trap-state density. Also, more chloride ions at the SnO₂/perovskite interface are observed and the interaction between Cl⁻ and Sn⁴⁺ is confirmed. It results in more pronounced n-type SnO₂ with better conductivity and deeper conduction bands, leading to preferable energy level alignment between SnO₂ and perovskite. Consequently, the open-circuit voltage and fill factor of the devices increase, and target cells present better stability, retaining 98% of initial efficiencies after >10 000 h storage in dry air (≈5% relative humidity) and maintaining 85.50% of the initial efficiency after 1000 h of operation under light. This strategy enables the achievement of 25.28% efficiency with a low bandgap (1.53 eV) perovskite composition, and it is confirmed to be universal when other related materials are utilized.     

Emission enhancement in the luminescence performance of warm red light-emitting LiSrVO4:Pr3+ phosphors

Warm red-emitting praseodymium-doped LiSrVO₄ phosphors were synthesized via solid-state reaction. The phase formation was verified using an X-ray diffraction study and the morphology was investigated using a scanning electron microscope study. The LiSrVO₄:Pr³⁺ phosphors emitted red light when exposed to ultraviolet light, indicating their possibility for use in warm white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). Furthermore, the effect of charge compensators on the luminescence characteristics was addressed. The decay time was investigated using time-resolved photoluminescence. Furthermore, thermal quenching was analyzed through temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra. Their sensitivity was calculated using temperature-dependent decay time analysis. The colour purity of the emitted light could be measured by photometric analysis. This comprehensive investigation provides a thorough understanding of the luminescence properties of phosphors for WLED applications.